新教材2023年高中英語Unit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學(xué)案新人教版必修第三冊

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES單元核心素養(yǎng)單元話題導(dǎo)讀TipstoPractiseGratitudeGratitudeisnotonlyanartperformedindailylife,butalsopartofourtraditionalvirtue.Showinggratitudehasbeenputforwardinthelastfewdecades.Whilesuchencouragementismorallymeaningful,itseemstobealittleabstract.Buttherearestillsometipsthathelpmakeitpossibleforyoutopracticegratitude.Refusingtoplaythevictimisthefirststepyou’resupposedtotake.Ungratefulpersonsarealwaysblamingtheworldfortheproblemsandowingallthefaultstoothers.Ifyouwanttobegrateful,stopcomplainingtheworld,yourteachers,yourfriendsandyourfamilyaboutnotputtingthemselvesinyourshoes,andfocusonhowmuchthey’vehelpedandcaredaboutyou.Doingarandomactofkindnessisagreatwayofpracticinggratitude.Youshouldn’talwaysbegoodonlytoyourclosefriendsorfamilymembers.Youcanhelpaneighborlookforalostdog.Youcanalsohelpanoldladycarryhergrocery.Youdon’thavetosearchfortheseopportunitiespurposely.Sometimestheywillpresentthemselves.Sowhentheycome,actwithgenerosity.You’llbemoregratefulforyourroleplayedintheworld.SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinking課前自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ．重點單詞1．__moral__adj.道德的；道義上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．__virtue__n．高尚的道德；美德；優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)3．__illustrate__vt.(舉例)說明；闡明；給(書或文意)加插圖→__illustration__n．圖表，插圖；圖解；圖示4．__precious__adj.珍稀的；寶貴的5．__marriage__n．結(jié)婚；婚姻→__marry__v.結(jié)婚，娶，嫁→__married__adj.已婚的6．__majority__n．大部分；大多數(shù)→__major__adj.主要的；多數(shù)的vi.主修→__minority__n．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)7．__complain__vi.&vt.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→__complaint__n．抱怨；牢騷；投訴8．__fee__n．專業(yè)服務(wù)費；報酬9．__respond__vt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→__response__n．反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)10．__union__n．協(xié)會；聯(lián)合會；工會11．__scholarship__n．獎學(xué)金12．__hire__vt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用13．__physician__n．醫(yī)師；(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生→__physicist__n．物理學(xué)家→__physical__adj.身體的；物理的→__physics__n．物理學(xué)14．__colleague__n．同事；同僚15．__reject__vt.拒絕接受；不錄用→__rejection__n．拒絕接受；否決16．__appoint__vt.任命；委派→__appointment__n．任命，委派17．__clinic__n．診所；門診部→__clinical__adj.臨床的；臨床診斷的18．__faraway__adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的19．__elect__vt.選舉；推選→__election__n．選舉；推選；當(dāng)選→__elector__n．選舉人20．__decade__n．十年；十年期21．__elsewhere__adv.在別處；去別處22．__tend__vt.照顧；照料vi.傾向；趨于→__tendency__n．趨勢；傾向23．__publish__vt.發(fā)表(作品)；出版→__publisher__n．出版人(或機構(gòu))24．__staff__n．員工；全體職員25．__retire__vi.&vt.退休；退職；退出→__retirement__n．退休→__retired__adj.退休的26．__saving__n．節(jié)省物；節(jié)省；節(jié)約；[pl.]儲蓄金；存款27．__kindergarten__n．學(xué)前班；幼兒園28．__principle__n．道德原則；法則；原則29．__passive__adj.被動的；順從的30．__scare__vt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→__scared__adj.害怕的；對……感到驚慌或恐懼的→__scary__adj.引起恐慌的31．__sharp__adj.(增長、下跌等)急劇的；鋒利的；明顯的→__sharpen__v．使變鋒利32．__insurance__n．保險；保險業(yè)33．__energetic__adj.精力充沛的；充滿活力的→__energy__n．精力；力量；能源34．__replace__vt.接替；取代；更換→__replacement__n．替換；更換；替代品；替換Ⅱ．重點短語1．carrysb.__through__sth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)2．tendto__do__sth.易于做某事；往往會發(fā)生某事3．get__in__trouble陷入困境；遇到麻煩4．not__only__…butalso…不僅……而且……5．befamous__for__因……而聞名6．beaffected__by__被……影響/感動7．instead__of__代替；而不是8．wouldrather__do__sth.寧愿做某事9．graduate__from__從……畢業(yè)10．because__of__因為；由于11．__in__needof需要12．care__for__照看；喜歡13．beresponsible__for__對……負(fù)責(zé)14．treat…__as__…把……當(dāng)作15．beknown__as__…作為……而聞名；被稱為16．__of__one’sown屬于某人自己的17．bereadyto__do__sth.樂意干某事18．not…__any__more不再……Ⅲ．重點句型1．Toaperson__nothingismorepreciousthantheirlife__．..對一個人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更珍貴了……2．Sheresponded，“I’d__ratherstay__singletostudyallmylife！”她回答說：“我寧愿保持單身，終生學(xué)習(xí)！”3．Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanever__tobehired__asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她立即成為第一個被聘為PUMC醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科住院醫(yī)師的女性。4．Attimesshe__was__even__seenriding__adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有時人們甚至?xí)吹剿T著毛驢到遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊給人看病。5．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，__havingdelivered__over50，000babiesinherlifetime.雖然林巧稚從未結(jié)婚，她卻被稱為“一萬個孩子的媽媽”，一生中接生了5萬多個孩子。Ⅳ．課文預(yù)讀1．LinQiaozhi’sbrotherwantedherto__C__．A．studymedicineandhelppoorpeopleB．staysingleallherlifeC．followthetraditionalwayofmarriagelikeothergirlsD．studyhardandholdanimportantposition2．Whywasshecalledthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”？__C__A．Becauseshehasmanybabies.B．Becausesheadoptedtenthousandbabies.C．Becauseshedeliveredmanybabies.D．Becauseshelikedbabies.3．Accordingtothepassage，whatkindofpersondoyouthinkDrLinwas？__A__A．Responsibleandpatient. B．Strictandselfish.C．Outgoingandamazing. D．Moodyandserious.4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？__D__A．DrLinwasdifferentfromotherwomen.B．DrLinwashiredasaresidentphysician.C．It’shardforDrLintomakethechoice.D．DrLinmadegreatcontributionstoChinesemedicalindustry.5．WhichisthecorrectorderoftheeventsinDrLin’slife？__B__①Hermotherdied.②ShewassenttoEuropetostudy.③ShewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople’sCongress.④Shewasnamedachiefresidentphysician.⑤Sheopenedaprivateclinic.A．①③②④⑤ B．①④②⑤③C．②①④③⑤ D．④②③①⑤課內(nèi)要點探究重點單詞1．majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Ialwaysrespecttheopinionofthemajority.當(dāng)我有不同觀點時，我總是尊重多數(shù)人的觀點。Themajorityofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.大多數(shù)學(xué)生持有以下觀點：騎電動車上學(xué)很方便。Afterall,thosewhoareagainsttheprojectareinthemajority.畢竟，反對這個項目的人占多數(shù)。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)beinthe/amajority占多數(shù)a/themajorityof……的大多數(shù)(2)majorv．主修(majorin…主修……)adj.主要的n．主修課程(3)minoradj.次要的(4)minorityn．少數(shù)a/theminorityof少數(shù)的beinthe/aminority占少數(shù)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津themajority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可?！皌hemajorityof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！皌hemajorityof＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①The__majority__(major)ofthecitizensinthatregionhavebeenaffectedbythedust.②InBritainwomenare__in__themajority.③Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembers__are__(be)againstit.④TomandIhavesomethingincommon:webothmajor__in__engineering.完成句子⑤Brieflyspeaking,smokingis__oneofthemajorcauses__(主要原因之一)ofcancer.⑥(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷七選五)Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.However，__themajorityofpeople__(大多數(shù)人)areeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.⑦Infact，heinspiresmeto__majorin__(主修)Englishincollege，tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.2．complainvi.&vt.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句I’mgoingtocomplaintothemanageraboutthis.我要就這件事向經(jīng)理投訴。Weshouldstrictlyfollowtrafficrulesratherthancomplainabouttrafficjams.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格遵守交通規(guī)則，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalkatyesterday’smeeting.貝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨說在昨天的會上薩拉從不給她說話的機會。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)complainabout…抱怨……complain(tosb.)that…(向某人)抱怨……complaintosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事(2)complaintn．抱怨makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事afloodofcomplaints大量的投訴eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作賓語，須加介詞to。類似的詞還有explain(解釋，說明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建議)等。Iexplainedthesituationtomybankmanager.我向我的銀行經(jīng)理說明了情況。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2018·天津卷閱讀)Thestudentsbegan__complaining__(complain)abouthowcolditwouldbe.②Neighbourscomplained__to__thepoliceaboutthedogsbarking.完成句子③I’dliketo__makeacomplaint__aboutthenoise.我想就噪音問題提出投訴。④Oneoftheirneighborshadwrittento__complainabout__thesoundofthepiano.他們的一個鄰居寫信投訴鋼琴的聲音。⑤(江西卷單選)Motheralways__complainsthat__childrenwearouttheirshoesveryquickly.媽媽總是抱怨孩子們很快就把鞋子穿壞了。3．respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Sherespondedtomyletterwithaphonecall.她收到我的信后給我回了個電話。Whenaskedaboutthecompany’sfuture,thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.當(dāng)被問到公司的未來的時候，經(jīng)理回答說他依然樂觀。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)respondto…(withsth.)回答，回復(fù)；對……做出反應(yīng)respondthat…回答說……(2)responsen．反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)inresponseto…作為對……的答復(fù)/反應(yīng)makearesponse(to…)(對……)做出回應(yīng)/反應(yīng)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析respond,answer,replyrespond為不及物動詞，指對他人的期望等做出適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)，是最正式的用詞answer為及物動詞，指用文字、語言或行動回答，是最普通的用詞reply為不及物動詞，與answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn’trespond.我問他叫什么名字，可他沒回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答說昨天晚上他的確去過那兒。It’syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.現(xiàn)在該輪到你對這些指控進(jìn)行答辯了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2022·河北邢臺期末)Devices(設(shè)備)thatcanrecognizeandrespond__to__ahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.②(2018·北京改編)Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponse__to__events,andthatiswhywhattriggers(引起)onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.③Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestionaskedatasecuritycheckpoint(安檢員),askthepersontorepeathisquestionuntilyouareabletorespond__with__anaccurateanswer.④Afterall,knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquickly__to__emergencies.⑤Hemadeno__response__(respond)tomyquestion,andwentonwithhismovie.⑥Wecomplainedtothetravelagencyabouttheterribleserviceduringourtrip,butnoone__hasresponded__(respond)bynow.完成句子⑦Howdidthey__respondto__(對……做出反應(yīng))thenews?⑧He__madenoresponseto/didn’trespondto__(沒有回復(fù))mycongratulationletter.4．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Shewasappointed(as/tobe)monitorattheclassmeeting.在班會上她被任命為班長。Shehasrecentlybeenappointedtothecommittee.她最近被任命為委員會的委員。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他們派她去照顧那位老人。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)＋職位某人擔(dān)任……職位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn．任命；委派；約定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人有約keep/breakanappointment守約/違約byappointment按照約定(3)appointedadj.約定的；指定的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Samon，disabled，isattendedthroughouthisschooldaysbyanurse__appointed__(appoint)toguardhim.②Ihatetorushyou，butIhaveanother__appointment__(appoint)．③Tohisjoy,he__wasappointed__(appoint)asmanager.Afterall，thisrepresentedhisability.Andthemomenthereceivedthe__appointment__(appoint)letter,hecalledandmadean__appointment__(appoint)withhisformerteacher，forwhosehelphewasgrateful.④Theagriculturalexpertcanonlybevisited__by__appointment.完成句子⑤Theboardofdirectors__appointedhimtobeasmanager__(任命他為經(jīng)理)．⑥Innocaseshouldwefailto__keepanappointment__(守約)．5．retirevi.&vt.退休；退職；退出；離開(尤指去僻靜處)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mostpeopleretireat60.大多數(shù)人在60歲時退休。Shewasforcedtoretireearlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.由于身體不好她被迫早早地從教學(xué)崗位上退了下來。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午飯后他去了書房。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)retiringadj.將要退休的(2)retiredadj.已退職的；已退休的(3)retirementn．退休；退職retire…from…從……退休retire…as…從……職位上退休retirefromeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(office退職,service退役,theworld脫離社會))aretiredteacher退休教師takeearlyretirement提前退休retirementage退休年齡alongandhappyretirement長久幸福的退休生活resignvt.&vi.辭職；聽任resignfrom辭職resignto托付給；聽任eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2019·北京卷完形)A__retired__(retire)engineer，76-year-oldWilsonhasbeenofferingfreeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.②Atage68,heretired__from__thepostoffice，butheneverstoppedservingthecommunity.③Mysoccercoach__retired__(retire)lastweek.Iwantedtodosomethingspecialforhimathis__retirement__(retire)party.④Afterhe__retired__(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.⑤(2022·浙江卷完形)Burdeyney，atrainednursewhoisstillworkingasapersonaltrainerafter__retirement__(retire)．⑥Hehasagreedtostruggleon,thoughhehopestoretire__from__hisposition.⑦Theywillholdapartyincelebrationofher__retirement__(retire)．⑧Theotherdaya__retired__(retire)couplecametomyoffice.6．scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Theterriblesoundsscaredthechildren.可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。Hedoesn’tscareeasily.他不輕易害怕。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)scaresb.todeath把某人嚇得要死scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scaresb.into/outof(doing)sth.嚇得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人害怕去做某事。(2)scaredadj.害怕的，擔(dān)心的(近義詞：afraid/frightened)bescaredof…害怕/擔(dān)心……bescaredtodeath嚇得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.害怕做某事bescaredthat…害怕(3)scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.突如其來的大火把我們嚇得要死，幸好它被撲滅了，沒有造成很大損失。Shewasscaredtogooutaloneatnightbecauseshewasscaredofbeingbittenbythesnake.她害怕晚上獨自外出因為她害怕被那條蛇咬到。Shedidn’tlikeridingbecauseshewasscaredthatthehorsemightkickher.她不喜歡騎馬因為她害怕馬會踢她。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Iwastoo__scared__(scare)tomove.②Thechildwasscared__of__thefiercelookingdog.③(2019·全國Ⅱ卷完形)JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog，Rosie，butthegunshots__hadscared__(scare)thedogoff.④(2017·北京卷閱讀)“Itwas__scary__(scare)．Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.完成句子⑤Manycustomershavebeen__scaredintobuying__(被嚇得買)organicfood.⑥Thelocalfarmersusedtolightafire__toscareaway/off__(嚇跑)thewolves.⑦Shewas__scaredtogointo__(害怕進(jìn)入)theyardbecauseshewas__scaredofbeingbitten__(害怕被咬)bythebigdoglyingatthegate.7．sharpadj.(增長，下跌等)急劇的；敏銳的；急轉(zhuǎn)的；鋒利的；明顯的adv.(用于時間后表示準(zhǔn)時)(……點)整，準(zhǔn)確地；正好地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Therewasasharpincreaseinunemploymentinthatarealastyear.去年那個地區(qū)的失業(yè)人數(shù)急劇上升。IsuddenlyfeltasharppaininmychestwhileIwasatwork.工作時我突然感到胸口一陣劇痛。Therearebirds,likethemountaineagles,whicheatmeatwiththeirstrongsharpbeaks.有些像山鷹一樣的鳥，用它們強有力的尖喙吃肉。Weheardavoicesingoutinaclear,sharptone.我們聽到了一陣清脆嘹亮的歌聲。Heisajournalistwithanextremelysharpmind.他是個頭腦極其敏銳的新聞記者。Becarefulwiththesharpbendintheroad.小心路上的急轉(zhuǎn)彎。Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8∶00sharpthismorning.她計劃今早8點整打開店門。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展asharpdropintheprices價格暴跌asharpknife一把鋒利的刀asharpcontrast鮮明的對比sharpeyes敏銳的視力asharptongue說話刻薄besharpwith…對……說話刻薄asharpsenseofhumour很強的幽默感asuddensharppain突然的劇痛asharpbend急拐彎Beatmyhomeatsixo’clocksharp,notasecondbeforeorafter.6點鐘準(zhǔn)時到我家，不能早一秒，也不能遲一秒。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))詞語積累(1)sharplyadv.急劇地，大幅度地；嚴(yán)厲地，毫不客氣地fallsharply急劇下降(2)sharpenvt.(使)變得鋒利eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練寫出下列句中sharp的含義①Unfortunately,Icutmyfootonasharpstoneandcaughtmyhaironabranch.__尖的__②Asweallknow，aneaglehassharpeyesight.__敏銳的__③Suddenly，hefeltasharppaininthestomach.__劇烈的__④Hefaintedwhenridingtowork.Thebikemadeasharpturntotheleft.__急轉(zhuǎn)的__單句語法填空⑤Hewassharp__with__hiscolleagueswhentheywerelate.⑥Thepriceofpetrolhasrisen__sharply__(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑦Thepencildoesn’twritewell；Ishould__sharpen__(sharp)itbeforeIdrawthegreatfigure.重點短語1．beeagertodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Allthestudentsinherclassareeagertolearn.她班上的學(xué)生都渴望學(xué)習(xí)。Ourcompanyiseagertoexpandintonewmarkets.我們公司急欲開辟新的市場。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)beeagerforsth.渴求某事物beeagerin熱衷于(2)eagerlyadv.急切地；渴望地；熱心地lookatsb.eagerly急切地看著某人(3)eagernessn．渴望；熱心witheagerness急切地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Facedwiththegoodchance,theyareeager__totake__(take)advantageofit.②Theywerecrowdedinthechurch,eager__for__anynews.③Sheiseager__todress__(dress)upfortheceremony.④His__eagerness__(eager)tofindajobiscleartoeveryone.⑤Thechildren__eagerly__(eager)learnsomethingnewfromtheteachereveryday.⑥Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager__for__knowledgeandeager__tomake__(make)progress,sosheiseager__in__herstudyandisalwayspraisedbyherteachers.2．befacedwith面臨；面對eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Wearefacedwithaseriousproblem.我們面臨著一個嚴(yán)重的問題。Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliarsurroundingswithstrangepeople.她面對著一份全新工作，周圍是陌生的環(huán)境和陌生的人。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展inthefaceofsth.面對(問題、困難等)facetoface面對面地loseface丟臉，失面子saveface保全面子makefaces/aface做鬼臉facethemusic勇于承擔(dān)后果；接受懲罰facethesea面朝大海facenorth/east朝北/朝東lookintheface正視(某人)Let’sfaceit！面對現(xiàn)實吧！eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示befacedwith不表示被動意義，僅表示主語的一種狀態(tài)。作狀語、定語或補語時，要用過去分詞短語facedwith?，F(xiàn)在分詞facing作狀語時，表示“面對，面臨”，其后直接跟賓語，不與介詞with連用。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Tohisjoy,theproblemhewasfaced__with__wasnotsochallenging.②__Faced__(face)withthesepressures,youcanwatchacomedytorelax.解析：可根據(jù)face后有無with判斷face是否用-ed形式。③__Facing__(face)arangeofchoices,hewasataloss.④Theydidn’tgiveup__in__thefaceofdifficulties.⑤EversincethenI’vebeenlongingtomeethimface__to__face.完成句子⑥(全國卷寫作)Highschoolstudents__arefacedwith__achoicebetweenartsandscience.高中生面臨著文理科的選擇。⑦(2020·江蘇卷單選)IfI__hadn’tbeenfacedwith__somanybarriers，Iwouldn’tbewhereIam.如果我沒有面對那么多的障礙，就不會有今天的我(我現(xiàn)在就不會在這個位置上)。⑧TherewasatimewhenIwasupsetaboutsomesmallthingsandmyfriendknewwhatIwentthroughandtalkedwithme__facetoface__．我有一段時間對一些瑣事感到苦惱，我的朋友知道了我的遭遇，面對面地跟我談心。一句多譯⑨面對這一重大變化，大家都深受鼓舞。__Inthefaceof/Facedwith/Facing__thesignificantchange,everyonefeltgreatlyencouraged.3．carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hewastheonlypersonwhocouldcarrythecountrythrough.他是唯一能使國家安然渡過困境之人。It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough.這是一項艱巨的工作，但她這個人是能夠順利完成的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展carrysth.through成功完成，順利完成carryout實施；履行；執(zhí)行carryon繼續(xù)移動carryonsth.從事某事carryondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事carryonwithsth.(carrysth.on)繼續(xù)做某事carryaway運走carryoff贏得；獲得；成功對付carryweight有影響力；重要；有分量eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Hisdeterminationcarriedhim__through__thehardtime.②I’dbegratefulifyouletmecarryon__with__myjob.③Carry__on__untilyougettothecrossing，andyouwillseeashopwhereyoucanbuyenvelopes.④Ifyoucarryon__spending__(spend)moneylikethat,youwillendupindebt.完成句子⑤Wearedeterminedto__carrythrough__(完成)allourplans.⑥Inspiteofthedifficulty,Iwill__carryoutmyplan__(實施我的計劃)．4．beresponsiblefor對……負(fù)責(zé)；作為原因，成為起因eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mikeisresponsiblefordesigningtheentireproject.邁克負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計全部工程。Cigarettesmokingisresponsibleforabout90%ofdeathsfromlungcancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大約90%是吸煙所致。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展responsibilityn．責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)astrongsenseofresponsibility很強的責(zé)任感haveresponsibilityfor負(fù)責(zé)takeresponsibilityfor…對……負(fù)責(zé)It’ssb’sresponsibilitytodosth.干某事是某人的職責(zé)。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Whoisresponsible__for__thetrafficaccidentthathappenedyesterday?②Humanactivityisnotresponsible__for__allwatershortages.完成句子③Weneedto__takeresponsibilityfor__lookingafterourownhealth.我們必須對自己的健康負(fù)責(zé)。④Eachmanager__hasresponsibilityfor__justunder600properties.每位經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)近600處房產(chǎn)。重點句型1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife…對一個人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更珍貴了……(1)句式分析：這是一個簡單句，主語是nothing，is是系動詞，precious是表語。(2)“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級意義該結(jié)構(gòu)的具體用法如下：①構(gòu)成：否定詞＋形容詞或副詞的比較級，有時其后加than②常用的否定詞：nothing，no，not，never，nobody③含義：沒有比……更……，再……不過了—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight?——你覺得昨晚的電影怎么樣？—Itcouldn’tbeworse.——沒有比它更糟糕的了。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.沒有什么比時間更寶貴。Inmyopinion,noexperienceismorevaluablethantheexperiencegainedfromone’sownsweat.在我看來，沒有什么經(jīng)驗比自己通過艱苦努力得來的經(jīng)驗更寶貴。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展比較級形式表達(dá)最高級含義的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：比較級＋than＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),anyoftheother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),anyoftheothers,anyone/anythingelse,alltheother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),alltheothers))eq\a\vs4\al(比其他……,都……)他比他們班上其他任何同學(xué)都要高。Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Heistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.Heistallerthanalltheotherstudentsinhisclass.Nooneinhisclassistallerthanhe.eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示上面的other，others，else是學(xué)習(xí)中很容易忽略的地方，稍不注意就容易出錯。有一個原則是必須遵守的，即同一范圍內(nèi)的比較，比較的對象不能相互包含，需要排除主語本身。Heisclevererthananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比他班里任何別的學(xué)生都聰明。(如果沒有other，句子就錯了，因為“他”也是班里學(xué)生中的一員)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①—Howisyournewbabysitter?—Wecouldn’tfinda__better__(good)one.Allourkidslovehersomuch.②(四川高考單項填空改編)—HowwasyourrecenttriptoSichuan.—I’veneverhada__morepleasant__(pleasant)onebefore.③Asweknow,Tokyois__larger__(large)thananyother__city__(city)inJapan.翻譯句子④(2022·廣東深圳期中)Hownicethemusicsounds!Ihaveneverheardabetterpiece.__這音樂聽起來多好聽??！我從未聽過比這更好的曲子。__⑤NothinggivesmemorepleasurethanlisteningtoMozart.__再沒有比聽莫扎特的樂曲更讓我高興的事了。__句型轉(zhuǎn)換Heisthemosthelpfulstudentinhisclass.⑥Youcan’tfind__amorehelpful__studentinhisclass.⑦Heismorehelpfulthan__anyother__studentinhisclass.⑧Heismorehelpfulthan__alltheother__studentsinhisclass.2．Sheresponded，“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答說：“我寧愿保持單身，終生學(xué)習(xí)！”(1)句式分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句是Sheresponded，后面的直接引語充當(dāng)賓語從句。(2)wouldrather意為“寧愿；寧可；還是……為好”。IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.Iwouldratherbeinprison!我說了我一分鐘也忍受不了了，我寧愿待在監(jiān)獄里！eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)wouldratherdo…thando…寧愿做……而不愿做……＝woulddo…ratherthando…＝prefertodo…ratherthando…(2)wouldrather(not)do/havedone…寧愿(不)做……(3)wouldrather＋從句I’drathernotgoclimbingthisweekend.Also,I’dratheryoustayedhomeandreadnovelswithme.這周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想讓你和我一起待在家中看小說。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示wouldrather后接從句時，若表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反，從句用一般過去時；若表示與過去情況相反，從句用過去完成時。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Shewouldrather__move__(move)toanothercityimmediately.②Janewouldrather__havebeen__(be)morecarefulatthattime.③I’dratheryou__met__(meet)herattheairporttomorrowmorning.④Hecomplainedthathe’dratherhe__hadbeen__(be)morestrictwithusthen.⑤Tomwouldratherliveanindependentlife__than__relyonhisparents.完成句子⑥Iwouldwalkthedogaftersupper__ratherthan__(而不是)athome.⑦_(dá)_Ratherthan__(而不是)takeabustoschool,Iprefertogoonfoot.句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑧I’dratherhaveatrythanwaitdoingnothing.→I__would__haveatryratherthanwaitdoingnothing.⑨Iwouldratherhavehiredhimasmysecretarylastyear.→IwouldratherI__hadhired__himasmysecretarylastyear.3．SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她立即成為第一個被聘為PUMC醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科住院醫(yī)師的女性。(1)句式分析：這是一個簡單句。主語是She，became是系動詞，thefirstwoman是表語，不定式tobehired作后置定語，修飾woman。LiMingisoftenthefirststudenttoarriveatschoolinthemorning.李明經(jīng)常是早晨第一個到校的學(xué)生。(2)不定式(短語)作后置定語的情況：①被修飾詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時；②不定代詞something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定語；③抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定語；④被修飾詞前有theonly，thevery，thenext等詞對其進(jìn)行修飾時；⑤表示將要發(fā)生的動作時(既有主動形式，又有被動形式)；⑥therebe句型中，作主語的名詞后可接不定式作定語。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromBeijing.下一趟到達(dá)的火車來自北京。Gethimsomethingtoeat.給他拿點東西吃。Ihavenocouragetotryagainafterfailure.失敗后我沒有勇氣再去嘗試一次。Sheistheonlywomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.她是唯一一位當(dāng)選這個職位的女性。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒什么可擔(dān)心的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①XuHaifengisthefirstChineseathlete__toget__(get)Olympicgoldmedal.②Shewasthefirstgirlinourschool__tobeadmitted__(admit)toTsinghuaUniversity.一句多譯她總是第一個回答問題。③Sheisalwaysthefirst__toanswerquestions__．(用不定式作定語)④Sheisalwaysthefirst__whoanswersquestions__．(定語從句)4．Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有時人們甚至?xí)吹剿T著毛驢到遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊給人看病。(1)句式分析：這是一個簡單句。she是主語，wasseen是謂語，ridingadonkey是動詞-ing形式作主語補足語。(2)“感官動詞＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)：常見的感官動詞有l(wèi)isten,watch,look,observe,see,notice,hear,feel等?！案泄賱釉~＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形式：感官動詞＋,賓語＋)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(do（表示動作發(fā)生的全過程，在被動語態(tài),中，省掉的to要還原）,doing（表示動作正在進(jìn)行或一直發(fā)生）,done（表示動作已經(jīng)完成）))Hewasseentoworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天有人看見他在花園里干活了。Iheardsomeoneopeningthecabinet.我聽見有人在開柜子。Sheiswatchingthecomputerbeingrepaired.她在看別人修電腦。Wefeltthegroundunderourfeetcavein.我們感覺腳下的土地下陷了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Ilookedupandsawabeautifulbird__standing__(stand)onabranch.②Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanypotsofgoodquality__made__(make)aftergreateffort.③Hiscolleaguewasseen__entering__(enter)thebuildingatthatmoment.④Isawtheoldman__disappear__(disappear)inthedistance.⑤Theoldmanwasseen__todisappear__(disappear)inthedistance.⑥Thechildrennoticedthethief__taken__(take)awaybyagroupofpolicemen.⑦(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷語法填空)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds__surrounding__(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.⑧(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷語法填空)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__decorated__(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.完成句子⑨__Seeingthesunrising__(看見太陽升起)abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.⑩Whenhe__sawallhispaperslying__(看見所有的文件散落)hereandthereonthefloor,hebegantogetangry.5．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.雖然林巧稚從未結(jié)婚，她卻被稱為“一萬個孩子的媽媽”，一生中接生了5萬多個孩子。(1)句式分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句是shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，前面是though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。havingdelivered…是動詞-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作狀語。(2)動詞-ing形式的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作，常用作狀語，一般不能作后置定語，但可作非限制性的后置定語。Thisquestion,havingbeendiscussedformorethan2years,hasnowbeensolved.討論了兩年多的這個問題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了。(定語)Iwasunabletoacceptyourinvitation,havingpromisedtoaccompanymymothertotheconcert.我因已答應(yīng)陪我母親去音樂會而不能接受你的邀請。(原因狀語)Havingfinishedtheletter,hefoldeditandputitintotheenvelope.寫完信后，他把信折起來裝進(jìn)了信封。(時間狀語)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①__Havingseen__(see)thefilmtwice，Idecidedtostayathome.②__Havinganswered__(answer)theteacher’squestions，shesatdownandfeltmuchmorerelaxed.隨堂達(dá)標(biāo)驗收Ⅰ．單詞拼寫1．Caringfortheelderlyisatraditional__virtue__(美德)，whichwillcontributetoaharmonioussociety.2．Infact,manybigcompaniesinourcityarehopingto__hire__(雇用)peoplelikeyou.3．So__precious__(寶貴)istimethatwecan’taffordtowasteit.4．School__staff__(職員)andstudentscanenjoyreadingonthesecondandthethirdfloors.5．__Kindergartens__(幼兒園)andprimaryschoolsshoulddomoretoteachthekidstoberesponsiblecitizens.6．Asweallknow,respectingparentsisoneofChina’straditional__moral__(道德)values.7．Usuallypopularsciencebooksexplainbasic__principles__(原則)ofnatureinasimpleandinterestingway.8．Youcanapplyfor__scholarships__(獎學(xué)金)oftheuniversitywhereyoustudy.9．Thatwillgiveustimetosellit__elsewhere__(在別處)ifyouarenotinterested.10．Inagood__marriage__(結(jié)婚)，bothhusbandandwifeworkhardtosolveanyproblems.Ⅱ．選詞填空themajorityof,appoint…as,complainabout,holdanelection,beentrustedwith,bescaredof,replace…with,beresponsiblefor,carry…through,respondto1．Itwasthestaff’scouragethat__carried__them__through__．2．Youdidn’tpayattentiontothefactthathewastooyoungto__beentrustedwith__suchatask.3．__Themajorityof__peopleattendingtheweddingaredressedinfancystyles.4．Thewriterrepresentstheyoungmanasonewhoisalways__complainingabout__thefailuresandtroubleso