2022年中考英語專題復習形容詞副詞導學案

2022年中考英語專題復習形容詞副詞導學案形容詞的概念：概念用法位置形容詞是用來說明人或事物的特征、性質或狀態(tài)的詞。作定語放在名詞______(前、后),不定代詞________(前、后)；作表語放在________動詞之后；作賓補放在賓語后，常與make,keep等動詞連用；考點一、形容詞的用法：1、作定語①Thisisaninterestingbook.②Ihavenothingimportanttotellyou.③Theclassroomisthreemeterslong.and5meterswide(五米寬)觀察①②句，形容詞作定語時放在名詞(前、后)，放在不定代詞(前、后);觀察③句，表長、高、寬、深等度量的形容詞的結構為：________+單位量詞+________（填詞性）2、作表語①Theworkisdifficult.②Shelookshappytoday.difficult是形容詞，放在后面，作表語。常見的系動詞有：______________________________3、作賓語補足語觀察劃線部分總結歸納make/keep/find/think跟賓補的句型，寫在其后橫線上。①Itmademevppytoreceivetheletter.②Pleasekeeptheroomclean.③Ifinditveryiful.④Theyallthinkthestudentclever.及時訓練：Shealwaysmakesus(sad,sadly)考點二、形容詞、副詞的比較等級和形式構成1、形容詞、副詞一般有三個等級，即（如big,bigger,biggest）。2、比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則：(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)比較級加，最高級加。①直接加er,如：tall----;fast---②以e結尾加r..如：fine---;nice---③以重讀閉音節(jié)加輔音字母結尾的詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-er.構成比較級，加-est構成最高級；?？嫉闹刈x閉音節(jié)詞有：如：hot---;thin---；wet---fat__________--___________;big________--_________;red_______--________sad_________--____________;④以“輔音字母+y”的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i,再加-er.如：happy---;early---⑤部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前面加more構成比較級，在其前面加most構成最高級。如：difficult_______--_________carefully_____--_______注意：形容詞最高級前一般要加the,副詞最高級經(jīng)常省略the。注意：形容詞最高級前一般要加the,副詞最高級經(jīng)常省略the。⑥切記：以形容詞+ly結尾的副詞，都加more,most構成比較級、最高級clearly—_____________—__________slowly—______________—______________3、不規(guī)則變化：A.下列單、雙音節(jié)形容詞只用用more和most構成比較級和最高級tired(累的)____________________--__________________pleased(高興的)______________________--_______________________B.特殊變化：（參照《贏在中考》P17，要求先背誦，然后不看資料，自我檢測，再進行核對）①bad(壞的)/ill（有病的）--②many(許多)/much--③good(好的)/well(健康的)--④far(遠的)/--/⑤old(年歲大的)/--/⑥little(少的)--注意：farther是指距離或時間上"注意：farther是指距離或時間上"更遠的''；further是指程度上進一步的older，用于各種人和物的比較；elder只用于談論家庭中的成員；及時訓練：1.My___brotheris__thanme.(older，elder)2.Beijingis___thanZhejiangfromShanghai.(farther、further)3.Somestudentsgoabroadfor___studies.(farther、further)考點三、形容詞的構成名詞加后綴-ful或-y、去e+y、直接+ly構成Eg:1)use-useful,care--;hope--;beauty--;2)wind-windy,health--,noise--;friend--;love--數(shù)詞-名詞（單數(shù)）構成復合形容詞（比如：a6-year-oldboy）Eg:一個八歲的男孩：______；一個長達兩個月的課程(course)-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞1)-ing形容詞表示“令人…..”,表主動意義，一般修飾。如：boringciting_；interesting；surprising______________2)-ed形容詞表示“感到…..”，表被動含義，一般修飾。如：bored；excited_______；interested；surprised_______________考點四：副詞構成：副詞的概念：常用來修飾、、的詞或整句。(一)形容詞、副詞詞形的變化規(guī)律。形容詞變成副詞的變化規(guī)律：1、直接由形容詞加-1y構成。如：①.quiet---，②.slow---,③.bad---2、以輔音字母+le結尾的詞，去-e加-y.如：①e---,②.gentle--,③.terrible---3、以e結尾的adj.，一般都保留e,直接+ly如：①plete—__________②.nice—__________③.polite--_____________4、以輔音字母+y結尾的詞，改-y為i,再加-ly.如：①.easy---,②.happy---,③.busy---5、其他變化形式：full-fully(完全地)，true---truly(確實地).6、不帶-ly的常用副詞有：well,fast,hard,high,straight.等。注意：hardly的副詞。hardly譯為“”；hard作形容詞是“”意思，常用詞組haveahardtime(in)doingsth.做某事有困難；作副詞是“”的意思，常用詞組:work/studyhard.有些以ly結尾的詞是形容詞不是副詞：日常的___,可愛的__,友好的___孤獨的,丑陋的,活潑的，生動的；likely______；每周一次的_______及時訓練：()①MrsSmithhasacutebaby.ItoftensmilesatpeopleA.friendlyB.lovelyC.happilyD.lively（二）.“動詞+副詞”如果代詞作賓語，則代詞一定要放在該詞組中間，名詞作賓語可以放中間，也可以放在后面。.:Putthiscoaton.Putonthiscoat.Putiton.但“動詞+介詞”，這種結構的賓語不管是名詞或代詞都只能放在介詞后面。初中階段常見的詞組如下：e.__________；lookafter__________；看…__________；聽…___________；hearof___________；hearfrom__________；從事于_____________；考慮___________；想起__________；careabout在乎；嘲笑___________；.:Pleaselistentomecarefully.考點五、常考副詞的用法also,too,either,neitherHehasfinishedhispaper(論文).Ihavealsofinishedmine.他完成他的論文，我也完成了我的。=Hehasfinishedhispaper(論文).Ihave,too.【歸納】also用于（肯定/否定），用于（句中/末），too用于（肯定/否定），用于（句中/末）；Hecan’tswim.Ican’t,either.他不會游泳，我也不會。=Hecan’tswim.NeithercanI.【歸納】either用于（肯定/否定），用于（句中/末），neither用于（肯定/否定），用于（句中/末/首），要倒裝。Eitheryoeissupposedtohaveameeting.Neitheryounorheiswrong.【歸納】either…or…譯為；neither…nor…譯為___；連接兩個主語用原則，有同樣用法的還有。howoften,howlong,howsoon1、---Howoftendoyouplaysports?---Everyday./Onceaweek.2、---Howlongyoubeeninthiscity?---Fortenyears/Sincetenyearsago.3、---Howsoonwillhecomeback?---Inhalfanhour.【歸納】howoften譯為__，常用于問，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時；howlong譯為__，常用回答，常用___（時態(tài)）howsoon譯為__，常用回答，常用__（時態(tài)）(三)good,well1、Heisagoodplayer.Hecanplaybasketballverywell2、I’mnotfeelingwellnow.Imustseeadoctoratonce.【歸納】good作形容詞，意為“好的”。句1中，well作_________(填詞性)時，意為“好地“，常用來修飾___________(填詞性)；句2中，well作__________(填詞性)時，意為“好的，健康的”，側重指身體狀況；(四)enough1、Hewalksslowlyenough.Thisarticleisdifficultenoughtowrite.【歸納】上面兩個例句中enou充當形容詞或副詞的修飾語，必須放在其______(前、后)；可構成結構：…+adj./adv.+enough+_____________(填動詞形式)；中考英語之形容詞和副詞的比較等級(★為不?？贾R點)1.中考怎么考？1.—DoyouhavethenewsaboutAnna?—IwastehadgoneabroadonJune15th,butIdon’tknowwhethersheistherenow.latestB.funniestC.longestD.worst2.—Joe,woulpleasedrivealittle(fast)thanbefore?—Nohurry.Wehaveenoughtimebeforethetrainleaves.3.—Howdidyoulosethesoccermatch?—Wehad_______players.Theyhadelevenwhilewehadonlynine!A.lessB.betterC.fewerD.more4.—Doyoukundtravelsveryfast? —Yes.Butlighttravelssound.A.asfastas B.alittlefasterthan C.muchfasterthan D.slowerthan5.Afterthat,hcher_______________________________(更多地關注)her.(pay)6.—IsLucyothe______ofthetwins?—Lucy.Shewasbornhalfanhourearlier.A.younger B.youngest C.elder D.eldest2.中考考什么？三個比較等級 ①沒有比較，用原級 例：Jim’ssisterisveryyoung. ②兩者比較，用比較級，常由than連接 例：Jim’ssisterisyoungerthanKate. ③三個或以上比較，用最高級。形容詞最高級前要加the，副詞最高級前the要不要都可 例：Jim’ssistheyoungest. Jimjumped(the)farthestofall.★通常用介詞of,among,in來表示三個或以上進行比較，見下表在復數(shù)意思的詞前用of或among在單數(shù)意思的詞前用inofthefour在四個之中inthehouse在家中ofall在所有的人之中inChina在中國ofalltheboys在所有的男孩中inthewould在世界上ofus在我們之中inourschool在我們學校ofallthings在所有的事情當中inmyfamily在我家isoneof________shoppingwebsitesinChina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.thelargestLinFangcomeshome_______thanbeforethisterm.Shedoesn’thavesomanyclassesintheafternoon.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later—Whoran ofallinthesportsmeeting?—Hectordid,Ithink.A.fastB.fasterC.thefastestD.morefastWeheldaconcthehallyesterday,Katesangamongthesingers.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.bestas+形，副詞原級+as 指“…和…一樣” 例：JimisasoldasKate.吉姆和凱特一樣大。否定句為：notas+原級+as=notso+原級+as 例：JimisnotasoldasKate. (應翻譯為：吉姆沒有凱特大) thesameas指“…和…一樣”例：Yourbikeisthesameasmine.你的自行車和我的一樣。LiuYingisas_____ashersister.A.tallB.tallerC.thetallestLiuYingisgoodatsinging.Shesings______thefamoussinger,CoCo.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.asbetterasD.asthebestasSteveisn’tas_______asKelly.Heoftenmakesmistakesinhiswriting.A.carelessB.tidyC.carefulD.difficultPeterspeaksewellindeed,butofcoursenot___alocalspeakerinChina.A.soflasB.morefluentthanC.asfluentasD.muchfluentlythanInfact,mybikeisthesame________. A.toyours B.asyours C.asyou D.toyou比較級+and+比較級 指“越來越…” 例：Heisgettingfatterandfatter. (越來越胖) Ourschoolisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful. (越來越美麗)the+比較級，the+比較級 指“越…，越…” 例：Themoreyoueat,thefatteryou’llbecome.你吃的越多，你變得越胖。比較級前可加一些修飾詞，表示比較的程度，常見的有五個：3years(三年) \much許多 \alittle一點 \even甚至 \far非常 例：Iam3yearsolderthanJim. (大三歲) LucyismucholderthanTom.（大許多）Jack,hyoufeelingtoday?—Much___.IthinkIcangotoschooltomorrow.A.betterB.worseC.brighterD.weakerDebbieisgrowingfast.Sheiseven____________thanhermother.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.thetallestTheboxwas___nIhadexpected.IwasoutofbreathwhenIgothome.A.moreheavierB.muchheavierC.littleheavierD.veryheavierMikeis______,buthisbrotherSamismuch______.A.heavy;heavier B.heavy;heaviestC.heavier;heaviestD.heavier;theheaviest—It’ssmhesedays.That’sterrible!—Yes,Ihopetoplanttrees.______trees,______airpollution.A.ThemorfewerB.theless;themoreC.Theless;thefewerD.Themore;theless—Rememberthisdren._______carefulyouare,_______mistakesyouwillmake.—Weknow,Mr.Li.A.Themore;reB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;thelessEveryoneknowsthatChinaisgetting________.A.strongaongB.strongerandstrongerC.morestrongandstrongD.strongestandstrongest★注意這一用法 例：TheYelleristhesecondlongestriverinChina.（第二長，在最高級前加序數(shù)詞second） 黃河是中國第二長的河流。比較的兩個部分應該平等，一致 例：Myrulerislongerthanhis. （我的尺與他的尺his=hisruler，才能比較） Myrulerislongerthanhe.（錯） （我的尺與他這個人he，不能比較） ThestudentsassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo. (those代替thestudents) TheweatherinWuhanishotterthanthatinBeijing. (that代替theweather)KategivesmemorehelpthanJimdoes. (does代替gives)用比較級表示三個或以上進行比較時，應符合邏輯 例：Jimistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.吉姆比班上任何別的學生都高。 ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinAustralia. 上海比澳大利亞的任何一個城市都大。 Billistallerthananygirlinhisclass.比爾比他班上的任何一個女生都高。—Everyonekanadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.—Thatis,itislargerthan_______countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.anotherJimistallerthan________boyintheclass. A.theother B.anyother C.each D.allThemachinesmadeinChinaarecheaperthan________madeinJapan. A.ones B.that C.those D.itShehascurlierhairthan________. A.Tina B.Tina’s C.Tinais D.Tina’sisTheweatherinWuhanismuchbetterinsummerthan________.A.inBeijing B.thatinBeijing C.thoseofBeijing D.BeijingJohngivesmemorehelpthan________. A.Tomis B.Tomhas C.Tomdoes D.Tomgiveslikebetter表示“比…更喜歡…” 例：Ilikeapplesbetterthanpears. likebest表示” 例：Whichdoyoulikebest,apples,bananasorpears?比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化 ①一般在詞尾加er,est 例:short→shorter→shortest ②以e結尾的詞,只加r,st 例:late→later→latest ③以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，先y改為i，再加er,est 例:busy→busier→busiest ④以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫這一輔音字母,再加er,est例:hot→hotter→hottest多音節(jié)詞在前加more和most構成比較級和最高級 例：beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful（beautiful為多音節(jié)詞）不規(guī)則變化good,wellbetterbestlittlelessleastbad,ill,badlyworseworstfarfartherfarthestmany,muchmoremostfewfewerfewest表格說明： ①good 形容詞，指“好的” 例：Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyourhealth. well 作形容詞時，僅指“人身體好” 例：Iamwelltoday. 作副詞時，指“好地” 例：HedidwellinEnglish. ②bad 形容詞，指“東西壞的” 例：Thefoodisbad. ill 形容詞，指“身體不好，病了”例：Jimisilltoday. badly 副詞，指“壞地” 例：Hedidbadly ③more 還可表示“又，再” 例：Fivstudentshavecome.（fivemorestudents=anotherfivestudents）—Ifyoupreeredeveningdress,you’llhavetopay______30dollars,becauseit’smadeofsilk.—OK.Hereyouare.A.other B.theother C.more D.anotherThebreadsmells______anditsells______.A.well;goodB.good;goodC.good;wellD.well;wellDaShanis_______atChinese.HecanspeakChinesevery_______.A.good,goodB.well,wellC.good,wellD.well,goodTheree___jobsforpeoplebecausesomerobotswilldothesamejobsaspeople.A.many B.more Cfewer D.fewest—Isyourheadachegetting_______?—No,it’sworse.A.betterB.badC.lessD.well—Whichseasondoyoulike______,winterorsummer?—Summer.

A.wellB.better C.best D.thebest—Heisthenewhofailedinthemathexam.—Really?Youmeanhestudies___.A.themosfulB.theleastcarefulC.themostcarefullyD.theleastcarefullyHowareyou,Mike?—I’mnow.Idon’tthinkthismedicineisgoodforme.A.badlyB.betterC.wellD.worse一網(wǎng)打盡：寫出下列形容詞的比較級和最高級：few early hot thingood,well many,much little farbad,ill,badly deliciousWateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso______.A.heal B.healthiestC.thehealthier D.thehealthiest—WhatdoinkofherteachingEnglish?—Great!Nooneteaches____inourschool.A.good B.worse C.better D.best—DoyouenjoyHassongs?—Yes.HeisthewinnerofI’mSingerⅡ.Ican’tthinkofanyonewitha______voice.A.betterB.bestC.moreD.mostComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuy______clothesinayear.A.thecheapestB.cheaperC.theworstD.worseOfthetwosI’dliketochoosethe_____onetosavesomemoneyforacap.A.cheapest B.cheaper C.moreexpensive D.mostexpensive—Thepictureis,Ihavetosay,notabitbeautiful.—Why?It’s______thanthepicturesIhaveeverseen.A.farmorebeautifulB.muchlessbeautifulC.nomorebeautifulD.anylessbeautifulManysssaythatiftherewerenoexaminationstheyshouldhave______atschool.A.theesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertimeIamsorrythiscoatisnotbigenough.Iwanta_______one.A.biggerB.bigC.smallerD.small—Tom,areyou_______boyinyourclass?—No,butJohnis.I’mshorterthanhim.A.thetallestB.theshortestC.theyoungestD.theoldest【2022河北】34.I'msorryI'mlate.Ishouldgethere10minutes________.A.earlyB.earlierC.theearlierD.theearliest—Dad.Wouldyasedrive________?—Nohurry.Wehaveenoughtimebeforetheplanetakesoff.A.fasterB.moreslowlyC.morecarefullyTheworld’spionisgrowingandthereislandandwaterforgrowingrice.A.more;lessB.larger;fewerC.larger;lessD.more;fewerIamgoodatmath,buthisEnglishis________thanmine.A.muchbetter B.morebetter C.verybetter D.prettybetter—Doyoulikethernfood,LiLi?—No,Ithinkthefoodofourcountryis______thatofwesterncountries.A.muchmliciousthanB.lessdeliciousthanC.notasdeliciousasD.asdeliciousasTheteacherseenoughtoexplainthemostquestionin_________way.simplestDavidjumped________inthelongjump.Hewonthegame.A.longest B.farthest C.fastest D.highestHowfartotheairport?20kilometers?------No,it’s________.About30kilometers.A.far B.farther C.thefarther D.thefarthestThedishisdeli------Well,atleastit’s________theoneIcookedyesterday.A.asgoodas B.worsethan C.aswellas D.asbadasLet’sgotothenewrestauranton24thStreetfordinnertonight.------Wecancookitathome.It’s.expensive B.moreexpensiveC.lessexpensive D.themostexpensiveOurfamilyhasboughtacarsowecantravel________thanbefore.A.mosteasily B.lesseasily C.easily D.moreeasilyDanielisacarefuldriver,buthedrives________ofmyfriends.A.morecarefulthemostcarefully C.lesscarefully D.theleastcarefullyWhywasMrs.SmirywithJack?------Becauseheworked________thantheothers.A.morecarefully B.worse C.better D.moreclearlyIfthere______peopledriving,therewillbe________airpollution.------Yes,theairwillbefresher.A.less,less B.less,fewer C.fewer,fewer D.fewer,lessIschemistrymoricultthanphysics?------No,chemistryisn’tas________asphysics. A.easy B.difficult C.easier D.moredifficultKnowledgeismoney.------ButIthinkitis________money.A.asintas B.soimportantas C.moreimportantthan D.thesameasBilljumped________thananyotherplayerinthesportsmeeting. A.tall B.taller C.high D.higherAreyouedaboutthecomingexam?---No.Ithinkthemore____youare,____mistakesyou’llmake.A.careful,ss B.carefully,thefewer C.carefully,theleast D.careful,thefewer________youstudy,________gradesyouwillget.A.Thehard,thegood B.Theharder,thebetter C.Harder,betterIdon’tknoww-shirtwas________,soItookthemboth.------Yes,it’sreallydifficulttochoose.A.better B.well C.best D.goodInourcity________inJuly,butitiseven________inAugust.A.hotter,hottest B.hot,hot C.hotter,hot D.hot,hotterMum,