全冊(cè)講義外研版必修第三冊(cè)

（2019新版）高中英語(yǔ)外研版必修三講義第一課Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou···································1第二課Unit1語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)·····································11第三課Unit2Makingadifference··············································20第四課Unit2語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)····································29第五課Unit3Theworldofscience············································36第六課Unit3語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)···························44第七課Unit4Amazingart·······················································49第八課Unit4語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)····························64第九課Unit5Whatanadventure!··············································69第十課Unit5語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)··········································88第十一課Unit6Disasterandhope················································94第十二課Unit6語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:省略···················································97Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou重點(diǎn)詞組SectionAinatotalmess一團(tuán)糟helpout幫一把becrazyabout對(duì)...瘋狂letdown使失望，辜負(fù)pointguard控球后衛(wèi)keyplayer核心隊(duì)員letoffsteam宣泄情緒beangrywith對(duì)...生氣concentrateondoing集中注意力于ThereisanoldAmericansaying有一句古老的美國(guó)諺語(yǔ)looselipssinkships禍從口出looselips大嘴巴causetrouble造成麻煩besuretodo一定做某事inthatsituation在那種情況下apologiseto向...道歉meantodo打算做某事meandoingsth意味著resolveconflicts解決沖突haveachatwithsb與某人聊天makethesituationworse讓情況更糟糕moveon對(duì)...采取行動(dòng)befilledwith充滿，擠滿tendto趨向于etoone’smind突然想起takeadeepbreath深呼吸c(diǎn)almdown冷靜pullone’sweight盡責(zé)，做好分內(nèi)的事inaprofessionalway以專(zhuān)業(yè)的方式thinkabout考慮thinkout想出thinkof想起workout解決，實(shí)現(xiàn)，弄懂goodluck祝你好運(yùn)takeiteasy別擔(dān)心besatisfiedwith對(duì)...滿意SectionBenterintoawritingpetition參加寫(xiě)作比賽tellthetruth講事實(shí)，說(shuō)實(shí)話findout發(fā)現(xiàn)lookdownon/upon輕視keepsilent保持沉默takethelead帶頭playarolein在...起作用haveahardtime(in)doingsth做某事有困難adjusttonewsurroundings適應(yīng)新環(huán)境doone’sduty承擔(dān)責(zé)任byaccident偶然separatefrom與...分離runawayfrom逃離dealwith處理settledown定居causeembarrassment造成尷尬ittakestimetodosth花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事plainabout抱怨getalongwith與某人相處flyaway飛走feelbadabout對(duì)...感到糟糕makealotofnoise制造許多噪音emotionalquotient情商intelligencequotient智商theabilityto做...的能力Itisbelievedthat據(jù)說(shuō)Ifpossible如果可能的話SectionCdowellin擅長(zhǎng)whitelies善意的謊言honestlysaying誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)tellalie說(shuō)謊fort...with...用...安慰protect...from/against...保護(hù)...免受evenif/though即使towhatextent在多大程度上giveencouragement給予鼓勵(lì)frankments坦誠(chéng)的評(píng)論inadvance提前everytime每次expecttodosth期盼做某事insteadof代替，而不是consistof包含startwith以...開(kāi)頭aseriesof一系列asummaryof總結(jié)adaptedfrom改編自gathertogether聚在一起moveapart分開(kāi)二、重點(diǎn)詞匯1.letoffsteam發(fā)泄怒火,宣泄情緒letout發(fā)出(叫聲等);泄露let...in讓……進(jìn)來(lái);放進(jìn)letgo(of)放開(kāi);放手;釋放letdown使失望;辜負(fù)letalone更不用說(shuō);聽(tīng)任;不打擾2.agonyn.痛楚,苦難inagony=inpain處于痛苦中agonyaunt知心阿姨agonycolumn=advicecolumn知心專(zhuān)欄agonizev.(對(duì)某事物)極度憂慮或擔(dān)心agonizeabout/over對(duì)……焦慮/苦惱agonizedadj.十分痛苦的agonizingadj.令人痛苦的3.sinkv.使(船)沉沒(méi)sinkn.洗滌池,洗碗槽,水槽sinkv.(日、月)下落;(頭、目光等)下垂;消沉,陷入sinkinto陷入4.breathn.呼出的氣breathev.呼吸breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的breathein吸氣breatheout呼氣takeadeepbreath深吸一口氣outofbreath氣喘吁吁,上氣不接下氣holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸5.concernn.憂慮,擔(dān)心concerningprep.關(guān)于concernedadj.有關(guān)的;關(guān)心的have/feel/showconcernabout/for/over...對(duì)……關(guān)心/擔(dān)憂beconcernedabout=beworriedabout關(guān)心;掛念asfarassb/sthbeconcerned就……而言6.lookdownon看不起,輕視,蔑視lookafter照顧,照料lookahead向前看,著眼未來(lái)lookasif看上去好像lookaround/about四處看看,四下環(huán)顧lookback回頭看;回顧lookforwardto盼望,期待lookinto觀察;調(diào)查lookon旁觀,觀望lookon...as...把……看作……lookout當(dāng)心,小心,留神lookup查尋,查閱;抬頭看lookthrough瀏覽,翻閱,溫習(xí),仔細(xì)查看;透過(guò)……看7.adjustv.調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié);適應(yīng),(使)習(xí)慣adjustto(doing)sth適應(yīng)(做)某事adjustoneself(to)sth(使)適應(yīng)well-adjustedadj.完全適應(yīng)環(huán)境的adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的,可調(diào)節(jié)的adjustmentn.調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié);適應(yīng)makeadjustment適應(yīng),調(diào)整accidentn.事故,意外事件,偶然因素accidentaladj.意外的;偶然的;附屬的withoutaccident平安無(wú)事地Itisnoaccidentthat...……絕非偶然9.ensurev.確保,保證10plexityn.復(fù)雜性,錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜plexadj.復(fù)雜的,復(fù)合的n.綜合樓群,聯(lián)合企業(yè)anewapartmentplex一座新綜合公寓大樓11.forgivev.原諒forgivesbsth原諒某人某事forgivesbfordoingsth原諒某人做了某事forgiveandforget不念舊惡;不記仇12.getalongwith與……相處getabout徘徊,走動(dòng)getaccustomedto習(xí)慣于getacross被傳達(dá);被理解getaway離開(kāi),逃脫getdownto認(rèn)真對(duì)待getoff從……下來(lái);脫下(衣服)getover恢復(fù)getridof除去,擺脫getthrough到達(dá),完成gettogether積聚,積累getusedto習(xí)慣于13.weavev.編,織weaveyourmagic使人入迷weaveinandout迂回穿行weaveyourwaythrough在……中穿行weaver織布工14.protect...from保護(hù)……使免受……protectionn.保護(hù)environmentalprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)fire/flood/sunprotection防火/防洪/防曬undertheprotectionof在……的保護(hù)之下protectiveadj.保護(hù)的,給予保護(hù)的defendsb/sthfrom保護(hù)……不受prevent...from...阻止,預(yù)防,防止15.justifyv.證明(別人認(rèn)為不合理的事)有道理;為……辯護(hù)bejustifiedby...……被證明是合理的;理由是……justifyoneself為自己辯解justifiedadj.有合理解釋的,有正當(dāng)理由的16.frankadj.坦率的,坦誠(chéng)的,直言不諱的franklyadv.坦白說(shuō),坦率地說(shuō)tobefrank坦白說(shuō),坦率地說(shuō)befrankwithsb坦白跟某人講befrankaboutsth坦率地說(shuō)17.tearn.眼淚,淚水tearfuladj.哭泣的,含淚的,快要哭的burstintotears突然哭起來(lái)teardown扯下;拆毀tearup撕碎;拔起opieces把……撕成碎片tear...open把……撕開(kāi)independentadj.獨(dú)立的independencen.獨(dú)立,自主gain/achieve/winindependence取得/獲得/贏得獨(dú)立independentlyadv.獨(dú)立地beindependentof不依賴independentschool私立三、重點(diǎn)句式1.Embarrassedandashamed,Ican’tconcentrateonanything.我感覺(jué)既尷尬又羞愧,不能把注意力集中到任何事情上?！揪涫狡饰觥啃稳菰~化的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示狀態(tài),修飾句子的主語(yǔ)。Dressedinwhite,shelookedreallypretty.穿著白色衣服,她看起來(lái)確實(shí)很美?！揪涫酵卣埂?1)形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨,可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。Overjoyed,theyrushedtothefront.他們非常高興疾步跑到前邊。(2)形容詞作原因狀語(yǔ),通常放在句首。Thirstyandeagertogetalittlerest,hewentintothetea-houseandseatedhimselfatalittletable.因?yàn)榉浅？?并且迫切想要休息一下,他進(jìn)了茶室坐在了小桌子旁。(3)形容詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),一般位于句末。Theyreturnedfromwar,safeandsound.他們安然無(wú)恙地從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中歸來(lái)。(4)形容詞作讓步狀語(yǔ),位于句首,也可以位于句尾。Oldandyoung,thepeasantsarebusywithautumnharvest.無(wú)論年輕的還是年長(zhǎng)的,所有的農(nóng)民們都在忙著秋收。(5)形容詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Glad,IsinganEnglishsong.高興的時(shí)候,我就唱首英文歌。2.Approachedinthisway,yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired.用這種方法來(lái)解決,你們的友誼很快就會(huì)被修復(fù)?！揪涫狡饰觥窟^(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。approach與句子主語(yǔ)yourfriendship之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用Approached。Givenmoreattention,theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.如果多注意一些,這次事故本來(lái)能避免?！揪涫酵卣埂糠衷~作狀語(yǔ)通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句,如果狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),就用過(guò)去分詞;如果狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),就用現(xiàn)在分詞。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),分詞前可帶連詞when,while,if,though,asif,unless等,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。3.WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.當(dāng)萊利搬到新城市的時(shí)候,她很難使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境?！揪涫狡饰觥窟@是“haveahardtimedoing”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“做某事情很困難”。也可以說(shuō)“haveahardtimeindoing”。Wewillhaveahardtimegettingjustice.我們將很難獲得公正?！揪涫酵卣埂縣avedifficulty(in)doing做某事情很困難havetrouble(in)doing做某事有麻煩havefun(in)doing做某事有意思(有趣)haveagoodtimedoing玩得開(kāi)心,過(guò)得愉快4.ItisbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ(intelligencequotient)inpeople’slives.據(jù)說(shuō),在人們生活中情商比智商更重要。【句式剖析】Itisbelievedthat...是主語(yǔ)從句,真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。that在主語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分,沒(méi)有任何意思,但是不可以省略?！揪涫酵卣埂砍Ｒ?jiàn)的這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)有:Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itisdecidedthat...已經(jīng)決定……Itissuggestedthat...有人建議……Itisadvisedthat...有人建議……Itisorderedthat...根據(jù)命令……Itisthoughtthat...有人認(rèn)為……Itisconsideredthat...人們認(rèn)為……Itishopedthat...人們希望……Itisexpectedthat...人們預(yù)料……Itisannouncedthat...已宣布……5.Iwasjustlettingoffsteamreally,becauseIwassoangry...因?yàn)槲姨鷼饬?我當(dāng)時(shí)只是在宣泄情緒……6.OurAgonyAuntanswersyourquestions.我們的知心阿姨回答你的問(wèn)題。7.ThereisanoldAmericansaying,“Looselipssinkships.”有一個(gè)古老的美國(guó)諺語(yǔ),“禍從口出”。8.Takeadeepbreath,calmdown,andalwaysremember:thinkfirst,speaklater.深呼吸,讓自己平靜下來(lái),并謹(jǐn)記:先想,后說(shuō)。9.Ifyoufeeloneofyourteammatesisn’tpullingtheirweight,thenraiseyourconcernsinaprofessionalwaywithyourteamcoach.如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你們有一個(gè)隊(duì)員沒(méi)有盡責(zé),那么可以從專(zhuān)業(yè)角度向你們隊(duì)的教練提出10.SadnesswantstodoherdutybutbyaccidentcausesthelossofRiley’shappycorememorieswithJoy.悲傷想承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任,可是無(wú)意間造成了萊利核心快樂(lè)記憶的丟失。11.Worriedabouther,JoyandSadnesstrytoworktogethertoensureshegetshercorememoriesback.快樂(lè)和悲傷非常擔(dān)心萊利,試圖齊心協(xié)力確保她把核心記憶找回來(lái)。12.AcceptingsadnessaspartoflifehelpsRileydealwiththeemotionalplexityofgrowingup,andsettledowninhernewlife.把悲傷看作生活的一部分,有助于萊利去處理成長(zhǎng)中的情感的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題,并在她的新生活中安定下來(lái)。（P6）13.Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologise.當(dāng)他們道歉的時(shí)候盡量去原諒他們。14.Icantellheisnoteasytogetalongwith.我能看出他不容易相處。15.It’llbefineonceyougetaccustomedtousingit.一旦你用慣了就好了。（P8）16.Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!當(dāng)我們一旦開(kāi)始欺騙的時(shí)候,我們得編織多么復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)啊!17.Perhapswefortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.也許我們會(huì)安慰自己,認(rèn)為自己所說(shuō)的謊言大部分都是善意的謊言,為了保護(hù)別人所講的小小的謊言。18.Buttowhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?但是我們能在多大的程度上證明類(lèi)似于這樣的善意的謊言是正確的呢?19.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankmentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.停下來(lái),然后考慮一下,也許你的朋友想從你那里聽(tīng)到坦誠(chéng)的評(píng)論以便提高自我。20.Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”?如果你這一天過(guò)得不愉快,你會(huì)誠(chéng)實(shí)告訴父母,還是會(huì)掩藏淚水撒謊說(shuō)你過(guò)得“不錯(cuò)”呢?（P11）21.Themoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.你越獨(dú)立,你以后的生活就會(huì)越好。（P5）22.WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.當(dāng)萊利搬到新城市的時(shí)候,她很難使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。【句式剖析】這是“haveahardtimedoing”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“做某事情很困難”。也可以說(shuō)“haveahardtimeindoing”。23.Ifpossible,suggestanalternative—Howaboutnextweek?如果可能的話,可以建議另外一種選擇方式——下周怎么樣?【句式剖析】句中“ifpossible”是省略句,表示“如果可能的話”,完整的形式:ifitispossible。（P9）24.However,whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood,orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate,arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?然而,當(dāng)我們?nèi)鲋e,說(shuō)某個(gè)人的發(fā)型看起來(lái)很美,或者當(dāng)我們說(shuō)我們很喜歡這頓飯但背地里其實(shí)很不喜歡的時(shí)候,我們真的希望能夠讓別人改善提高嗎?【句式拓展】(1)beabouttodo...when...正要做某事就……(2)bedoing...when...正在做某事就在這時(shí)……(3)hadjustdonesthwhen...剛做完某事就……（P11）25.Themoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.你越獨(dú)立,你的生活就會(huì)越好。26.Afterrepeatingthisprocessafewtimes,theyeventuallyfoundtheidealdistancewheretheycouldfeelwarmwhilemanagingnottohurteachother.在重復(fù)了這個(gè)過(guò)程幾次之后,他們最終找到了合適的距離,在這個(gè)距離他們既感到溫暖,又不會(huì)傷到彼此。語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)【觀察】觀察下列句子中過(guò)去分詞的用法，然后加以總結(jié)。1.Discussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.2.Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.3.Caughtintherainonmywayhome,Ihadabadcold.4.Builtthirtyyearsagothehousestilllooksverybeautiful.5.outofthehall.6.Shesatbythewindowalone,lostinthought.7.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.8.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.過(guò)去分詞可作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示的意義過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱(chēng)一致，即二者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。這跟現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)正好相反。表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作修飾謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。如：Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題.(given為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ)I,即I被再給一個(gè)小時(shí).)Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表"被看",由語(yǔ)境可知,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是城市,而不是"我們",因?yàn)?我們"應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市.)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Oncepublished,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular!一旦出版，這本字典將會(huì)受到歡迎。【注意】狀語(yǔ)從句改成過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成"連詞+過(guò)去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ).用以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，目的等狀語(yǔ)。如：when,while,once,as,if,though,although等。如：Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定.☆注意：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置.過(guò)去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ),后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)；也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi).如：Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.B)作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Inspiredbyhisteacher,hestudiesmuchharder.=As/Becausehewasinspiredbyhisteacher,hestudiesmuchharder.Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙,這篇文章不是很好.【注意】written為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示這篇文章是被寫(xiě)的,而且已經(jīng)被寫(xiě)C)作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：United,westand;divided,wefall.=If／Whenweareunited,westand;if／whenwearedivided,wefall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好些。D)作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Defeatedbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpractisedevenharder.=Thoughtheyweredefeatedbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.雖然被對(duì)方打敗，但隊(duì)員們沒(méi)有泄氣，更加刻苦訓(xùn)練。E)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。如：Hecameback,utterlyexhausted.他回來(lái)了，疲憊不堪。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyherstudents.[注意]過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。但有時(shí)它可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立（主格）結(jié)構(gòu)，多數(shù)情況下它表示一種伴隨動(dòng)作或情況。例如：Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.=Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,andhisfacewascoveredwithsweat.那個(gè)男孩子跑進(jìn)教室，滿臉是汗。Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車(chē)就開(kāi)動(dòng)了.(thesignal是given的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)thebus就不是given的邏輯主語(yǔ))Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatervaluethanhers.各方面考慮進(jìn)去，你的文章比她的文章更有價(jià)值?！⒁猓骸蔼?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”前常常可以加“with”，即with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。也表示伴隨情況。如：Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,（with）hisfacecoveredwithsweat二、過(guò)去分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系●過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作。其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。過(guò)去分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間通常存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(如例句1-5)【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.Seenfromthetopfloor,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.●有些過(guò)去分詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，或某些動(dòng)詞后面加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的形容詞，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ost(如例句6),seated,hidden,lostin,dressedin,facedwith,absorbedin,surprised,三、過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)如果過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨等(如例句10)?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.(raise).2.(praise)byhisteacher,Tomworkedevenharder.3.4.(face)withthissituation,theyfeltbothjoyandfear.5.Youngstudentsshouldgoandworkwhere(need).6.(taste)delicious,thebreadinthisshopwassoldoutsoon.7.(seat)atthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.8.(grow)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.Ⅱ.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。1.Ashewassurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy. →agroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.2.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead. →whathadhappened,heloweredhishead. →whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.3.Bobsatonhischairandhewaspletelyabsorbedinamagazine. →Bobsatonhischair,amagazine.4.Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited. →Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunless.5.Aftertheproblemwassettled,themeetingcametoanend. →,themeetingcametoanend.參考答案：Ⅰ.1.raised 2.Praised 3.broken4.Faced 5.needed 6.Tasting7.Seated 8.GrownⅡ.1.Surroundedby 2.Asked;Whenasked 3.pletelyabsorbedin 4.Iaminvited 5.Theproblemsettled過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題練習(xí)1.I’mgoingtohavemycar________.A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2.What’sthelanguage______inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowedby4.Hehadhisleg_______inthematchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking5.Mostofthepeople_______tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting6.________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_________behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8.Theputercenter,_______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose10.TheOlympicGames,______in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayed11.Don’tget_________intherain.A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught12.Ifoundacar_________inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick13.---Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom_______?---Lastweek.A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted14.Thechildrenwerefound_________inthecave.A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappedD.betrapped15.Theyfounda______oldwoman_______onthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokendown.A.dying,lyingB.dead,liedC.death,layingD.died,lain16.Ona_____morningthelittlegirlwasfound_______atthecornerofthestreet.A.freezing,freezingB.freezing,frozenC.frozen,frozenD.frozen,freezing17.Nooneenjoys______funofinpublic.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake18.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword_____.A.speakingB.spokenC.tobespokenD.speak19.______fromspace,theearth,withwater_______seventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen,coveredB.Seen,coveringC.Seeing,coveringD.Seeing,covered20.An_________crowdisawaitingthearrivalofthefilmstar.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly21.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished22.____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered23.____,allthestudentsranoutoftheclassroom.A.ClasswasoverB.ClassisoverC.ClassoverD.Whenclassover24.____,everythinghaschanged.A.TimegoesonB.TimegoingonC.AstimegoingonD.Withtimewenton25.____,theywillgotothezoo.A.WeatherpermittingB.WeatherpermittedC.WeatherbeingpermittedD.Weatherhavingpermitted26.Alotofhomework___,theyhavetogohome.A.todoB.doneC.doingD.tobedoing27.____herfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.

A.HearingB.HavingheardC.TohearD.Heard

28.____histeamhadwon,hisfacelitupatonce.

A.KnowingB.WhenknowingC.AfterknowingD.Whenheknew29.Fromhis_______expression,wecanguessthattheproblemmaybewasquite_______.A.puzzled;puzzlingB.puzzling;puzzledC.puzzled;puzzledD.puzzling;puzzling30.Onourarrival,wefoundTom_____atthedeskand______aletter.A.seated,wroteB.sitting,writtenC.seating,writingD.seated,writing過(guò)去分詞專(zhuān)題練習(xí)答案：--5CBBBA6---10ADDCA11—15DBBBA16---20BBBBA21---25BBCBA26---30AADADUnit2Makingadifference重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)P.13-16做一件好事doagooddeed為…做貢獻(xiàn)makeacontributionto賺錢(qián)，掙錢(qián)earnmoney有錢(qián)上學(xué)havemoneyforschool使某人盡力維持下去keepsbgoing騎三輪腳踏車(chē)rideatricycle…的數(shù)量theamountof病人thesick進(jìn)行觀察makeanobservation臨床atasickbed沒(méi)有人受傷Thereisnobodyhurt處于控制之下undercontrolP.14-161.給某人提供某物supply…with…2.資助水利工程fundwaterproject3.配置凈水設(shè)施setuppurifywater4.回收利用廢水recyclewastewater5.開(kāi)發(fā)節(jié)水新技術(shù)developnewwaterconservationtechnologies6.做某事有困難,難以…h(huán)avetroubledoing7.向?qū)γ婵矗魍鹟ookacross8.讓他們生病makethemsick9.做園藝工作dogardening10.達(dá)到目標(biāo)reachatarget11.把錢(qián)捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)donate/givemoneytoacharity12.放棄giveup決心做某事bedeterminedtodo向某人求助askforhelpfrom…說(shuō)服某人做某事persuadesbtodosth與此同時(shí)atthesametime公開(kāi)宣布gopublic募捐raise/collectmoney對(duì)…感激begratefulto邀請(qǐng)某人做某事invitesbtodosth親眼看到了這口完工的井seethefinishedwellwithone’sowneyes出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)，證明是turnout有影響，有作用makeadifference突然笑起來(lái)breakintoasmile引導(dǎo)某人做某事leadsbtodo建立基金會(huì)setupafoundation鼓勵(lì)某人做某事encouragesbtodosth支持某人givesbsupport得益于，因…而得到好處benefitfrom使夢(mèng)想成真makeone’sdreamareality來(lái)自/產(chǎn)生于這種堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度growfromthedeterminedattitude越多越好themorethebetter幫助有需要的人helppeopleinneedP.17-191.打井取水digwellsfordrinkingwater2.承擔(dān)了一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期使命takeupanextendedmission3.顯得有點(diǎn)書(shū)生氣appeartobealittlebookish4.毫不猶豫做某事neverhesitatetodo5.對(duì)…有信心beconfidentabout6.提出，想出eupwith7.使…高興/振奮起來(lái)cheer…up8.有點(diǎn)，有幾分kindof9.自愿幫助經(jīng)營(yíng)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)volunteertohelpruncharities10.偶遇/無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)人們籌集資金eacrosspeopleraisingmoney11.發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrole12.適合于…besuitablefor13.打詢問(wèn)makeaphoneenquiry14.花點(diǎn)時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備問(wèn)題takeamomenttoprepareyourquestions15.必要時(shí)做筆記takenotesifnecessary16.盡管，不管，不顧inspiteof17.卷入…中，涉及…,包含在…中beinvolvedinP.20-211.受驚的孩子們frightededchildren2.傷心的父母heartbrokenparents3.拯救，使免遭savefrom4.在…手中atthehandsof5.生于某家庭bebornto6.取得…國(guó)籍take…nationality7.一離開(kāi)就…onleavingschool8.經(jīng)商workinbusiness9.逃離，逃脫escapefrom10.生活在惡劣環(huán)境下liveinterribleconditions11.在/處于危險(xiǎn)中evenif12.把孩子送到安全地方transportchildrentosafety13.把…記錄下來(lái)keeprecordsof14.擔(dān)任，充當(dāng)serveas15.在多數(shù)情況下forthemostpart16.從人們的記憶中消失disappearfrompeople’smemories17.收養(yǎng)takein18.一度，在某一時(shí)刻atonepoint19….的大多數(shù)themajorityof20.站起身來(lái)來(lái)risetoone’sfeet21.使…引起公眾的注意bring…topublicattention22.受世人尊敬的人物arespectedfigurearoundtheworld23.去世passaway24.中國(guó)有句俗語(yǔ)AstheChinesesayinggoes25.授予某人…awardsbsth26.為了紀(jì)念inhonourof27.從…提取extract…from28.被提名為…bedominatedfor29.推薦為…remendas…30.培養(yǎng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感developasenseofsocialresponsibility二、重點(diǎn)詞匯1.contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)contributevt.&vi.捐款;貢獻(xiàn);捐助;導(dǎo)致;投稿contributorn.貢獻(xiàn)者;捐助者;投稿者contributesthto...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給……contributeto為……做出貢獻(xiàn);有助于;導(dǎo)致makeacontribution/contributionsto為……做出貢獻(xiàn)2.reliefn.減輕,緩解,寬慰,輕松in/withrelief如釋重負(fù)toone’srelief使人寬慰的是relievevt.減輕;緩和relievesbofsth解除某人的(負(fù)擔(dān)、痛苦等)3.effectiveadj.有效的,產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的effectn.影響;效果affectvt.影響haveaneffect/influenceon/upon對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響e/gointoeffect生效bring/carry/oeffect實(shí)施;使……生效/起作用sideeffect副作用4.earnv.掙(錢(qián))earningsn.所得,收入,工資earn/makemoney掙錢(qián)earnone’sliving=makealiving謀生5.donatev.捐贈(zèng),捐獻(xiàn)donatesthto...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給……makeadonationto向……捐贈(zèng)6.breakintoasmile突然笑起來(lái)breakone’sword/promise違背諾言;食言breakup打碎;拆散;結(jié)束;分裂(解體);散開(kāi)breakdown出故障;失敗;垮掉breakin強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入;打斷breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入;突然開(kāi)始(笑、唱等)breakoff斷開(kāi);使折斷;中斷breakout突然開(kāi)始;爆發(fā)breakaway(fromsb/sth)逃脫;脫離;背叛(某人/某物)breakthrough取得突破;取得新的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)7.sensitiveadj.敏感的,容易生氣的besensitiveto對(duì)……敏感的;體貼的;善解人意的besensitiveabout介意……;在乎……inasense在某種意義上innosense決不(放在句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝)thereisnosenseindoingsth做某事沒(méi)有意義makesense有意義makesenseof理解8.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的begenerouswithsth在……方面很慷慨begeneroustosb對(duì)某人很大方hesitatev.遲疑,猶豫hesitantadj.猶豫不決的hesitationn.猶豫不決hesitatetodosth遲疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitateabout/in/at/over(doing)sth(做)某事猶豫不決withouthesitation毫不猶豫地havenohesitationindoingsth毫不猶豫地做某事assistancen.幫助,援助assistantv.助手;助理assistvt.幫助beofassistance有幫助的withtheassistanceof...在……的幫助下assistsbwith/insth幫助某人某事assistsbtodosth幫助某人做某事assistsbindoingsth幫助某人做某事11.confirmationv.證實(shí),證明……confirmatheory證實(shí)一種理論confirmone’sbelief堅(jiān)定某人的信念I(lǐng)thasbeenconfirmedthat……已經(jīng)證實(shí)……12.aidv.幫助,援助givesbfirstaid/givefirstaidtosb對(duì)某人進(jìn)行急救e/gotoone’said/help幫助某人inaidof為了援助withtheaidof在……的幫助下aidsbin/with(doing)sth在(做)某事方面幫助某人aidsbtodosth幫助某人做某事13.achievementn.成就,功績(jī)asenseofachievement成就感makeagreatachievement取得偉大的成就achieve/realiseone’sdream/aim實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想/目標(biāo)majoradj.重要的,主要的majorityn.大多數(shù)majorinsth主修(大專(zhuān)院校的)科目themajorityof大多數(shù)inthemajority占大多數(shù)minoradj.少數(shù)的minorityn.少數(shù)intheminority占少數(shù)15.treatmentn.治療;療法treatsblike/as...把某人當(dāng)……看待treatsthseriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事treatsb/oneselfto用……款待某人/自己undertreatment正在治療16.obtainv.獲得,得到obtainsthfrom...從……獲得某物obtainableadj.可獲得的三、重點(diǎn)句式1.Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?為什么那里的水那么臟以至于讓他們生病呢?【句式剖析】so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“如此……以至于……”。IwassonervousthatIcouldn’ttellwhichdirectionwasleft.我如此緊張,以至于分不清哪邊是左?！揪涫酵卣埂?1)so...that...句型的常見(jiàn)形式:so+adj./adv.+that...so+adj.+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that...so+many/few/much/little+n.+that...TherearesomanyspellingmistakesinyourpositionthatIcan’tunderstandwhatyouarewritingabout.(2)such...that...句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu):such+不定冠詞+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that...such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that...Dalianissuchanattractiveplacethatlotsoftouristsvisititeveryyear.大連是一個(gè)如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客來(lái)觀光旅游?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】當(dāng)so/such+修飾部分放在句首時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝。Sodesperatewashethathestoppedtryingandwaitedforhelp.他是如此絕望以至于他停止嘗試,等待救援。2.Whattheyneededwasawelldugneartheirhomes.他們所需要的是在他們家附近挖的一口水井。【句式剖析】此處what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ);dug是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng)。WhatamazedmemostwasthathewonfirstprizeintheEnglishspeechcontest.最讓我驚訝的是他在這次英語(yǔ)演講比賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)?！揪涫酵卣埂縲hat可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。what可以翻譯為“什么,所……的”。YouhadbetterhearwhatIhavetosay.你最好聽(tīng)聽(tīng)我的意見(jiàn)。【名師點(diǎn)津】注意名詞性從句中what和that的區(qū)別。what在從句中充當(dāng)成分,有意義。that在從句中不作成分,無(wú)意義,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以省略。3....Ryansaysthatthequestiontoaskisnot“Whydon’tIhelp?”,but“HowcanIhelptoday?”……Ryan說(shuō)他想問(wèn)的不是“我為什么沒(méi)有幫忙”,而是“今天我能怎樣幫忙?”?！揪涫狡饰觥看颂巒ot...but...連接兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相似、功能相同的句子成分。這種結(jié)構(gòu)否定but前的內(nèi)容,肯定but后的內(nèi)容。Whatmakeshisparentsworriedisnothisgradesbutthathehasn’tanyinterestinlearning.【句式拓展】not...but...連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。類(lèi)似用法的有:neither...nor...既不……也不……;either...or...不是……就是……;notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……;therebe句型。Notyoubutsheiswantedonthetelephone.里找的是她而不是你。4.Theamountofreliefandfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried,isoneofthemonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.病人在皮膚被仔細(xì)清洗和擦干后所體驗(yàn)到的舒適和安慰是臨床最常觀察到的現(xiàn)象。5.NowtickthesolutionsthatyouthinkaremosteffectivetosupplyAfricawithfreshwater.現(xiàn)在在你認(rèn)為最有效的給非洲提供淡水的解決方法下打?qū)础?.Atfirst,hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.起初,他的計(jì)劃是掙錢(qián)在非洲的某個(gè)地方建一口水井。7.She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sgenerous...她通常很害羞,但是她很慷慨……8.InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.在中國(guó),志愿者們也在環(huán)境保護(hù)、傷殘救助以及很多其他領(lǐng)域起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。9.weneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.……我們不僅需要捐錢(qián),而且需要提出新想法?！揪涫狡饰觥縩otonly...butalso...“不但……而且……”,連接并列成分。其中的also有時(shí)可以省略。10.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfrom