第六講　從立意高度審視題目對(duì)接“價(jià)值引領(lǐng)”妙殺題目

第六講從立意高度審視題目，對(duì)接“價(jià)值引領(lǐng)”妙殺題目高考將“立德樹人、服務(wù)選才、引導(dǎo)教學(xué)”的核心功能融入命題選材中，圍繞人與自我、人與社會(huì)和人與自然三大主題語境選材，命題關(guān)注社會(huì)、聚焦時(shí)代，滲透“五育”教育，培育全面發(fā)展的時(shí)代新人。我們?cè)陂喿x文章、解答題目時(shí)，一定要準(zhǔn)確把握命題人的選材意圖和考查目的，從素養(yǎng)立意的高度上無限接近命題人，占領(lǐng)思維高地。那些體現(xiàn)文章核心觀點(diǎn)的、積極的、正能量的選項(xiàng)往往是正確選項(xiàng)。一、人與自我類高考文章多從“個(gè)人生活”“健康的生活方式”“學(xué)校生活”“語言學(xué)習(xí)”“做人做事”等方面選材。文章內(nèi)容通常是引導(dǎo)考生養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式、積極的生活態(tài)度，形成優(yōu)秀品行、正確的人生觀和價(jià)值觀等?！叭伺c自我”中的人物故事是高考新課標(biāo)中的重要話題，高考命題人選材青睞于催人奮進(jìn)的感人故事或是富有哲理的、令人深思的故事。因此，考生要多從積極的、正能量的方向去獲取文章大意和寫作意圖。[典例]

(2022·全國甲卷·閱讀C篇)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotake_the_plunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo，”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous.Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas，”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(一)命題立意——高度把握本文是一篇記敘文，選材屬于“人與自我”范疇。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBazlinton從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的愛，渴望探險(xiǎn)，在她不再跳舞，且孩子們都成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年開始了前往南極洲的旅程。語篇中所描述的人物故事積極向上，充滿正能量，在思想和行動(dòng)上為考生樹立了榜樣。命題人選擇此文的目的是引導(dǎo)考生在真實(shí)的生活體驗(yàn)中感受夢(mèng)想的偉大，鼓勵(lì)考生樹立高遠(yuǎn)志向，認(rèn)同只要有夢(mèng)想就要努力去追尋，具有積極樂觀、不斷追求更好的自我的人生態(tài)度。因而，考生在做題的時(shí)候，一定要多從這個(gè)方面去考慮正確答案。(二)思量?jī)r(jià)值——妙殺題目28．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Trychallengingthings.B．Takeadegree.C．Bringbacklostmemories.D．Sticktoapromise.分析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer...shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.”可知，在她的舞蹈演員職業(yè)生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索。在她不再跳舞且她的兒子們最終成家立業(yè)后，她決定是時(shí)候冒險(xiǎn)了。據(jù)此可以判斷，taketheplunge意為“嘗試具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”。故選A。29．WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A．Lovelypenguins.B．Beautifulscenery.C．Adiscountfare.D．Afriend'sinvitation.分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscovered...thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.”可知，打折的船票使她決定到南極洲旅行。故選C。30．WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A．Itcouldbeahomeforher.B．Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C．Itshouldbewellpreserved.D．Itneedstobefullyintroduced.分析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，意識(shí)到這是一塊寶貴的土地，應(yīng)該受到人類的尊重，這是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。據(jù)此可推斷，Ginni認(rèn)為南極洲應(yīng)該受到很好的保護(hù)。故選C。31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Achildhooddream.B．Anunforgettableexperience.C．Sailingaroundtheworld.D．MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.分析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了GinniBazlinton去南極洲旅行的經(jīng)歷；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中GinniBazlinton對(duì)南極洲之旅的評(píng)價(jià)：thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas可知，去南極洲旅行讓她非常難忘。故選B。二、人與社會(huì)類高考文章多從“社會(huì)交往”“人際關(guān)系”“體育活動(dòng)”“志愿服務(wù)”“文化淵源”“科技發(fā)展”等方面選材。這些文章的內(nèi)容通常是引導(dǎo)考生建立良好的人際關(guān)系與社會(huì)交往；熱衷于公益事業(yè)與志愿服務(wù)；正確理解中外文化交流和差異，具有跨文化意識(shí)；能夠以尊重文化多樣性的方式調(diào)適交際策略；領(lǐng)悟世界文化的多樣性和豐富性，具有人類命運(yùn)共同體意識(shí)；分析、鑒別文化現(xiàn)象所反映的價(jià)值取向，自覺堅(jiān)定文化自信；汲取優(yōu)秀文化，具有正確的價(jià)值觀、健康的審美情趣和道德情感；了解科技發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，培養(yǎng)熱愛科學(xué)的意識(shí)。[典例]

(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀C篇)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid：“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembark_ontheproject,said：“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said：“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(一)命題立意——高度把握本文是一篇說明文，選材屬于“人與社會(huì)”范疇。文章主要介紹了倫敦的一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)推出的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的項(xiàng)目——養(yǎng)母雞。該項(xiàng)目通過讓護(hù)理院的老人養(yǎng)母雞，來減少他們的孤獨(dú)感并以此來提高他們的幸福感。本文的主題非常符合我們所弘揚(yáng)的尊老愛幼的中華傳統(tǒng)美德，語篇向考生展示了中外文化的交融。命題人選擇此文的目的是培養(yǎng)考生的跨文化意識(shí)，從而引導(dǎo)考生正確理解我國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，堅(jiān)定文化自信，形成文化自覺?？忌诮獯痤}目時(shí)，需要從文章內(nèi)容出發(fā)，了解英國倫敦這家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)推出的這個(gè)獨(dú)特的“養(yǎng)母雞”項(xiàng)目的目的和人們對(duì)它的評(píng)價(jià)。(二)思量?jī)r(jià)值——妙殺題目28．Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A．Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B．Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C．Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D．Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題意在考查學(xué)生理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.”可知，該項(xiàng)目的目的是減少老人的孤獨(dú)感并提高老人的幸福感。故選D。29．HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A．Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B．Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C．Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D．Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題意在考查學(xué)生理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第五段中的“I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目讓RuthXavier覺得她自己做了有用的事情，并獲得了成就感。故選B。30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve.

B．Oppose.C．Begin. D．Evaluate.分析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線短語所在的句子“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet...said：‘Residentsreallywelcome...topeoplehere.’”可知，WendyWilson是第一批開始做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人之一，所以畫線短語意為“開始”。故選C。31．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itiswellreceived.B．Itneedstobemorecreative.C．Itishighlyprofitable.D．Ittakesagestoseetheresults.分析：推理判斷題。本題意在考查學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單推理的能力。倒數(shù)第二段中的“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.”提到，居民們非常歡迎這個(gè)項(xiàng)目和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議的想法；最后一段中的“Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”提到了該項(xiàng)目的好處，由此可推知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目獲得的反響很好。故選A。三、人與自然類高考文章多從“人與環(huán)境”“人與動(dòng)植物”等方面選材。這些文章的內(nèi)容通常是引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注生態(tài)、保護(hù)環(huán)境，提高人與自然共處的意識(shí)。文章一般是說明文，先提出一種自然現(xiàn)象，接著分析形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因，最后提出解決方法。因而，考生在解答此類問題時(shí)，要多從自然環(huán)境保護(hù)、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、人與環(huán)境和諧相處、人與動(dòng)植物和諧共存等方面去考慮正確答案。[典例]

(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀B篇)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”(一)命題立意——高度把握本文是一篇記敘文，選材屬于“人與自然”范疇。JohnTodd從小就喜歡觀察大自然，并被自然的修復(fù)能力折服。大學(xué)時(shí)期經(jīng)過專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)之后，John通過實(shí)驗(yàn)找到了合適的生態(tài)組合，發(fā)明出了“生態(tài)機(jī)器”，并解決了很多實(shí)際的污水凈化問題。語篇向考生呈現(xiàn)了人與自然之間的共存關(guān)系。本文在選材上積極引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注人類社會(huì)所面臨的熱點(diǎn)問題——環(huán)境問題，培養(yǎng)考生與自然和諧共生、保護(hù)自然環(huán)境的意識(shí)，使考生能夠增強(qiáng)責(zé)任感、緊迫感和使命感?？忌诮獯痤}目時(shí)，需要從文章主題出發(fā)，站在人與自然和諧共生的角度，圍繞文章立意辯證地思考問題。(二)思量?jī)r(jià)值——妙殺題目24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“observinghownaturesolvedproblems”“Whenhegotolder...themessespeopleweremaking.”和第二段中的“Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions”以及第二段中的兩個(gè)問題可以看出，John擁有研究事物的好奇心，善于思考。故選C。25．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanim