熱考主題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一) 創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)

熱考主題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)(限時(shí)30分鐘)A(2023·張家口一模)BlynnShidelerarrivedatStanfordwithanaward-winninghealthdevice.Thedeviceaddressesaneedinthecerebralpalsycommunity.Often,kidswithcerebralpalsy—agroupofdisordersthataffectmovement,balance,andposture—needdailysessionswithaphysicaltherapist(治療專家)tobuildstrengthandimprovemotorskills.StudyingbioengineeringatColumbiaUniversity,Shidelerthoughttheremustbeabetterway.Heworkedwithotherstudentstodesignadevicethatwouldmakeiteasierforthesekidstoperformtheirtherapyexercisesathome,oranywhere.TheresultwasBUDI—theBiofeedbackUpper-limbDeviceforImpairment—abracelet(手環(huán))withsensorsthattrackedmotionandprovidedfeedbackonhowtheuserscouldadjusttheirmovements.BUDIwasnamed“MostOutstandingDesignProjectfromColumbiaBiomedicalEngineering”．AteenagerinOhioreachedoutandsaid,“IhaveCP,sawyourproductandwouldlovetoseeifitworksonme.”ButShidelerhadnobraceletstogivehim.Histeamhadonlybuilttwosamples.So,inspiredbythatmessagefromsomeonehedidn'tknowlivingacrossthecountry，ShidelersetouttoproduceBUDIonalargerscale(規(guī)模)．In2021,ShidelergotinvolvedinStanfordSchoolofMedicineandplannedtostartaprogramthatwouldgivechildrenwithcerebralpalsytheopportunitytotrytechnologiesforimprovingmobility.HegotapermissionfromtheFDA'sPediatricDeviceConsortiumtodevelopwearabledevices.ShideleralsoattendedanintroductorysessionforCardinalKit,anopen-sourcedplatformdesignedbyStanfordresearchersforcodingdigitalhealthresearchprojects.“Ilearnedaboutbuildinganappandwhatwecandowiththesensorsonsmartwatchesandphones，”hesaid.“MaybeBUDIcouldbedesignedassoftwareonasmartwatchratherthanbuildingbracelets.”IfkidsanywherecoulddownloadBUDIintheappstore,Shidelerthought,theycouldhavephysicaltherapyondemandontheirwrists.Itwouldgivethemsomeautonomy,helptackleproblemscreatedbyashortageinphysicaltherapists,andreducethestressontheirfamilies.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了布林·希德勒發(fā)明的一種為腦癱患者治療練習(xí)用的可穿戴設(shè)備。1．What'sShideler'spurposeofinventingBUDI?A．Tomakeafortune.B．Tohelpwiththerapists'job.C．TogetadmittedtoStanford.D．Tomaketreatmenteasierforsomepatients.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shidelerthoughttheremustbeabetterway.Heworked...makeiteasierforthesekidstoperformtheirtherapyexercisesathome,oranywhere.”可知，希德勒發(fā)明BUDI的目的是讓一些病人更容易接受治療。2．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheteenagerinOhio?A．HewantedtotryBUDI.B．HethoughthighlyofBUDI.C．HevisitedShidelerinperson.D．HejoinedShideler'sresearchteam.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AteenagerinOhioreachedoutandsaid,‘IhaveCP,sawyourproductandwouldlovetoseeifitworksonme.’”可知，他想試試BUDI。3．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．ThepopularityofBUDI.B．BUDI'sinfluenceonShideler.C．Shideler'seffortstoproducemoreBUDIs.D．Shideler'sachievementinthemedicalfield.解析：選C段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，第四段主要講述了希德勒為生產(chǎn)更多BUDI所做的努力。4．What'sShideler'sexpectationforBUDIinthefuture?A．Itwillhavemorefunctions.B．Itcanbemoreavailableforusers.C．Itcanhelpfamiliespreventcerebralpalsy.D．Itcanberecognizedbyphysicaltherapists.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IfkidsanywherecoulddownloadBUDIintheappstore...andreducethestressontheirfamilies.”可知，希德勒對BUDI未來的期望是它可以讓更多的用戶能使用它。錯(cuò)因：本題易誤選A。部分考生根據(jù)“MaybeBUDIcouldbedesignedassoftwareonasmartwatchratherthanbuildingbracelets.”而誤認(rèn)為Shideler的期望是BUDI將會(huì)有更多的功能。分析：選項(xiàng)A屬于“片面推斷”。根據(jù)最后一段可判斷BUDI將會(huì)有更多的功能，這是毋庸置疑的，但這不是Shideler的期望。本題需要綜合最后一段的信息進(jìn)行推斷，應(yīng)該是讓更多的用戶受益。對文章信息進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，作出合理適度的推斷，切忌片面思考或過度推斷。[謹(jǐn)防最易錯(cuò)的那一個(gè)]B(2023·延安一模)Thereisnothingquitelikeenjoyingthesights,soundsandcultureofacitywhiletastingacupofcoffeeoutdoors.Butitisnotthatenjoyablewhenheatwavessweepthecity.AnoutdoorcoolingsystemproducedbyKinonko,anIsraeli(以色列的)company,begantobetestedinTelAviv.Theswelteringcityisaperfectplacetotrythenewtechnology.Withglobalwarmingheatingupthetemperature,itwillsoonbetoohottositoutsideincafes.Whileoutdoorcoolingsystemshaveexistedforawhile,mostofthemusesomesortofwaterormistingsystemtocooltheairaroundthem,consumingtoomuchwaterandpower.Aftertwoyearsofdevelopment,theperfectsolutiontotheproblemwasfound.“Wehaveinventedanewgenerationofairconditioner,”KinonkoCEOLeizersaid.AsLeizerintroduced,theenergyisfromthepressurecreatedbetweenliquidnitrogen(氮)andgasnitrogen.Whenliquidnitrogenat－196degreesturnsintogas,itproducesaverystrongpressureandthepressureisusedtorunamechanicalengine.Itisthatmechanicalenginethatslowlyreleasesfreezingnitrogengastocooldowntheairaroundit.Thetechnologyisuniqueandamazing.Beyondthecoolnessoftheconcept,italsohasotheradvantages.Theworkunitdoesn'tneedtobepower-driven,anddoesn'tblowoutharmfulwarmairasitworks.Asforthepotentialprice,itwillprobablybenomoreexpensivethananyotherairconditioner.Inaddition,theliquidnitrogencontainerwillneedtobereplacedeveryseventotendays,dependingonusage.Thismakesitanaffordableoptionforallsortsofbusinesses.Thecoolingsystemisexpectedtobeonthemarketin2024.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了開始進(jìn)入測試階段的一種室外冷卻系統(tǒng)。這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)有望在2024年投入市場，使人們在炎熱的天氣下，能夠重享在室外喝咖啡的快樂。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweltering”meaninParagraph1?A．Warm. B．Dry.C．Hot. D．Freezing.解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butitisnotthatenjoyablewhenheatwavessweepthecity.”可知，這座城市是非常悶熱的。由此可知，“Theswelteringcity”指的是這座悶熱的城市，畫線詞sweltering意為“悶熱的”。6．Whatproblemdoestheexistingoutdoorcoolingsystemshave?A．Theyarewasteful.B．Theyoverheateasily.C．Theyoftenbreakdown.D．Theyareslowtocooltheair.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whileoutdoorcoolingsystemshaveexisted...consumingtoomuchwaterandpower.”可知，現(xiàn)在的室外冷卻系統(tǒng)消耗過多的水和電力，是比較浪費(fèi)的。7．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlyexplain?A．Whatpowerstheengine.B．Whatturnsliquidintogas.C．Howthepressureisformed.D．Howthenewsystemworks.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenliquidnitrogen...thepressureisusedtorunamechanicalengine.”可知，該段主要描述了這種新的冷卻系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。8．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topromoteacompany.B．Tosettleanenergycrisis.C．Tointroduceatechnology.D．Tomarketamistingsystem.解析：選C推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中的“AnoutdoorcoolingsystemproducedbyKinonko,anIsraeli(以色列的)company,begantobetestedinTelAviv.”可知，本文的主要目的是向人們介紹一種新的室外冷卻技術(shù)。C(2023·泰安一模)Howcanpeoplespeaktheirmindwithoutsayinganything?Thisisaquestionthatscientistshaveaimedtoanswerforalongtime.Researchersrecentlybroughtanupgradeddevicethatcantranslateusers'brainwavesintodailyspeech.Previously,theteamledbyEdwardChangattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,developedanAI-basedsystemthatcanidentifyupto50commonlyusedwordsbasedontheparticipant'sbrainwaves.Theparticipantwasaparalyzed(癱瘓的)manwhohadbeenimplantedwith16electrodes(電極)underhisskull.AccordingtotheirpaperpublishedinNovember,theteamupgradedthesystemwhichcannowtranslatethoughtsintocompletesentencesonacomputerscreen.Theirtestsshowedthatthedevicecoulddecodesilentlyspokenlettersfroma1,152-wordvocabularyataspeedofabout29charactersperminute.Theaccuracywasupto94percent.“Itshowsstrongpromiseforrestoringcommunicationbytappingintothebrain'snaturalspeechmachinery，”Changsaidtotheuniversity'snewswebsite.However,thismethodcanstillbeproblematicsinceusersstillneedtoundergosurgery.ScientistsattheUniversityofTexas,US,havetriedtotranslatepeople'sthoughtswithouteventouchingtheirheads,reportedLiveScience.ThenewtechniqueiscalledfMRI,orfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(功能性磁共振成像)．It'sasaferwayof“reading”brainactivity.Activebraincellshavemoreoxygen.Bytrackingthesecells,scientistscantranslatebrainactivity.Theteamaskedparticipantstolistento16hoursofradioshowswhilescanningtheirbrains.Thentheyusedacomputeralgorithm(算法)tocreateastorybasedonthefMRIrecording.Itmatchedtheradioshowsprettywell.Also,thealgorithmcouldbasicallyexplainthestoryofasilentmoviethattheparticipantswatched.Theteamaimstodevelopthistechnologysothatitcanbeusedinbrain-computerinterfaces(腦機(jī)接口)designedforpeoplewhocannotspeakortype.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一款基于人工智能系統(tǒng)的升級設(shè)備，研究人員用該設(shè)備可以將人類腦電波轉(zhuǎn)換成日常語言。9．WhatdoweknowaboutthedevicementionedinParagraph2?A．Itwasimplantedintoaman'sheart.B．Itcanhelprestorepatients'lostmemory.C．Itwasdevelopedthroughcooperation.D．Itcanidentifyabout50rarelyusedwords.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，該設(shè)備是由EdwardChang領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)出來的，是通過合作發(fā)展起來的。10．HowdoesfMRI“read”people'sminds?A．Bytrackingtheiractivebraincells.B．Byputtingelectrodesintotheirbrains.C．Byrecordingtheirreactiontoradioshows.D．Bymatchingtheirbrainactivitywiththeirhabits.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Activebraincellshavemoreoxygen.Bytrackingthesecells,scientistscantranslatebrainactivity.”可知，fMRI是通過追蹤活躍的腦細(xì)胞去讀懂人們的思想的。11．WhyisfMRIchosencomparedtothefirstdevicementionedinthestory?A．It'scheaper. B．It'smoreaccurate.C．It'ssmallerinsize. D．It'ssafer.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“ThenewtechniqueiscalledfMRI...asaferwayof‘reading’brainactivity.”可知，該設(shè)備比之前的設(shè)備更加安全。12．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutfMRIfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itcanonlyreadwhatparticipantshear.B．Itcanbeusedinbrain-computerinterfaces.C．Itcanreadeverydetailofparticipants'minds.D．Itcannotworkoutwhatpeopleimagineintheirheads.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段內(nèi)容可知，它可以用于腦機(jī)接口。D(2023·杭州二模)ChatGPT,designedbyOpenAItocarryonconversationsjustlikehumans,hasbecomeaviralexcitement.TheAI-poweredtoolwentfromzerotoamillionusersinjustfivedays!Itsabilitytoprovidein-depthanswerstousers'questionshasevendrawntheattentionofdistinguishedtechnologycompanies.Theintelligentrobotunderstandswhattheusersaysortypesandthenrespondsinawaythatmakessense.ItsvastbodyofknowledgehasbeengatheredfromtheInternetandarchivedbooks.Itisfurthertrainedbyhumans.ThismakesChatGPTausefultoolforresearchingalmostanytopic.“WehavealotofinformationontheInternet,butyounormallyhavetoGoogleit,thenreaditandthendosomethingwithit，”saysRicardo,chiefscienceofficerandco-founderofAIcompany,Erudit.“Nowyou'llhavethisresourcethatcanprocessthewholeInternetandalloftheinformationitcontainsforyoutoansweryourquestion.”ChatGPTcannotthinkonitsown.Itdependsontheinformationthatithasbeentrainedon.Asaresult,theAItoolworkswellforthingsthathaveaccuratedataavailable.However,whenunsure,ChatGPTcangetcreativeandflowoutincorrectresponses.OpenAIcautionsuserstochecktheinformationnomatterhowlogicalitsounds.Also,ChatGPThasonlybeentrainedwithinformation.Hence,itcannotberelieduponforanythingthathappenedafterthat.ExpertsbelieveChatGPThaslimitlesspotentialtosolvereal-worldproblems.Itcantranslatelongtextsintodifferentlanguages,createcontentonalmostanytopic,andevensummarizebooks.However,ChatGPThasreceivedmixedreactionsfromeducators.Somebelieveitcouldserveasavaluabletooltohelpbuildliteracyskillsintheclassroom.Itcouldalsobeusedtoteachstudentsdifficultscienceormathconcepts.ButothereducatorsthinkChatGPTwillencouragestudentstocheat.Theyfearthiswillpreventthemfrombuildingcriticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskills.Asaresult,manydistrictsarestartingtobanitsuseinschools.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能ChatGPT，包括其特點(diǎn)、存在的問題以及人們對ChatGPT的看法。13．WhatistheuniquefeatureofChatGPT?A．Ithasartificialintelligence.B．Itcananswerusers'questions.C．Ithasthelargestnumberofusers.D．Itcanengageinmeaningfulconversations.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句以及第二段中的“Theintelligentrobotunderstandswhattheusersaysortypesandthenrespondsinawaythatmakess