無(wú)錫市天一中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2021-2022學(xué)年度上學(xué)期第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)試題（滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.7:15. B.6:40. C.7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Johnissupposedtocomehereathalfpastseven.W:Yes,he’llbeherein15minutes.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthewoman’shat?A.It’sverygood.B.Itdoesn’tgowellwithherdress.C.Helikesthestyleofit.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tthinkyourhatmatchesyourdress.W:ButIlikeitsstyle.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn’tknowthepark.B.Theparkisnearby.C.Thereisnoparkinghere.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmehowtogettothepark?M:There’saparkaroundhere?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomanshouldgoaway.B.Hewillgoclosertoher.C.Hecanhearherverywell.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IfIspeakthisway,couldyouhearmeclearly?M:Goahead.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatistheproblem?A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeorangejuice.B.Themanwaslookingfororangejuice.C.Themanbrokethecontaineroftheorangejuice.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IjustboughtsomeorangejuicebutnowIcan’tfindit.Doyouknowwhereitis?M:Ibrokethebottle.Didn’tyouhearthecrash?第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whichbusdidthemantakeyesterday?A.Number7.B.Number15.C.Bothofthem.7.HowfarwillthewomanwalkifshetakesaNumber15bus?A.Halfamile. B.Onemile. C.Twomiles.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyougoing,Jane?W:I’mgoingtothehospitaltoseeMay.M:Isawheryesterday.Shewasalittlebetter.W:MustIcatchaNumber7bustogetthere?M:No,youneedn’t.ANumber15buswillalsotakeyoutothehospital.W:Number15busesrunmuchmorefrequently,don’tthey?M:Yes.IcaughtaNumber7busyesterday,andIhadtowaitforhalfanhouratthebusstop.W:Thankyou,Henry.I’llgetaNumber15.M:ButNumber15busesleavefromthetowncentre.You’llhavetowalktwomilestocatchone.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.What’stheweatherlikethesedays?A.Rainingallthetime.B.Sunnyandbright.C.Cloudyandwindy.9.Whatdotheythinkoftheweather?A.Nottoobad.B.Terrible.C.Fine.10.Howabouttheweathertomorrowaccordingtotheweatherman?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:Whataterribledayitis!M:Yes,itistoobad.W:Istheweatheralwayslikethis?M:No,Ithinkitwillbefinesoon.W:Ihopeyouareright.Wedon’twanttobestuckhereallmorning.M:Quiteright.W:Whatistheweatherforecastfortoday?M:Rainyinthemorningandcloudyintheafternoon.W:Ithasbeenrainingforthepastfewdays.M:Idon’tthinkweatherlikethiscanlastlong.W:Doyouthinkitwillbefinetomorrow?M:Perhaps.Theweathermansaysitwillclearuptomorrow.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Wheredidthemanwatchthemovie?A.Atafriend’shouse.B.Downtown.C.Atanearbycinema.12.Howdidthemanlikethemovie?A.Itwasexcellent.B.Itwasabsurd.C.Itwasn’tworthmentioning.13.WhydidDavesayhisroommatewasarealairhead?A.HethoughtTitanicwasaJapaneseboatduringWorldWarⅡ.B.HesaidthattheJapanesewonthewarusingaboatcalledTitanic.C.HebelievedthattheJapanesesankaboatcalledTitanic.14.WhatdidDaveandhisroommatedoafterthemovie?A.Theywentoutforafewdrinks.B.TheywatchedTV.C.Theytalkedabouttheirhobbies.【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Dave.Howwasyourweekend?M:Notbad.Iwentdowntowntowatchamoviewithmyroommate.W:Howwasit?M:Oh,themoviewaswonderful,butthecompanywasn’t.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,Ilikedthemovie,butmyroommateisarealairhead.Westartedtalkingaboutthisandthat,andhethoughtTitanicwasaboattheJapanesesankduringWorldWarⅡ.W:Oh,oh.Notaverybrightguy.M:Yeah,andhe’srealcouchpotato.Heinvitedmeovertohisparents’housetowatchTV.Wow.IbetwatchingTVishisonlyhobby,buthesuredoesn’tknowmuch.W:Toobad.Hey,doyouwanttogooutandgetsomethingtodrink?It’sprettyearly.M:Nah.I’dliketogotobed.Ihaveatesttomorrowmorning,andIwanttobereadyforit.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】15.Whatisthewoman?A.Asaleswoman.B.Astudent.C.Abankclerk.16.Howmuchmoneycanthewomangetpermonthalltogether?A.＄760. B.＄1260. C.＄2160.17.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Workmore.B.Getsomemoneyfromthebank.C.Makeamonthlybudget.【答案】15.B16.B17.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Carina.Longtimenosee.Outpartyingeverynight,insteadofstudying,huh?W:Well,notrecently!Actually,Idon’thaveanymoneytopartythesedays.M:Hey,Ithoughtyouhadagoodpart-timejobatthemall.W:Ido.Iworkabouttwentyhoursaweek,andthepay’snotbad,ninedollarsandfiftycentsanhour.M:Really?Sothat’ssevenhundredandsixtydollarsamonth.Hey,that’snotabadincomeforastudent!W:Iknow.Andmyparentssendmefivehundreddollarsamonth,too.But...M:Butyoucan’tliveonthat?W:NoIonlymanagetosaveabouttendollarsamonth.M:Itsoundslikeyouhaveabudgetproblem.Simply,eitherworkmoreorspendless.W:I’mdefinitelynotgoingtoworkmore.M:Soyou’dbetterstartspendingless.Whydon’tyoumakeamonthlybudget?W:Abudget?Hmm,maybe...Hey,Tim,youmajoredineconomics,right?M:Uh,yeah...W:Andyouworkinabanknow,right?M:Uh,yeah,why?W:Well,you’rethebestpersontohelpmemakeabudget!聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whatdidthewomandoimmediatelyaftershewokeup?A.Shelookedoutofthewindow.B.SheturnedontheTV.C.Shepreparedtoleave.19.Whatwastheweatherlikethatday?A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Windy.20.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Thewomanleftwithouttakinganything.B.Shecouldn’tseetheroadclearlybecausenightwasdrawingnear.C.Abigfirebrokeoutaroundwhereshelived.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】ThefirstthingIdidwhenIwokeupinthemorningwaswatchingtheTVnews.Icouldseethatthesituationwasbad.Outsideinthegarden,Icouldn’tseethesun,astheskywasfullofsmoke.IdecidedI’dbetterleave.Ipackedasuitcaseofclothesandanothercaseofusefulthings.It’sdifficultinthiskindofsituationtodecideexactlywhattotakewithyou.Outinthegardentheskywasgettingblacker,andthewindwasgettingstronger.Igotintomycaranddrovedowntheroad.Thesmokewasthickandattimesitwasdifficulttoseetheroad.Animalswererunningacrosstheroad,tryingtoescapethefire.FivemilesdowntheroadIcametoalongbridge.OnlywhenIwasontheothersidedidIknowIwassafe.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABuzzwords(流行詞匯)SplinternetEuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.Cyberpunk—Doyouthinkwearealreadyinacyberpunkage?—Ithinkweare.Justlookaroundus,weareenjoyingthefruitofhightechnologywhenweorderalmosteverythingatourfingertips.Butthepeopledeliveringtheproductscan’tevenhaveadecentmeal.That’satypical“hightech,lowlife”contrast.Mansplaining—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.DigitalnativesIfyouarewonderingwhy“Phone”appiconisdesignedlikethatandlooksalmostthesameoneverysmartphone,youaredefinitelyoneofthedigitalnativeswhodon’tknowwhatatelephoneis.SocialbankruptcyHaveyoueverfounditextremelyexhaustingtryingtomaintainabalancedrelationshipwithallyoursocialmediafriendsandfollowers?Perhapsit’stimethatyougosocialbankruptcy.Justcloseallyouraccountsandgooutandenjoythesunshine.21.ThesocialmediaplatformFacebookbrieflydecidedtopreventAustralianusersfromsharingnewlinks.Whichwordismostrelevanttothisaffair?A.Splinternet B.Mansplaining C.Digitalnatives D.Socialbankruptcy22.Mencius(孟子)oncesaid:“Disgustforsomeonebyothersdoesfocusonhis/herpretendingtobeothers’master.”Whichwordmeansthesamething?A.Splinternet B.Cyberpunk C.Mansplaining D.Digitalnatives23.WhichcolumninTeenSpaceMagazineisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Preface B.Outlook C.Story D.Witticism【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些如今流行的流行詞匯的含義?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“EuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.(歐洲正在實(shí)施一項(xiàng)浮動(dòng)法規(guī)，可能對(duì)違反歐洲法律的美國(guó)科技公司實(shí)施臨時(shí)禁令。如果這樣的領(lǐng)土協(xié)議變得更加普遍，我們所知道的全球互聯(lián)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將更像一些人所說(shuō)的“分裂互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，或不同互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的集合，其界限由國(guó)家或地區(qū)邊界決定)”可知，社交媒體平臺(tái)Facebook暫時(shí)決定阻止澳大利亞用戶(hù)分享新的鏈接，Splinternet與之相關(guān)。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mansplaining部分中“—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.(——你必須按照我的指示完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。千萬(wàn)別搞砸了?！Ｖ购脼槿藥熀脝?？我比你經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富多了)”可知，孟子說(shuō)過(guò)“人之患在好為人師”與C選項(xiàng)“Mansplaining”意思是一樣的。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Buzzwords(流行詞匯)”以及文章主要介紹了一些如今流行的流行詞匯的含義，可推知，文章可能來(lái)自《青少年空間雜志》的“前景”專(zhuān)欄。故選B。BEveryoneisafraidofsomething.Maybeyou'reafraidofspiders,orheights,ordogs,orthedark.Andtraditionally,we’vethoughtthat'sbecauseyoulearnedtobeafraid.Probablybecauseyouhadabadrun-inwithsomethingatsomepoint.Butthere'sadifferentideaouttherethat'sbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsaren’tjustlearned…theyalsocanbeinherited.Itsoundslikeawildidea.Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsurprising.Inthiswork,they’veputalotofeffortintounderstandingoneextremekindoffear,calledaphobia.Togetasenseofhowmuchgenesinfluencefear,scientistshavebegunlookingatidenticaltwins.SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.Becauseeventhoughtwinsoftenhavelotsofsimilarexperiences,theyprobablydon'tsharethetypesofexperiencesthatcausephobias—likegettingbittenbyadogorfallingoutofatree.One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentist'sfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.So,it'sprettyclearthatphobiasareheritable!24.WhatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2?A.It'sunbelievablethatpeoplecaninheritsomethingsoabstractlikefear.B.It'ssurprisingthatpeopleknowsolittleaboutinheritanceandgenetics.C.It'snaturalthatpeoplebecomeafraidofthingsthattheyhadbadexperiencewith.D.It'sinterestingthatpeopleareafraidofsomanythingssuchasspidersandthedark.25.Whydidthescientistschooseidenticaltwinsastheirtestsubjects?ATheylookverymuchalike. B.Theyhavesharedexperiences.C.Theyhavesimilarpersonalities. D.TheysharebasicallythesameDNA.26.WhatdidtheauthortrytoprovebymentioningthestudiesinPara.4and5?A.Dentistsarescarytomanykids. B.Mostpeoplehavesomekindoffear.C.Fearofbloodisthemostcommonphobia. D.Fearofthingscanbearesultofgeneticinheritance.27.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Asciencetalkshow.C.Acommercialadvertisement. D.Ahistorybook.【答案】24.A25.D26.D27.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西，介紹了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?4題詳解】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后文“Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsurprising.”可知，但在過(guò)去的50年里，研究人員一直在研究恐懼與遺傳和基因有多大關(guān)系。他們的結(jié)果證明了人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西，這令人驚訝，故畫(huà)線(xiàn)句意思是“令人難以置信的是，人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西”。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.(由于同卵雙胞胎擁有幾乎相同的DNA，研究人員可以通過(guò)比較特定恐懼癥在同卵雙胞胎和其他兄弟姐妹中出現(xiàn)的頻率來(lái)了解恐懼的遺傳程度)”可知，科學(xué)家選擇同卵雙胞胎作為他們的測(cè)試對(duì)象因?yàn)樗麄兓旧蠐碛邢嗤腄NA。故選D。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.(1998年的一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)澳大利亞659對(duì)同卵雙胞胎和異卵雙胞胎進(jìn)行了研究，看有多少人害怕血。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，基因在這些人的變異中占71%，這意味著基因因素在決定一個(gè)人是否有某種特定的恐懼方面發(fā)揮了相當(dāng)大的作用)”以及第五段“A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentist'sfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.(2016年的一項(xiàng)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)牙醫(yī)的恐懼超過(guò)30%是遺傳的。所以，如果你害怕去看牙醫(yī)，這可能不是你牙醫(yī)的錯(cuò)。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，有恐懼癥的人的一級(jí)親屬比沒(méi)有家族史的人更有可能有類(lèi)似的恐懼癥)”可推知，作者通過(guò)提到第4和第5段的研究試圖證明恐懼可能是遺傳的結(jié)果。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butthere'sadifferentideaouttherethat'sbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsaren’tjustlearned…theyalsocanbeinherited.(但最近有一種不同觀點(diǎn)得到了更多的關(guān)注：恐懼不僅僅是后天習(xí)得的……它們也可以遺傳)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西，介紹了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)?？赏浦?，文章可能來(lái)自科學(xué)談話(huà)節(jié)目。故選B。CDr.MelissaD.YoungisachemistandCertifiedDiabetesEducatorattheAmericanAssociationofDiabetesEducatorswhoholdsaverypersonalinterestinadvocatingforannualfluvaccination(預(yù)防接種).Twelveyearsago,hermotherpassedawayafterafluinfection.Young’smotherhadachronic(慢性的)lungcondition,butshehadrefusedtogetafluvaccinebecauseshemistakenlythoughtitwouldmakehersufferfromtheflu.It’sasad,butalltoocommonstory.AccordingtodatacollectedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,ofUSadultswhowerehospitalizedforfluinfectionin2018-2019withadditionalinformationavailable,93percenthadatleastonemedicalcondition.IntheUS,nearlyhalfofalladultsaged45-64years,and80percentofthoseaged65yearsandolder,havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications,includingheartattack,stroke,hospitalization,andevendeath.Toaddressthispublichealththreat,themedicalcommunityisworkingtogethertoprotectthemostvulnerable(易受傷害的)patients.Fluvirusescauseareactionthatcanlastforseveralweeksfollowingseriousinfection.Thisflu-relatedreactioncanmakeexistingchronicconditionsworse,includingheartdisease,lungdiseaseanddiabetes.Additionally,adultswithdiabetesweresixtimesmorelikelytobehospitalizedandthreetimesmorelikelytodiefromflu-relatedcomplicationsthanpeoplewithoutdiabetes.Yetthereremainslowawarenessoftheimportanceofannualfluvaccinationforadultswithchronichealthconditions.Despitetheabundanceofpublichealthguidanceurgingpeopletogetvaccinatedeachyear,increasingfluvaccinationrateshasprovenextremelydifficult.Vaccinationcoverageamongadultshasincreasedslightlyoverthepastdecade,butremainsabout40percent,leavingmorethanhalfofUSadultsvulnerableeachyear.28.WhydoestheauthormentionYoung’smotherinparagraph1?A.Tosummarizethefollowingparagraphs.B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C.Toshowthebackgroundofthestory.D.Toprovidesomeadviceforreaders.29.Whatdoweknowaboutfluinfectionandchronicconditions?A.Theyinfluenceeachother. B.TheyexistmainlyinAmerica.C.Theyhardlyhappentotheyoung. D.Theyarethemainreasonsfordeath.30.WhatattitudedomostAmericanadultshavetowardsfluvaccination?A.Positive. B.Flexible.C.Uncertain. D.Uncaring.31.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThebenefitsoffluvaccinationB.FluinfectionisincreasingintheUSAC.FluinfectionisathreatforAmericanadultsD.Thedifficultyincarryingoutfluvaccination【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)流感的嚴(yán)重性以及美國(guó)成年人不重視預(yù)防流感和接種疫苗?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’sasad,butalltoocommonstory.(這是一個(gè)令人悲傷但又非常普遍的故事)”以及最后一段“Yetthereremainslowawarenessoftheimportanceofannualfluvaccinationforadultswithchronichealthconditions.(然而，對(duì)于患有慢性疾病的成年人每年接種流感疫苗的重要性，人們的認(rèn)識(shí)仍然很低)”可推知，作者在第一段提到楊的母親是為了引出文章的主題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications,includingheartattack,stroke,hospitalization,andevendeath(患有多種慢性疾病，這使他們面臨著心臟病、中風(fēng)、住院甚至死亡等流感相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”以及第四段“Thisflu-relatedreactioncanmakeexistingchronicconditionsworse,includingheartdisease,lungdiseaseanddiabetes.(這種與流感相關(guān)的反應(yīng)會(huì)使現(xiàn)有的慢性疾病惡化，包括心臟病、肺病和糖尿病)”可推知，流感感染和慢性病相互影響。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Vaccinationcoverageamongadultshasincreasedslightlyoverthepastdecade,butremainsabout40percent,leavingmorethanhalfofUSadultsvulnerableeachyear.(在過(guò)去十年中，成年人的疫苗接種率略有上升，但仍保持在40%左右，每年有超過(guò)一半的美國(guó)成年人易受感染)”可推知，大多數(shù)美國(guó)成年人對(duì)流感疫苗接種的態(tài)度是不關(guān)注的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第二段“USadultswhowerehospitalizedforfluinfectionin2018-2019withadditionalinformationavailable,93percenthadatleastonemedicalcondition.(在2018-2019年因流感感染住院的美國(guó)成年人中，93%的人至少有一種疾病)”以及第三段“IntheUS,nearlyhalfofalladultsaged45-64years,and80percentofthoseaged65yearsandolder,havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications(在美國(guó)，近一半的45-64歲成年人以及80%的65歲及以上的成年人患有多種慢性疾病，這些疾病使他們面臨流感相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可推知，本文主要介紹了流感感染對(duì)美國(guó)成年人的威脅性之高。C項(xiàng)“流感感染對(duì)美國(guó)成年人是一種威脅”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DThefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.Astronomersareplanningtomakethemoon'sdistantsideournewestandbestwindowonthecosmic(宇宙的)darkages,amysteriouserahidingearlymarksofstarsandgalaxies.Ouruniversewasnotalwaysfilledwithstars.About380,000yearsafterthebigbang,theuniversecooled,andthefirstatomsofhydrogenformed.Gigantichydrogencloudssoonfilledtheuniverse.Butforafewhundredmillionyears,everythingremaineddark,withoutstars.Thencamethecosmicdawn:thefirststarsflickered,galaxiescameintoexistenceandslowlytheuniverse'slarge-scalestructuretookshape.Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光學(xué)的)telescopes—therewasnolight.Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength(orlow-frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.Nowmultiplespaceagenciesplanlunarmissionscarryingradio-wave-detectinginstruments—somewithinthenextthreeyears—andastronomers'dreamsaresettobecomereality.“IfIweretodesignanidealplacetodolow-frequencyradioastronomy,Iwouldhavetobuildthemoon,”saysastrophysicistJackBurnsoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”32.What'sthepurposeofbuildingradiotelescopesonthemoon?A.Toresearchthebigbang. B.Todiscoverunknownstars.C.Tostudythecosmicdarkages. D.Toobservethefarsideofthemoon.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inParagraph3possiblymean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate.C.Produce. D.Predict.34.Hydrogenradioemissionscan'tbedetectedonEarthbecause________．A.therewasnolightinthedarkagesB.theycannotpossiblygetthroughouratmosphereC.gigantichydrogencloudsnolongerfilltheuniverseD.radiosignalsonEarthcausetoomuchinterference35.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavetorebuildthemoon.B.Wewillfinallygettothemoon'sdistantside.C.Themoonisaperfectplacetosetupradiotelescopes.D.Afavorableresearchenvironmentwillbefoundonthemoon.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家們想要在月球背面架設(shè)射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡，以此來(lái)研究宇宙暗黑紀(jì)元?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.（月球的背面是一個(gè)奇怪而狂野的區(qū)域，與我們每晚從地球上看到的熟悉而平滑的面孔大不相同。很快，這個(gè)粗糙的空間將會(huì)有更加奇特的特征:它將被射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡所包圍。）”可知，月球的遠(yuǎn)端很快就要被射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡所包圍；而根據(jù)第四段“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.（幾十年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直夢(mèng)想著從月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑紀(jì)元。）”可知，科學(xué)家們想通過(guò)研究月球的背面來(lái)研究宇宙的黑暗紀(jì)元。由以上可以推出，架設(shè)電望遠(yuǎn)鏡的目的是研究宇宙的黑暗紀(jì)元。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞部分“Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光學(xué)的)telescopes—therewasnolight.（這種結(jié)構(gòu)的種子一定存在于黑暗紀(jì)元的氫云中，但是這個(gè)時(shí)代不可能用光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡來(lái)probe——那里沒(méi)有光。）”中的therewasnolight解釋了不能用光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的原因。且根據(jù)后文“Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength(orlow-frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.（盡管這種氫氣產(chǎn)生了長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)(或低頻率)的電輻射，但地球上的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎不可能探測(cè)到它們。）”中detect即為“探測(cè)”之意。前后對(duì)應(yīng)，probe應(yīng)為“探測(cè)”之意，意同“explore”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.（我們的大氣層要么阻礙或干擾這些微弱的信號(hào)；那些通過(guò)的信號(hào)被人類(lèi)的無(wú)線(xiàn)電噪聲所淹沒(méi)。）”中的humanity'sradionoise可知，檢測(cè)不到射電輻射的原因是，地球上的無(wú)線(xiàn)電信號(hào)造成了太多的干擾。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.（幾十年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直夢(mèng)想著從月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑紀(jì)元。）”和最后一段““Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”（“我們未來(lái)幾年將把這些望遠(yuǎn)鏡放在月球上的地方?！保笨赏浦?，劃線(xiàn)部分的意思是月球是架設(shè)射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡的理想場(chǎng)所。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MakingtheMostofthePresentWe'veallbeenaskedthatquestion"Wheredoyouseeyourselfin5or10years?”andwhilesomeofusmighthavetheanswerstothat,therealityis,mostofusdon'tandthatistotallyOK.____36____We'veputtogetherthebelowtipsonhowtoenjoylivinginthemoment.Stopworryingaboutwhathasn'thappenedyet.We'vealldoneit.Worryingaboutasituationthathasn'thappenedyetisonlygoingtoruinallthegoodthingsthatarehappeningnow.Ifyoufocusonthefuturetoomuch,itmakesthepresentirrelevant.____37____Ifitisreallyeatingyouup,trythinkingaboutwhatyoucandorightnowtoavoidanynegativesituationsyoumightbeworriedabout.____38____Itissoeasytogetcaughtupinotherpeople'slivesandcompareyourachievementstotheirs,soifyoufindyourselfdoubtingyourachievementsandfeelinglessthansomeonebecausetheyhaveanicercarorabetterjob,takeastepawayfromthemforawhileuntilyounolongerfeelnegativelyaboutthedifferencesinyourlivesandachievements.Bettermood,betterlife.Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse.____39____Andlookingafteryourselfbeforeanyoneelseisthemostimportant.Worktowardsthegoalsyouwanttoachievenottheonesotherswantyoutoachieveortheonesyouthinkyoushouldbeachievingbecausesocietytellsustoo.Ifyoudon'twanttogetmarried,that'sOK,andifyoudo,that'sOKtoo.____40____A.Nooneisbetterthanyou.B.Youareyourownnumberone.C.Justmakesurethatanythingyoudo,isdoneforyou!D.Stopbeinginfluencedbypopularandinfluentialpeople.E.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplethatmakeyoufeelbetter.F.Whatwillbe,willbeandstressingaboutsomethingisn'tgoingtochangethat.G.Thinkingaheadisimportantbutitcanoftenbethecauseofunnecessarystress.【答案】36.G37.F38.E39.B40.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文就話(huà)題“怎樣抓住當(dāng)下，過(guò)好當(dāng)下”進(jìn)行陳述并給出了三個(gè)方面的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“We'veallbeenaskedthatquestion"Wheredoyouseeyourselfin5or10years?”andwhilesomeofusmighthavetheanswerstothat,therealityis,mostofusdon'tandthatistotallyOK.(我們都被問(wèn)到過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題:“你認(rèn)為自己在5年或10年后會(huì)發(fā)展到什么地步?”雖然有些人可能知道答案，但事實(shí)是，大多數(shù)人都不知道，這也沒(méi)什么)”和下文“We'veputtogetherthebelowtipsonhowtoenjoylivinginthemoment.(我們整理了下面這些如何享受當(dāng)下的小貼士)”可知，空處承上啟下，說(shuō)明提前考慮會(huì)帶來(lái)壓力。G項(xiàng)“提前考慮是很重要的，但它往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致不必要的壓力”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?7題詳解】本段主題句為“Stopworryingaboutwhathasn'thappenedyet.(不要擔(dān)心還沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明不要為將來(lái)?yè)?dān)心，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中“Whatwillbe,willbe”與之對(duì)應(yīng)。F項(xiàng)“將來(lái)會(huì)怎樣，會(huì)怎樣，為某事感到壓力不會(huì)改變它”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?8題詳解】設(shè)空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Bettermood,betterlife.(好心情，好生活)”可知，E項(xiàng)中“makeyoufeelbetter.”與之對(duì)應(yīng)。E項(xiàng)“和讓你感覺(jué)更好的人在一起”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse.(把自己放在第一位，不要試圖取悅其他人)”可知，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是自己是最重要的。B項(xiàng)“你就是你自己的第一”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。【40題詳解】該自然段主題句為“Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse(把自己放在第一位，不要試圖取悅其他人)”設(shè)空在文段最后一句，總結(jié)該文段意思。C項(xiàng)“只要確保你做任何事，都是為你做的！”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Gonearethedayswhenbigbusinesseswerelookeduponbyenvironmentalistsasenemiesinthefightagainstglobalwarming.JusttwoweeksafterU.S.PresidentDonaldTrumppulledhiscountry