大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練：閱讀

前?言大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)筆試（CollegeEnglishBand6,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)）,考試的目的是參照《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)指南》（教育部高等學(xué)校大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)2015年制定）設(shè)定的教學(xué)目標(biāo)對(duì)我國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合運(yùn)用能力進(jìn)行科學(xué)的測(cè)量,同時(shí)也為用人單位了解我國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平提供參照依據(jù)。筆試每年舉行兩次。該考試閱讀部分的大綱內(nèi)容如下：考核的要求要求學(xué)生能讀懂一般性題材的英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊文章和其他英語(yǔ)材料；能閱讀題材較熟悉的學(xué)術(shù)文章；能較好地運(yùn)用閱讀策略幫助理解。仔細(xì)閱讀速度達(dá)到每分鐘90詞,快速閱讀速度達(dá)到每分鐘120詞。考核的技能閱讀理解部分考核學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀獲取書(shū)面信息的能力,包括理解主旨大意、重要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)、隱含意義,判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等。閱讀部分考核的技能如下：A.理解明示的信息01理解主旨大意02理解細(xì)節(jié)信息03理解作者明確表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等B.理解隱含的信息04概括主旨大意05推論隱含的意義06判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等C.運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言特征理解文章07理解上下文猜測(cè)詞和短語(yǔ)的意思08理解句間關(guān)系（如因果、比較、條件等）09運(yùn)用詞匯及語(yǔ)法銜接手段理解篇章各部分之間的關(guān)系ⅠD.運(yùn)用閱讀策略10運(yùn)用合適的閱讀策略幫助理解閱讀考核構(gòu)成試卷結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試內(nèi)容詞匯理解測(cè)試題型選詞填空匹配題目數(shù)量分值比例考試時(shí)間1010105%閱讀理解長(zhǎng)篇閱讀10%20％40分鐘仔細(xì)閱讀選擇題（單選）英語(yǔ)江湖流傳“得閱讀者得天下”,因此本教材涵蓋了2018-2020年閱讀真題,從題型分析,到閱讀學(xué)習(xí)方法,一應(yīng)俱全。建議學(xué)生至少利用8周以上時(shí)間進(jìn)行備考。正式備考之前,學(xué)生可自行選擇某一套真題,進(jìn)行閱讀部分的計(jì)時(shí)模擬測(cè)試,計(jì)算閱讀部分分?jǐn)?shù)。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自身的?？挤?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行分層練習(xí)。現(xiàn)將各分?jǐn)?shù)段備考計(jì)劃建議提供如下,供各位考生參考。閱讀150分及以下（打好基礎(chǔ)）1.夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),好好背單詞。直接在試卷上underline所有的生詞,標(biāo)注詞性、中文、同義詞,著重記憶詞性為動(dòng)詞、形容詞的單詞,然后通讀全文（次數(shù)≥2,如果是長(zhǎng)句,劃出每段的段落大意。2.3/9月至6/12月要堅(jiān)持做閱讀真題,真題（至少近3年真題）至少做兩遍,并且搞清楚語(yǔ)法。3.考前參加有道考神的全網(wǎng)免費(fèi)模考。閱讀180分左右（查漏補(bǔ)缺）1.搞清楚自己哪一部分失分多,,看看是否是做題技巧有偏差或者句子理解錯(cuò)誤；如果是段落匹配,看看是否是做題速度影響了做題效果；如果是單詞填空,看看是否是因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法和詞性掌握的不好。2.堅(jiān)持做真題,做到選項(xiàng)無(wú)生詞,無(wú)疑惑點(diǎn)。3.學(xué)會(huì)整合知識(shí)點(diǎn),例如近些年比較?？嫉脑掝}有自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē),人工智能,教育,環(huán)境保護(hù)等。建議考生把相同主題文章進(jìn)行集中學(xué)習(xí),將文章中和這個(gè)主題有關(guān)的單詞摘錄下來(lái),歸為一類(lèi),方便集中背誦理解。Ⅱ閱讀200分及以上（鞏固提升）1.這部分同學(xué)基礎(chǔ)比較扎實(shí),除了做真題,還可以適當(dāng)閱讀一些拔高類(lèi)的文章?？梢詤⒖甲x一下托福或雅思閱讀,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人或時(shí)代等外刊,上海中高級(jí)口譯證書(shū)考試需要用到的中高級(jí)口譯之閱讀教材或口語(yǔ)教材,里面有很多與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和環(huán)境保護(hù)相關(guān)的文章,跟如今的四六級(jí)閱讀考試主題步伐基本一致。2.學(xué)會(huì)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。對(duì)比每周做題情況,找出自己薄弱的題型,之后,每天單獨(dú)挑3~5題推斷題作專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。有道考神四六級(jí)團(tuán)隊(duì)真心希望廣大考生通過(guò)鉆研本教材,能夠在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。由于編寫(xiě)時(shí)間有限,書(shū)中也許會(huì)存在一些缺點(diǎn)或紕漏,希望廣大讀者給予批評(píng)和指正。祝各位順利過(guò)級(jí),學(xué)業(yè)有成。有道考神研發(fā)中心Ⅲ目錄01?六級(jí)閱讀歷年真題01112029384756657585952019年6月（第一套）2019年6月（第二套）2019年6月（第三套）2019年12月（第一套）2019年12月（第二套）2019年12月（第三套）2020年7月（第一套）2020年9月（第一套）2020年9月（第二套）2020年12月（第一套）2020年12月（第二套）Ⅰ1052020年12月（第三套）114?同義替換總結(jié)123?參考答案Ⅱ全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試介紹全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試介紹一、基本介紹CollegeEnglish符合大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試報(bào)名條件的人員包括：全日制普通高校專(zhuān)科、本科和研究生中的在校生；另外，本校已設(shè)六級(jí)考點(diǎn)，原則上不得跨?？荚?，非在校生不可報(bào)名參加考試。六級(jí)考試和四級(jí)考試一樣采用“多卷多題”的形式進(jìn)行，即每次考試采用三套不同試卷，聽(tīng)力部分使用兩套不同試題。二、考試題型與分值英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試總分為710分（寫(xiě)作106.5分+聽(tīng)力248.5分+閱讀248.5分+翻譯106.5分），各題型的分?jǐn)?shù)占比情況具體如下：試卷結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試內(nèi)容寫(xiě)作測(cè)試題型短文寫(xiě)作題目數(shù)量分值比例考試時(shí)間PartI115%30分鐘30分鐘寫(xiě)作長(zhǎng)對(duì)話878%7%PartII聽(tīng)力篇章聽(tīng)力理解講話/報(bào)道/講座1020%詞匯理解長(zhǎng)篇閱讀仔細(xì)閱讀選詞填空匹配10105%PartIII10%20%40分鐘30分鐘閱讀理解10PartIV漢譯英段落翻譯115%翻譯總計(jì)57100%130分鐘1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練三、考試流程14：40——15：00試音時(shí)間00——1015：10——15：40作文考試，作文題目在試題冊(cè)背面15：40——16：10聽(tīng)力考試16：10——16：15考試暫停5分鐘，收答題卡1(即作文和聽(tīng)力)16：15——17：25繼續(xù)答閱讀與翻譯題17：25全部考試結(jié)束，收試題冊(cè)與答題卡2（即閱讀與翻譯）四、考試評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（主觀題評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）1、作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：檔次檔次描述切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。14分檔分檔切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。8分檔5分檔基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。2分檔2、翻譯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：段落漢譯英，長(zhǎng)度為150—200個(gè)漢字。檔次檔次描述譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。譯文流暢，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，用詞貼切，基本無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。14分檔分檔8分檔譯文基本表達(dá)了原文的意思。結(jié)構(gòu)較清晰，語(yǔ)言通順，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。譯文勉強(qiáng)連貫，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。2全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試介紹譯文表達(dá)了小部分原文的意思。譯文連貫性差，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。5分檔2分檔除個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)或句子，譯文基本沒(méi)有表達(dá)原文的意思。五、注意事項(xiàng)1.考試時(shí)間英語(yǔ)六級(jí)筆試的考試時(shí)間為每年6月和12月，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)為130分鐘。2.考場(chǎng)須知（11500入場(chǎng)時(shí)必須主動(dòng)出示準(zhǔn)考證、學(xué)生證以及有效身份證件，接受考試工作人員核驗(yàn)，并按要求在考場(chǎng)簽到冊(cè)上簽名。未按規(guī)定攜帶有效證件的一律不得入場(chǎng)考試。在考試結(jié)束前禁止提前退場(chǎng)。（2）所有考生禁止攜帶手機(jī)等通訊設(shè)備或有存儲(chǔ)功能的電子設(shè)備進(jìn)入考場(chǎng)。違者一律取消考試資格或以作弊論處。（3）考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守考試紀(jì)律，獨(dú)立完成考試內(nèi)容，嚴(yán)禁冒名頂替、夾帶、抄襲等任何作弊行為，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有作弊行為者，將按照《國(guó)家教育考試違規(guī)處理辦法》給予相應(yīng)的處分。（4）考生須聽(tīng)從監(jiān)考教師指令，在規(guī)定時(shí)間打開(kāi)試卷、作答和停止作答，否則按違規(guī)處理?？忌诖痤}前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容：（1）背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問(wèn)題及時(shí)向監(jiān)考員反應(yīng)，確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。（2）請(qǐng)將試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試題冊(cè)背面相應(yīng)位置。（3）在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對(duì)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑?？忌诳荚囘^(guò)程中，請(qǐng)注意以下內(nèi)容：（1）所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊(cè)上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無(wú)效。（2）請(qǐng)?jiān)谝?guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽(tīng)力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊(cè)。聽(tīng)力錄音中含題目作答時(shí)間，播放完畢后，請(qǐng)3大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即回收答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。（3）作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊(cè)背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。（4）選擇題均為單選題，錯(cuò)選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時(shí)必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時(shí)須用橡皮擦凈。（5所有材料嚴(yán)禁帶出考場(chǎng)，考生需等監(jiān)考教師收齊并清點(diǎn)無(wú)誤后，方可離場(chǎng)。42019年6月（第一套）六級(jí)閱讀歷年真題2019年6月（第一套）?Part?Ⅲ?Reading?Comprehension（40minutes）Section?A?Directions:Inthissection,isapassagewithtenblanks.toselectoneforeachblankalistofchoicesgiveninabankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidenti?edbyaPleasemarktheletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethemaynotuseanyoftheinthebankthanonce.Questions26to35basedonthefollowingpassage.Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26becomebrittle（脆的）attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness—withouttheneedforexpensive28.fragilityatlowtemperatures?rstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondAfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed（用魚(yú)雷攻擊）numerousBritishships,a2700-strong?eetofcheap-and-cheerful“Libertyships”wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31to?ndasolutionbymixingitwithexpensive01大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練metalssuchasnickel.KimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownasthermoforming.Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33tothatofmodernsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.neededaweight—byreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexample.ThiscouldreducetheA）abruptlyB）additivesC）approachD）ardentlyE）besiegedF）channelK）hollowL）relevantM）reshuf?edN）strivedO）violentG）comparableH）componentsI）crackedJ）fracturesSection?B?Directions:Inthissection,yougoingtoapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingtheletteronAnswerSheet2.Theofpersonalsatellitetechnologyisweforit?[A]Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlike（無(wú)人機(jī)）beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.[B]AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.022019年6月（第一套）However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleuseThequestionhereisnolonger“Canwe?”but“Shouldwe?”Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas“professionals”?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbene?cialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.[C]Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofscience?ction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthat?tsthebill:CubeSats.The“Cube”heresimplyreferstotheshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescan?tinalaunchformerly“wastedspace”.MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.[D]Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They’reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit（LEO）—aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceandtheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits,NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads（tothemoonandMarsespecially）tocarryCubeSats.[E]Becausethey’resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.[F]The?rstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheSputnik（前蘇聯(lián)的人造衛(wèi)星）.Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOf?ceandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearemorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.03大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練nonpro?tcorporationsaswell.satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.[G]TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats’importanceinscienti?cdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.titalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn’trisk-free.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspacedebris—piecesof“junk”thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.[H]theremanyCubeSatsandthey’retrackedasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesmightleadtothe“creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats”.[I]CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow’sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkittheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some“expertamateurs”inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceed[J]In1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation（）wascreatedinordertofosterhamradioenthusiasts’（業(yè)余無(wú)線電愛(ài)好者）participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedthebegunin1961,byProjectOSCAR—aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedthevery?rstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,wasputting“amateur”satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open-sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple.theorganization,hasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverythingmakingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,?rstCubeSat,thismeansthatnowaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.[K]However,they’remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof“self-governance”ispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunity042019年6月（第一套）members,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayerswhohavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?[L]Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standingamateurestablishment.They’restillconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesofregulations—allofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere’sadangerthey’reill-equippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whattheseunintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.weknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphone—wehavemicro?nanceandtext-basedsocialnetworkingatoneendofthespectrum,and（臨時(shí)制作的）explosivedevicesatthe[M]ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportant—notsimplytoensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchcommunityinanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasytask.ttheevidencefromandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunityconsiderstoberesponsible,actuallyis.Here’swherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesandscienti?ccommunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSat36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuseofsatellites.37.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogethertoaccomplishmorecomplextasks.38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.40.iscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.41.NASAtolaunchCubeSatsfreeofforeducationalandresearchpurposes.42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSattechnologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutcomes.05大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstootherspacevehicles.44.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.45.operatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.Directions:2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorun?nishedstatements.ForeachofthemfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethePassageOneQuestions46to50basedonthefollowingpassage.WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.ItuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingfriendswithcolleaguesasapriorityatall.Thisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichcollegial（同事的）tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedcon?ict,undermining,andmore.Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofof?ceenvironment.WhereasasIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyful?llingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,researchershavelookedattheconceptof“indifferentrelationships”.asimpletermthatencapsulates（概括）thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconducted062019年6月（第一套）thusfarindicatesthey’reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.IndifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallyMaintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakesForsomeofus,toomuchAsnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbene?ts.OneofthoseisLesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandchurning（產(chǎn)出）.Theotherisself-esteem.Ashumanbeings,we’reprimedtocompareourselvestoeachotherinwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanfriends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals’senseofself-worth.Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenone’sfocusontaskresolution,andtogaingreateraccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,I’lltakeit46.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecorporateworld?A）Makingnewfriendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.B）Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.C）Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.D）Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?A）InharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseonB）Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimtocultivate.C）ClosecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductD）Con?ictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?A）Theyshouldbecultivated.B）Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.C）Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.D）Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.07大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?A）Theyfeeluncomfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.B）Theyoften?ndthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.C）Theyareunwillingtomaketomaintainworkplacerelationships.D）50.Whatisoneofthebene?tsofindifferentrelationships?A）Theyprovidefunatwork.B）Theyhelpcontrolemotions.C）Theyhelpresolvedifferences.D）TheyimproveworkPassageQuestions51to55basedonthefollowingpassage.Inafewdecades,arti?cialintelligence（AI）willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelievemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequirean“irrational”response.Oneofthemostsigni?cantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly2017wastheofGoogletomakeautonomousdrivingaAccordingtoareport,self-drivingcarsclocked1,023,330km,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmilesto0.2,a400%improvement.suchprogress,Google’scarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisDrivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputerbeatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardgameGo（圍棋）tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinkingin2016,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheleadingprofessionalGoplayers.computersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeaninthefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whatwillhisplacebeinaworldwheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?He’llnevercalculateneverdriveoreven?ymoreitallcomesdowntoafairlysimplequestion:sospecialaboutus?Itbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.Sofar,machineshaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredictedbyaandyetmorethansimplerandomness.082019年6月（第一套）Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformation-processingmachines,we’llsoonhavehelpfulrationalassistants.Sowemustaimtocomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthantocompetewithit.IfI’mright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitywillcomplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducationsystemhasnotcaughtuptotheapproachingreality.Indeed,ourschoolsanduniversitiesarestructuredtomouldpupilstobemostlyobedientservantsofrationality,andtodevelopoutdatedskillsininteractingwithoutdatedmachines.needtohelpourchildrenlearnhowtobestworkwithsmartcomputerstoimprovehumandecision-making.Butmostofallweneedtokeepthelong-termperspectiveinmind:thatevenifcomputerswilloutsmartus,wecanstillbethemostcreative.Becauseifwewebeprovidingmuchvalueinfutureecosystems,andthatmayputinquestionthefoundationforourexistence.51.WhatisthegreatestconcernabouttheuseofAI?A）Computersareperforminglotsofcreativetasks.B）Manyabilitieswillceasetobeuniquetohumanbeings.C）Computersmaybecomemorerationalthanhumans.D）Manyhumanskillsarefastbecomingoutdated.52.Whatimpressestheauthormostinthe?eldofAI?A）experimentaldriverlesscarsrequirelittlehumanintervention.B）carshavesurpassedhisdrivingabilityinjustasingleC）Googlehasmadehugeprogressinautonomousdrivinginashorttime.D）Googlehasbecomeaworldleaderinthe?eldofautonomousdriving.53.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcreativity?A）Itisrational.B）Itispredictable.C）Itishumanspeci?c.D）ItisyettobeemulatedbyAI.54.WhatshouldschoolshelpchildrendointheeraofAI?A）Cultivateoriginalthinking.B）LearntoworkC）Competewithsmartmachines.D）UnderstandhowAIworks.09大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練55.Howcanwehumansjustifyourfutureexistence?A）Byconstantlyoutsmartingcomputers.B）Byadoptingalong-termperspective.C）ByrationallycompromisingwithAI.D）Byprovidingvaluewithour102019年6月（第二套）2019年6月（第二套）?Part?Ⅲ?Reading?Comprehension（40minutes）Section?A?Directions:Inthissection,isapassagewithtenblanks.toselectoneforeachblankalistofchoicesgiveninabankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidenti?edbyaPleasemarktheletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethemaynotuseanyoftheinthebankthanonce.Questions26to35basedonthefollowingpassage.Pastaisnolongeroffthemenu,afteranewreviewofstudiessuggestedthatthecarbohydratecanformpartofahealthydiet,andevenhelppeopleloseweight.Foryears,nutritionistshaverecommendedthatpastabekepttoa26,tocutcalories,preventfatbuildupandstopbloodsugar27up.Thelow-carbohydratefoodmovementgavebirthtosuchdietsastheArkins,PaleoandKeto,whichadvisedswappingfoodslikebread,pastaandpotatoesforvegetables,fishandmeat.Morerecentlythetrendofswappingspaghettiforvegetableshasbeen28byclean-eatingexperts.Butnowa29reviewandanalysisof30studiesbyCanadianresearchersfoundthatnotonlydoespastanotcauseweightgain,butthreemealsaweekcanhelppeopledropmorethanhalfakilogramoverfourmonths.Thereviewersfoundthatpastahadbeenunfairlydemonized（妖魔化）becauseithadbeen30inwithmorefat-promotingcarbohydrates.“Thestudyfoundthatpastadidn’t31toweightgainorincreaseinbodyfat,”saidleadauthorDrJohnSievenpiper.“In32theevidence,wecannowsaywithsomeconfidencethatpastadoesnothavean33effectonbodyweightoutcomeswhenitis11大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)精講精練consumedaspartofahealthydietarypattern.”Infact,analysisactuallyshowedasmallweightloss.So34toconcerns,perhapspastacanbepartofahealthydiet.Thoseinvolvedinthe35trialsonaverageate3.3servingsofpastaaweekinsteadofothercarbohydrates,oneservingequalingaroundhalfacup.Theylostaroundhalfakilogramoveranaveragefollow-upof12weeks.A）adverseF）intimateG）lumpedH）magni?edI）minimumJ）radiatingK）rationB）championedC）clinicalL）shootingM）subscribeN）systematicO）weighingD）contraryE）contributeSection?B?Directions:Inthissection,yougoingtoapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingtheletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBestRetailersCombineBricksandClicks[A]Retailpro?tsarefallingStoresareclosing.Mallsareemptying.Thedepressingstoriesjustkeepcoming.ReadingtheearningsannouncementsoflargeretailstoreslikeNordstrom,andisaboutasupliftingasatourofanintensivecareunit.Theinternetisapparentlytakingdownyetanotherindustry.Brickandmortarstores（實(shí)體店）seemtobegoingthewayoftheyellowpages.Sureenough,theCensusBureaujustreleaseddatashowingthatonlineretailsales15.2percentbetweenthe?rstquarterof2015andthe?rstquarterof2016.[B]Butbeforeyoudumpallofyourretailstocks,therearemorefactsyoushouldconsider.Lookingonlyatthat15.2percent“surge”wouldbemisleading.Itwasanincreasethatwasonasmallbaseof6.9percent.Evenwhenatinynumbergrowsbyapercentageterms,itisoftenstill[C]Morethan20yearsaftertheinternetwasopenedtocommerce,theCensusBureautells122019年6月（第二套）usthatbrickandmortarsalesaccountedfor92.3percentofretailsalesinthe?rstquarterof2016.Theirdatashowthatonly0.8percentofretailsalesshiftedfromof?inetoonlinebetweenthebeginningof2015and2016.[D]So,despiteallthetalkaboutdrone（無(wú)人機(jī)）deliveriestoyourdoorstep,alltheretailexecutivesexpressinganxietyoverconsumersgoingonline,andevenaPresidentialcandidateexclaimingthatAmazonhasa“hugeantitrustproblem”,theCensusdatasuggestthatphysicalretailisthriving.Ofcourse,theclosedstores,depressedexecutives,andsinkingstockssuggestotherwise.therealstory?[E]Manyfirmsoperatingbrickandmortarstoresareintroubl