老高考適用2023高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第二編語(yǔ)法突破專(zhuān)題十四構(gòu)詞法北師大版

專(zhuān)題十四構(gòu)詞法1.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷，61,62)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe(develop)ofthelocalareas.答案：educated;development第一空在系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，educated“受過(guò)教育的，有教養(yǎng)的”。第二空在冠詞the之后，應(yīng)用名詞development。2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，58)Itwill(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!答案：undoubtedly此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞help，意為“無(wú)疑地”，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填undoubtedly。3．(2021·全國(guó)乙卷，68)Provide(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.答案：financial設(shè)空處在名詞aid之前，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，financial“財(cái)政的”。4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，60)Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus(astonish)．答案：astonished此句中含有“l(fā)eavesb/sth＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。賓語(yǔ)為us，應(yīng)用形容詞astonished作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明人的感受，意為“吃驚的”。5．(2021·全國(guó)甲卷，50)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir(day)routines.答案：daily句意：據(jù)說(shuō)你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T(mén)和瞭望塔旁停下來(lái)拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。名詞routines前面要用形容詞修飾，故填daily。6．(2020·北京高考，2)Oliversaysifyou're(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemif/whetheryoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.答案：lucky句意：奧利弗說(shuō)，如果你足夠幸運(yùn)，身邊有一個(gè)喜歡烹飪的人，找機(jī)會(huì)問(wèn)他們你能否加入。設(shè)空前有be動(dòng)詞，所以設(shè)空處填形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填lucky。7．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，61)ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.答案：celebration不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。8．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，66)(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.答案：Certainly句意：當(dāng)然，在假日期間，這種植物是必需品。此處用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。9．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷，36)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.答案：wealthy句意：在18和19世紀(jì)，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史文物和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。10．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，62)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.答案：poorly修飾動(dòng)詞studied應(yīng)用形容詞poor的副詞形式poorly。常用的英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法一名詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞-lycostly昂貴的friendly友好的fatherly父親般的lovely可愛(ài)的brotherly兄弟般的orderly有條理的；整齊的manly男子氣概的monthly每月的yearly每年的-fulcareful小心謹(jǐn)慎的hopeful有希望的useful有用的graceful優(yōu)雅的-ticathletic運(yùn)動(dòng)的energetic充滿(mǎn)活力的；精力充沛的；積極的enthusiastic熱情的；熱心的optimistic樂(lè)觀(guān)(主義)的-ablefavourable有利的fashionable時(shí)髦的；流行的changeable可改變的comfortable舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的reasonable合情理的；講道理的；公道的valuable貴重的；有價(jià)值的-ibleaccessible可接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可使用的horrible可怕的；恐怖的sensible明智的responsible有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的-ydusty積滿(mǎn)灰塵的greedy貪吃的；貪婪的；貪心的guilty犯罪的；有罪的；內(nèi)疚的handy方便的；有用的messy凌亂的；臟的wealthy富裕的-alagricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的；農(nóng)藝的classical古典的；古典文藝的logical邏輯的；合情理的magical巫術(shù)的；魔術(shù)的；有魔力的personal私人的；個(gè)人的；親自的cultural文化的-ousambitious有雄心的；有野心的nervous神經(jīng)緊張的courageous勇敢的；有膽量的dangerous危險(xiǎn)的humorous幽默的；詼諧的religious宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的續(xù)表-iveactive積極的；活躍的alternative供選擇的；替代的effective有效的expensive昂貴的sensitive敏感的；易受傷害的；靈敏的-lessbreathless喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的；屏息的careless粗心的；漫不經(jīng)心的endless無(wú)窮的；無(wú)止境的homeless無(wú)家的；無(wú)家可歸的hopeless沒(méi)有希望的；絕望的selfless無(wú)私的；忘我的-ualspiritual精神的actual實(shí)際的；真正的factual事實(shí)的intellectual智力的二動(dòng)詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞-ingamazing令人吃驚的astonishing令人感到驚訝的convincing令人信服的exciting令人激動(dòng)的encouraging鼓舞人心的fascinating迷人的；吸引人的-edinterested感興趣的complicated復(fù)雜的；難懂的distinguished著名的determined堅(jiān)定的disabled傷殘的educated受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的；連續(xù)的various各種各樣的poisonous有毒的三動(dòng)詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞-sionconclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discussion討論expression詞語(yǔ)；表達(dá)；表情permission許可；允許impression印象；感想possession(尤作復(fù)數(shù))所有；財(cái)產(chǎn)-ingopening(出入的)通路；開(kāi)口；開(kāi)端surrounding(pl.)周?chē)氖挛?；環(huán)境reading閱讀；讀物hearing聽(tīng)力；聽(tīng)覺(jué)bowling保齡球shopping購(gòu)物；采購(gòu)-mentsettlement定居；解決achievement成就；功績(jī)adjustment調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)amusement消遣；娛樂(lè)(活動(dòng))appointment約會(huì)；任命argument爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵-tionaddition加；增加；加法affection喜愛(ài)；愛(ài)；感情application應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)association社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想attraction有吸引力的事物；吸引celebration慶祝；慶賀-ationadaptation適應(yīng)(性)；改編本consideration考慮；體諒combination結(jié)合；組合expectation預(yù)料；期待；期望imagination想象(力)；創(chuàng)造力；幻想物-anceacquaintance相識(shí)；了解；熟人appearance外觀(guān)；外貌；出現(xiàn)assistance協(xié)助；援助endurance忍耐力performance表演；表現(xiàn)insurance保險(xiǎn)-erannouncer廣播員；播音員；節(jié)目主持人designer設(shè)計(jì)師diver潛水員invader侵略者writer作家employer雇主worker工人-orcompetitor競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者editor編輯educator教育工作者；教育家operator(電腦)操作員；接線(xiàn)員sailor水手；海員；船員survivor幸存者；生還者；殘存物續(xù)表-ure/turedeparture出發(fā)，離開(kāi)enclosure圍地，圍場(chǎng)failure失敗pressure壓力；擠壓；壓迫(感)mixture混合物pleasure高興，樂(lè)趣-encecompetence能力；勝利；本領(lǐng)existence生存；存在preference喜愛(ài)；偏愛(ài)-ityprosperity繁榮；昌盛equality均等；平等-alarrival到來(lái)；到達(dá)；到達(dá)者survival幸存；幸存者approval贊成；認(rèn)可-thgrowth成長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)warmth溫暖四名詞加后綴構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的抽象名詞-hoodchildhood兒童時(shí)代；童年boyhood少年時(shí)代neighbourhood街區(qū)；四鄰brotherhood手足情意；兄弟關(guān)系-shipchampionship冠軍稱(chēng)號(hào)citizenship公民身份；公民的職責(zé)和權(quán)力friendship友誼；友情relationship關(guān)系；血緣關(guān)系；交往scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金；學(xué)問(wèn)；學(xué)術(shù)研究leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)五形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成副詞-lyactually實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上entirely完全地；全然地；整個(gè)地exactly確實(shí)如此；恰好；確切地frequently常常；頻繁地gradually逐漸地；逐步地personally就個(gè)人而言；親自地selflessly無(wú)私地；忘我地sincerely真誠(chéng)地；真摯地unfortunately不幸地六形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞-nessbrightness明亮；亮度；聰穎darkness黑暗；漆黑fitness健康happiness幸福；快樂(lè)illness疾病kindness仁慈；好意sadness悲哀；悲傷seasickness暈船sickness疾??；惡心七形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞(一)-enblacken使變黑brighten使更明亮；使更有希望ripen使成熟；成熟shorten縮短；使變短deepen使……加深；變深sharpen使變得鋒利weaken(對(duì)某事的決心)動(dòng)搖；減弱；(使)變?nèi)鮤arden變硬；硬化widen拓寬-izemodernize使現(xiàn)代化realize實(shí)現(xiàn)-ifysimplify簡(jiǎn)化diversify使……多樣化八形容詞加前綴構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞(二)en-前綴，表示“使得……，使成為……”enlarge擴(kuò)大enable使能夠enrich使富裕；充實(shí)；改善九常見(jiàn)的表示特定含義的前綴re-(重復(fù)，再)rearrange重新整理reappear再現(xiàn)rebuild重建reconfirm再證實(shí)recount重新計(jì)算recover重新獲得anti-(反，抗拒)anti-war反戰(zhàn)的anti-pollution防止環(huán)境污染的anti-social反社會(huì)的bi-(二，雙)bilingual雙語(yǔ)的bilateral雙邊的ex-(以前的)ex-president前總統(tǒng)ex-husband前夫ex-serviceman退役軍人十表示“人”的名詞后綴-istarchaeologist考古學(xué)家artist藝術(shù)家chemist藥劑師；化學(xué)家cyclist騎自行車(chē)的人dentist牙科醫(yī)生journalist記者；新聞工作者novelist小說(shuō)家pianist鋼琴家；鋼琴演奏者scientist科學(xué)家tourist旅行者；觀(guān)光者typist打字員violinist小提琴演奏者-an/-ianAmerican美國(guó)人Australian澳大利亞人European歐洲人Russian俄國(guó)人Asian亞洲人musician音樂(lè)家politician政治家librarian圖書(shū)管理員historian歷史學(xué)家十一常用的否定前綴un-(不，非)＋形容詞unable不能的；不會(huì)的unbearable難以忍受的；不能容忍的uncertain不確切的；無(wú)把握的uncomfortable不舒服的；不舒適的unfair不公正的；不公平的unusual不同尋常的；獨(dú)特的dis-dislike不喜歡disagree不同意disbelief不信；懷疑disorder失調(diào)；紊亂disappearance消失disagreement分歧；不一致il-，im-，in-，ir-illegal違法的illiterate不通順的；文盲immoral不道德的impossible不可能的inaccurate不準(zhǔn)確的incorrect不正確的irregular不規(guī)則的irresistible不可抵抗的non-否定前綴non-stop中途不停的；直達(dá)的non-violent非暴力的non-smoker不吸煙的人non-profit非營(yíng)利的Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(consequent),powerwalking,inadditiontoahealthydiet,helpsmanageyourweight.答案：Consequently設(shè)空處放在句首修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用其副詞形式。2．Speechisthefastestmethodof(communicate)betweenpeople.答案：communication介詞of之后要用名詞形式communication作賓語(yǔ)。3．Anewhabitisnotaboutperformance;it'sabout(consistent)takingaction.答案：consistently修飾后面的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)takingaction，使用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填consistently。4．Withapopulationof12millionpeople,the(south)cityisknownforitsstronginnovationcapabilities.答案：southern此處表示“南方城市”，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞city，故填southern。5．Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportant(grow)inautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.答案：growth前面有形容詞important修飾，此處應(yīng)填名詞growth和后面的development構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。6．Shewentthroughaperiodofemotional(adjust)afterhermarriagebrokeup.答案：adjustment設(shè)空前有形容詞emotional修飾，故填名詞。7．Asavolunteerofenvironmentalprotection,Iamwritingtoraiseyour(aware)ofprotectingtheenvironment.答案：awareness在形容詞性物主代詞your后面，用名詞形式。句意：作為環(huán)保志愿者，我書(shū)面倡議大家提高環(huán)保意識(shí)。8．Wealsopaidbyphoneformovietickets,takeoutfood,shoppingandfor(deliver)．答案：delivery句意：我們也用手機(jī)支付電影票、外賣(mài)、購(gòu)物和送貨的費(fèi)用。for后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)，此處表示“送貨”，故填delivery。9．It'sachanceforyoutolearnmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture;Iamsureitwill(broad)yourhorizons.答案：broaden句意：這是一個(gè)讓你更多地學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的機(jī)會(huì)，我確信它會(huì)拓寬你的視野。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的will可知，后面應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞，而broad是一個(gè)形容詞，故填broaden。10．ThechangeingenderidealshasbeeninfluencedbySouthKoreanpopculture,wheremalecelebritiesandboybandshave(popular)asofter,effeminatelook.答案：popularized句意：性別觀(guān)念的轉(zhuǎn)變受到了韓國(guó)流行文化的影響，在韓國(guó)，男明星和男孩樂(lè)隊(duì)流行一種更柔和、更柔弱的造型。設(shè)空處在where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)設(shè)空前的have可知，此處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞，表示“使……流行”。故填popularized。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither;humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycooperate.答案：cooperate→cooperative此處用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知，v.＋-ive構(gòu)成形容詞。2．Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.答案：taste→tasty形容詞small,juicy和句子最后一個(gè)詞為并列表語(yǔ)，故句末的詞應(yīng)改為其形容詞形式。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知，v.＋-y構(gòu)成形容詞。3．Let'smakejointeffortstocreateagreenandharmonyenvironment;yourcooperationwouldbemuchappreciated.答案：harmony→harmonious修飾后面的名詞environment，用形容詞形式。4．Nowlet'sexpressourthankstoHaydenforhisgreatcontributetousandourschool.答案：contribute→contribution在形容詞性物主代詞his后面，用名詞形式。5．Althoughhecouldunderstandfewwords,hewasstillamazingtoseethecolorfulcostumesandtheuniquewayofperforming.答案：amazing→amazed說(shuō)明人的感受，用amazed。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)(2021·廣西玉林市第十一中學(xué)第四次模擬)WhenIwasinSeniorOne,IfoundIhadannegativeattitudetowardslife.AndIalwaysfallintoangerandsadness.Gradual,Irealizedthatalotofthosethingscamefromlacksofself－loveandself－confidence.ButIbegantolistentoendlesslecturesonconfidenceandopenness.IcreatedamottowhichsummedupthathowIcouldlivebetter.“Beenconfidentinyourself,you'llbeabletoloveothersregardlessdivision,envyorjudgement.”Iencouragedmetolivebythesewordseveryday.NowI'vechangedalot.I'vebecomeanenergyandpositivegirl.答案：WhenIwasinSeniorOne,IfoundIhadeq\o(an,\s\do8(①a))negativeattitudetowardslife.AndIalwayseq\o(fall,\s\do8(②fell))intoan