浙江省紹興市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月高考科目診斷性考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2023年11月紹興市高考科目診斷性考試英語(yǔ)第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A.Hewentoutforawalk.B.Hehadagooddrink.C.Hewatchedamovie.2.HowwillEricgototheconference?A.Bysubway.B.Bycar.C.Bytaxi.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.ThewomancantryonabluedressB.ThedresssuitsthewomanwellinlengthC.Stronglightsinfluencethechoiceofcolor.4.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Onatrain.C.Onaplane5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Schedulesforasummercamp.B.Preparationsforatrip.C.Tipsforbookinghotels.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatisthewomanprobably?A.Asaleswoman.B.Apoliceofficer.C.Atrafficschoolinstructor.7.Howmanyhoursadayonaveragearerequiredforthecoursestudy?A.Twohours.B.ThreehoursC.Sixhours.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.WhydoesDavidcallMary?A.Toaskforalift.B.Toadvisehertogetrelaxed.C.Tohelphimwithhomework.9.WhattaskdoesMaryhavetofinishnextTuesday?A.Takeaphysicsexam.B.Submitabookreport.C.Finishanoralpresentation.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.HowdoesJanetfeelaboutthesituationofcamerashopsinthetown?A.Embarrassed.B.Surprised.C.Ashamed.11.WhichcamerashopisColinvisiting?A.TheoneonDixonStreet.B.TheoneonEdgarStreet.C.TheoneonHatfieldStreet12WhydosomecamerashopscloseaccordingtoColin?A.Camerasareold-fashioned.B.GoodphotoscanbetakenwithphonesC.ThingspurchasedontheInternetcostless.13.WhatisColin’splanthisweekend?A.Buyingsomememorycards.B.Takingphotosforawedding.C.Attendingtohisfriends’kids.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhendidJenniferstartcooking?A.Asachild.B.Asamother.C.Asareporter.15.WhatisSimple.FastandHealthy?A.Awomen’smagazine.B.Afoodblog.C.Arecipecollection.16.WhatledJennifertostartwritingaboutfood?A.HerloveforwritingB.Herfinancialburden.C.Herdesireforanaward17.WhoaretheintendedreadersofJennifer’sblog?A.Full-timemoms.B.Herfamilymembers.C.Busymothers.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whydoesthecompanyorganizethetrainingprogramforitsstaff?A.Tobuilduptheirteamspirit.B.Toenhancetheirleadershipskills.C.Toencouragethemtotakeadventures.19.Whatwillthelecturesfocuson?A.Howtobuildpublicrelations.B.Howtoachievepeople’slifegoals.C.Howtoimprovelongdistancerunning20.Howwilltheprogramassesstheparticipants?A.Byorganizingatestattheendoftheprogram.B.Byrecordingtheirperformanceinareport.C.Bygradingtheirabilitytosolvetoughproblems第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AUSATODAY’sBest-sellingBooklistUSATODAYcollectssalesdatafrombooksellersrepresentingavarietyofoutlets:bookstorechains,independentbookstores,masssellers,andonlineretailers.Usingthatdata,wedeterminethe150top-sellingtitlesoftheweek.Thetop150arepublishedonlineWednesdaysat6am.TherankingsreflectsalesfromthepreviousMondaythroughSunday.FourthWingbyYarros,Rebecca“Suspensefulandwithincrediblyentertainingstorytelling,thefirstinYarros’Empyreanserieswilldelightfansofromantic,adventure-filledfantasy.”-Booklist,starredreview.“FourthWingwillhaveyourheartpoundingfrombeginningtoend.Afantasylikeyou’veneverreadbefore.”-NewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorJenniferL.Genre:Fantasy-Epic,Fantasy-RomanticPublished:May02,2023PreviousRank:1TomLakebyPatchett,AnnInthisbeautifulandmovingnovelaboutfamily,love,andgrowingup,AnnPatchettonceagainprovesherselfoneofAmerica’sfinestwriters.“AnnPatchettleadsustoatruththatfeelslikeliferatherthanliterature.”-TheGuardianGenre:Literary,FamilyLife-General,ComingofAge.Published:August01,2023PreviousRank:2SafeandSoundbyStardust,MercuryDon’tpanic-MercuryStardust,AKATheTransHandyMa’amisheretohelp!Fortoomanypeople,thesimpleactofcontactingarepairpersoncanfeellikeagameofchance.Ifyou’veeverfeltpanickedaboutopeningyourhometostrangersinordertofixamaintenanceissue,thisbookisforyou.Genre:Maintenance&Repair,ReferencePublished:August22,2023PreviousRank:n/a1.WhatdoesUSATodaydotoensurethereliabilityofitsbestsellingbooklist?A.Takingthereaders’reviewsintoaccount.B.Layingemphasisonthebooks’previousranks.C.Makingthelistbasedonthebooks’monthlysalesD.Obtainingsalesdatafromdifferentdistributionchannels2.WhatdoFourthWingandTomLakehaveincommonaccordingtothereviews?A.BothcameoutintheAugustof2023.B.Bothareconnectedwiththefutureoffamilylife.C.BothappearedinthepreviousrankoftheBooklist.D.BothwritersarebestsellingauthorsofNewYorkTimes3.WhichbookisprobablythemostpopularwithDIYlovers?A.FourthWing. B.SafeandSound.C.TomLake. D.TheGuardian.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了《今日美國(guó)》暢銷書(shū)排行榜上幾本書(shū)情況。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Usingthatdata,wedeterminethe150top-sellingtitlesoftheweek.Thetop150arepublishedonlineWednesdaysat6am.(使用這些數(shù)據(jù),我們確定150年暢銷冠軍。)”可知，《今日美國(guó)》從不同分銷渠道獲取銷售數(shù)據(jù)以確保其暢銷書(shū)單的可靠性。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章FourthWingbyYarros,Rebecca部分中“PreviousRank:1(往屆排名：1)”和TomLakebyPatchett,Ann部分中“PreviousRank:2(往屆排名：2)”可知，這兩本書(shū)都出現(xiàn)在之前的書(shū)單排行榜上。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章SafeandSoundbyStardust,Mercury部分中“Fortoomanypeople,thesimpleactofcontactingarepairpersoncanfeellikeagameofchance.Ifyou’veeverfeltpanickedaboutopeningyourhometostrangersinordertofixamaintenanceissue,thisbookisforyou.Genre:Maintenance&Repair,Reference(對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，聯(lián)系維修人員這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的行為就像是一場(chǎng)碰運(yùn)氣的游戲。如果你曾經(jīng)為了解決維修問(wèn)題而對(duì)陌生人敞開(kāi)家門感到恐慌，那么這本書(shū)就是為你準(zhǔn)備的。類型：維護(hù)與修理，參考)”可知，SafeandSound可能最受DIY愛(ài)好者的歡迎。故選B。BItwasasunnyafternooninJuneof2022when20-year-oldAnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.Ontheplatform,twomenwerefightingbitterly.Thentheunthinkablehappened:thepairfellovertheedgeandontothetracks.Onemanendeduponhisback.Suddenly,hestartedconvulsing(抽搐)unnaturally.Hehadfallenatopthethirdrail,theconduit(導(dǎo)線管)forthe600voltsofelectricitythatpowersChicago’sLtrains.Theaggressorleapedbackward,boundedbackupontotheplatformanddisappeared.Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereandwatch.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.Hetookafewquickboundsandapproachedthevictim.Theguylookeddead,hisbodystillmovingviolentlyastheelectricitypulsed.Gatheringuphiscourage,Perryreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.Instantly,hefeltablastofelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryshrankandjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearmand,bravingtheshock,pulledwithallhisstrength.Theguy’sbodyslidbrieflyalongthethirdrail,comingtorestonthegravelontheouteredgeofthetracks.Themanwasbreathing,butirregularly.Somethingwasn’tright.“Givehimchestcompressions(按壓)!”yelledawoman.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimbeganconvulsing.Thenheheardasuddennoisebehindhim-medicalworkersandfirefightershadarrived.Perrylettheprofessionalstakeover.Hisheartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandheadedhome.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident.Afterafriendoutedhimtothemedia,PerrybecamethetoastofChicago.PerrywasthenrecruitedbytheChicagoFireDepartmentandisnowtrainingtobeanemergencymedicaltechnician.4.Whatmadetherescueofthevictimparticularlydifficult?A.Themanhadlosthisconsciousness.B.ThevictimlayinjuredontopofatrackC.Therescuerwasatriskofanelectricshock.D.Theelectricitypoweringtrainswashardtocutoff.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPerryaccordingtoparagraphs3-4?A.Hehadreceivedprofessionalfirstaidtraining.B.Thelocalnewspaperinterviewedhimonthespot.C.Hischestcompressionsplayedakeyroleinsavinglife.D.Hisheartbeatfastbecauseofnervousnessandtiredness.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4mean?A.PerrylandedajobintheFireDepartment.B.ThecityofChicagoawardedPerryaprize.C.ChicagoanstoastedPerryforhisbravedeedsD.PerrygotpopularandgreatlyadmiredinChicago7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tocreditaherowithsavingavictim’slife.B.TohighlightPerry’scourageinstoppingafight.C.Tostresstheimportanceofcalmnessinrescuework.D.Todisplaypeople’scooperationinassistingthevictim.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了安東尼·佩里在芝加哥69街車站不顧個(gè)人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hehadfallenatopthethirdrail,theconduit(導(dǎo)線管)forthe600voltsofelectricitythatpowersChicago’sLtrains.(他掉在了第三根鐵軌上，那是芝加哥L型列車600伏電力的輸送管道。)”和第二段中“Theguylookeddead,hisbodystillmovingviolentlyastheelectricitypulsed.Gatheringuphiscourage,Perryreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.Instantly,hefeltablastofelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryshrankandjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.(那家伙看上去已經(jīng)死了，他的身體在電擊時(shí)還在劇烈地移動(dòng)。佩里鼓起勇氣，伸手抓住了受害者的手腕。瞬間，他感到一陣電擊穿過(guò)他的身體。佩里畏縮了一下，跳了回去。他又把手伸下去，又被電擊了。)”可知，救援行動(dòng)非常危險(xiǎn)是因?yàn)橛杏|電的危險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimbeganconvulsing.(佩里不是專業(yè)人士，但他還是在這個(gè)人的心臟上按壓了一陣，直到受害者開(kāi)始抖動(dòng)。)”可知，佩里不專業(yè)的心臟復(fù)蘇操作讓受害者身體有了反應(yīng)，說(shuō)明他的胸部按壓對(duì)挽救生命起了關(guān)鍵作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句上文“Afterafriendoutedhimtothemedia(在一個(gè)朋友向媒體透露他的英勇行為之后)”和常識(shí)可知，在媒體得知了佩里的英勇行為后會(huì)對(duì)他進(jìn)行大肆的宣傳報(bào)道，這樣的無(wú)名英雄自然會(huì)成為人們追捧的對(duì)象，受到人們的歡迎和尊敬。所以劃線句與“PerrygotpopularandgreatlyadmiredinChicago(佩里在芝加哥很受歡迎，很受尊敬)”意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章講述了安東尼·佩里在芝加哥69街車站不顧個(gè)人的安危，勇敢地拯救跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事。所以本文的寫作目的就是表彰英雄佩里，因?yàn)樗攘耸芎φ叩纳９蔬xA項(xiàng)。COvercominglearningdisabilitieshaslongbeenachallengeforeducatorsandstudentsalike.However,recentadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)technologyhaveshownpromiseinrevolutionizingthewayweapproacheducationforstudentswithlearningdisabilities.OneofthemostsignificantwaysAIcanassististhroughtheuseofadaptivelearningsystems.Thesesystemsusealgorithms(算法)toanalyzeastudent’sperformanceandadjustthelearningcontentandpaceaccordingly.Thispersonalizedapproachallowsthemtoprogressattheirownpace,withoutfeelingoverwhelmedorleftbehind.Furthermore,adaptivelearningsystemscanidentifyareaswhereastudentmaybestrugglingandprovidetargetedsupport.AnotherwayAIcansupportthemisthroughnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)technology.NLPenablescomputerstounderstandandinterprethumanlanguage,allowingAI-poweredtoolstoprovidereal-timefeedbackonastudent’swrittenwork.Thiscanbeparticularlybeneficialforstudentswithdyslexia,whooftenstrugglewithspelling,grammar,andsentencestructure.Byprovidingimmediatefeedback,studentscanidentifyandcorrecttheirmistakes,leadingtoimprovedwritingskillsandincreasedconfidence.AIcanalsoplayaroleindevelopingtheirsocialandemotionalskills.Manystudentswithlearningdisabilitiesexperiencesocialisolation.AI-poweredsocialrobotscanrecognizeandrespondtohumanemotions,allowingstudentstoengageininteractiveconversationsandactivitiesthathelpdeveloptheirsocialandemotionalintelligence.WhilethepotentialbenefitsofAIineducationareclear,itisessentialtorecognizeAIisn’taone-size-fits-allsolution.EducatorsmustcarefullyconsiderthemoralimplicationsofusingAIintheclassroomandensurethesetoolsareusedresponsiblyandwiththebestinterestsofthestudentsinmind.Moreover,itiscrucialtorememberAIshouldn’treplacehumaneducatorsbutratherserveasatooltoenhanceandsupporttheirefforts.Teachersplayavitalrolebyprovidingempathy,understanding,andguidancethatcannotbereproducedbyamachine.BycombiningthepowerofAIwiththeskillsandcompassionofhumaneducators,wecancreateamoreinclusiveandeffectiveeducationalenvironmentforallstudents.8.Howcanadaptivesystemshelpstudentswithlearningdisabilities?A.Byadjustingtheirlearningmethods.B.Byanalyzingtheirlearningabilities.C.Bysatisfyingtheircuriosityinlearning.D.Byofferingpersonalizedlearningguidance9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dyslexia”inparagraph3referto?A.Amentalillnessaffectinghumanintelligence.B.Abraindiseaseleadingtolackofconfidenceinstudy.C.Alanguage-relatedskillappliedinthelearningprocess.D.Alearningdisorderinvolvingdifficultyinreadingandwriting10.WhatisthevalueofAI-poweredsocialrobots?A.Engagingstudentsinlearningactivities.B.Narrowingthesocialdistancebetweenpeople.C.Assistinglearnerstoovercomesocialisolation.D.Helpinglearnersadopteffectivereadingstrategies.11.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAIinthelastparagraph?A.Itcan’tprovideunderstandinglikehumaneducators.B.Itcan’tcreateaninclusivelearningenvironment.C.Itcanmeetawiderangeoflearningneeds.D.Itcanguaranteelearners’datasecurity.【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。克服學(xué)習(xí)障礙一直是教育工作者和學(xué)生共同面臨挑戰(zhàn)。然而，人工智能技術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展顯示出了徹底改變學(xué)習(xí)障礙學(xué)生教育方式的希望。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句和第三句“Thesesystemsusealgorithms(算法)toanalyzeastudent’sperformanceandadjustthelearningcontentandpaceaccordingly.Thispersonalizedapproachallowsthemtoprogressattheirownpace,withoutfeelingoverwhelmedorleftbehind.(這些系統(tǒng)使用算法來(lái)分析學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)，并相應(yīng)地調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容和節(jié)奏。這種個(gè)性化的方法可以讓他們按照自己的節(jié)奏進(jìn)步，而不會(huì)感到不知所措或落后。)”可知，適應(yīng)性系統(tǒng)通過(guò)提供個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)來(lái)幫助有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的學(xué)生。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“whooftenstrugglewithspelling,grammar,andsentencestructure(經(jīng)常在拼寫、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上掙扎)”可知，此處是指有讀寫困難的學(xué)生，所以dyslexia意為“一種涉及閱讀和寫作困難的學(xué)習(xí)障礙”。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句和第三句“Manystudentswithlearningdisabilitiesexperiencesocialisolation.AI-poweredsocialrobotscanrecognizeandrespondtohumanemotions,allowingstudentstoengageininteractiveconversationsandactivitiesthathelpdeveloptheirsocialandemotionalintelligence.(許多有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的學(xué)生經(jīng)歷社會(huì)孤立。人工智能社交機(jī)器人可以識(shí)別并回應(yīng)人類的情緒，讓學(xué)生參與互動(dòng)對(duì)話和活動(dòng)，幫助發(fā)展他們的社交和情商。)”可知，人工智能社交機(jī)器人的價(jià)值是幫助學(xué)習(xí)者克服社會(huì)孤立。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句“Teachersplayavitalrolebyprovidingempathy,understanding,andguidancethatcannotbereproducedbyamachine.(教師通過(guò)提供機(jī)器無(wú)法復(fù)制的同理心、理解和指導(dǎo)，發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。)”可知，作者在最后一段中表明人工智能無(wú)法像人類教育者那樣提供理解。故選A。DInagroundbreakingeffort,scientistsattheUniversityofRochesterhavesuccessfullytransferredalongevitygenefromnakedmoleratstomice,leadingtoenhancedhealthandalongerlifespanforthemice.Unlikemanyotherspecies,theratsdonotoftencontractdiseases-includingcancer-astheyage.VeraGorbunova,theDorisJohnsCherryProfessorofbiologyandmedicineatRochester,alongwithAndreiSeluanov,aprofessorofbiology,andtheircolleagueshavedevoteddecadesofresearchtounderstandingtheuniquemechanisms(機(jī)制)thatthenakedmoleratsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstaginganddiseases.TheresearchersdiscoveredthatHMW-HAisonemechanismresponsiblefortherats’unusualresistancetocancer.Comparedtomiceandhumans,nakedmoleratshaveabouttentimesmoreHMW-HAintheirbodies.WhentheresearchersremovedHMW-HAfromtheratcells,thecellsweremorelikelytoformtumors(腫瘤).“Ourstudyprovidesaproofofprinciplethatuniquelongevitymechanismsthatevolvedinlong-livedmammalscanbeexportedtoimprovethelifespansofothermammals,”saysGorbunova.TheRochesterrescarchersreportinastudypublishedinNaturethattheysuccessfullytransferredageneresponsibleformakingHMW-HAfromanakedmolerattomice.Thisledtoimprovedhealthandanapproximate4.4percentincreaseinthemedianlifespanforthemice.Byintroducingaspecificgeneresponsibleforenhancedcellularrepairandprotectionintomice,theresearchershaveopenedexcitingpossibilitiesforunlockingthesecretsofagingandextendinghumanlifespan.“Ittookus10yearsfromthediscoveryofHMW-HAinthenakedmolerattoshowingthatHMW-HAimproveshealthinmice,”Gorbunovasays.“Ournextgoalistotransferthisbenefittohumans.”Theybelievetheycanaccomplishthisthroughtworoutes:eitherbyslowingdownthedegradationofHMW-HAorbyenhancingHMW-HAsynthesis.“Wehopethatourfindingswillprovidethefirst,butnotthelast,exampleofhowlongevityadaptationsfromalong-livedspeciescanbeadaptedtobenefithumanlongevityandhealth.”Seluanovsays.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.ThebeneficialeffectsofHMW-HAonhumansB.ThecomparisonbetweenmiceandhumansinlongevityC.TheprocessoftransferringgenesproducingHMW-HA.D.Thediscoveryofauniquemechanismforcancerresistance.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheRochesterresearchers?A.Theyhaveuncoveredthesecretsofhumans.B.TheymanagedtoendtheweakeningofHMW-HA.C.TheyareplanningtoexportlongevitygenestohumansD.Theyhavespent10yearstryingtodiscoverHMW-HA14.WhatdoesSeluanovthinkoftheprospectofextendinghumanlifespan?A.Hopeful B.Profitable. C.Doubtful. D.Uncertain.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PromiseShowninControlofHumanGenesB.ScientistsSuccessfullyTransferLongevityGeneC.AchievementMadeinExtendingHumanLifespanD.NewBreakthroughPavestheWayforCuringCancer【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的努力中，羅切斯特大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們成功地將一種長(zhǎng)壽基因從裸鼴鼠轉(zhuǎn)移到老鼠身上，使老鼠更健康，壽命更長(zhǎng)。文章介紹了研究的開(kāi)展過(guò)程、研究的發(fā)展以及專家對(duì)此的看法。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlikemanyotherspecies,theratsdonotoftencontractdiseases-includingcancer-astheyage.VeraGorbunova,theDorisJohnsCherryProfessorofbiologyandmedicineatRochester,alongwithAndreiSeluanov,aprofessorofbiology,andtheircolleagueshavedevoteddecadesofresearchtounderstandingtheuniquemechanisms(機(jī)制)thatthenakedmoleratsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstaginganddiseases.TheresearchersdiscoveredthatHMW-HAisonemechanismresponsiblefortherats’unusualresistancetocancer.Comparedtomiceandhumans,nakedmoleratshaveabouttentimesmoreHMW-HAintheirbodies.WhentheresearchersremovedHMW-HAfromtheratcells,thecellsweremorelikelytoformtumors(腫瘤).(與許多其他物種不同的是，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，這些老鼠通常不會(huì)患上包括癌癥在內(nèi)的疾病。羅徹斯特大學(xué)多麗絲·約翰·切里生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)教授VeraGorbunova和生物學(xué)教授AndreiSeluanov以及他們的同事花了幾十年的時(shí)間研究裸鼴鼠保護(hù)自己免受衰老和疾病侵害的獨(dú)特機(jī)制。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，HMW-HA是導(dǎo)致老鼠對(duì)癌癥具有不同尋常抵抗力的機(jī)制之一。與小鼠和人類相比，裸鼴鼠體內(nèi)的HMW-HA含量大約是人類的10倍。當(dāng)研究人員從大鼠細(xì)胞中去除HMW-HA時(shí)，這些細(xì)胞更容易形成腫瘤)”可知，第二段主要講了發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種獨(dú)特的抗癌機(jī)制。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Ittookus10yearsfromthediscoveryofHMW-HAinthenakedmolerattoshowingthatHMW-HAimproveshealthinmice,”Gorbunovasays.“Ournextgoalistotransferthisbenefittohumans.”(“從發(fā)現(xiàn)裸鼴鼠體內(nèi)的HMW-HA到證明HMW-HA能改善老鼠的健康狀況，我們花了10年的時(shí)間，”Gorbunova說(shuō)。“我們的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)是將這種益處轉(zhuǎn)移到人類身上?！?”可知，他們計(jì)劃向人類輸出長(zhǎng)壽基因。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Wehopethatourfindingswillprovidethefirst,butnotthelast,exampleofhowlongevityadaptationsfromalong-livedspeciescanbeadaptedtobenefithumanlongevityandhealth.”Seluanovsays.(“我們希望我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)將提供第一個(gè)，而不是最后一個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明長(zhǎng)壽物種的長(zhǎng)壽適應(yīng)性如何有益于人類的長(zhǎng)壽和健康?！盨eluanov說(shuō))”可推知，Seluanov認(rèn)為延長(zhǎng)人類壽命的前景充滿希望。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inagroundbreakingeffort,scientistsattheUniversityofRochesterhavesuccessfullytransferredalongevitygenefromnakedmoleratstomice,leadingtoenhancedhealthandalongerlifespanforthemice.(在一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的努力中，羅切斯特大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們成功地將一種長(zhǎng)壽基因從裸鼴鼠轉(zhuǎn)移到老鼠身上，使老鼠更健康，壽命更長(zhǎng))”結(jié)合文章介紹了研究的開(kāi)展過(guò)程、研究的發(fā)展以及專家對(duì)此的看法。故B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家成功轉(zhuǎn)移長(zhǎng)壽基因”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PelotonstarBenAlldisshareshis“foreverexercise”tipsformaintainingahealthylifestyle.Startsmall.Somethingassimpleasgoingforawalkinnatureisincrediblybeneficialforourmentalandphysicalhealth.___16___Behonestaboutwhereyou’dliketogetto,andputsmallstepsinplacetomakeimprovements.Mixupyourtraining.There’srealbenefitinjustmovingyourbodythroughthingslikewalkingtoworkandgardening.Ithinktheconceptofexercisebeing“overhere”,andtheneverythingelsebeing“overthere”,istoolimiting.Itneedstobemoreinclusive.___17___Besmartwithyourdiary.Iliketotalkabout“energygivers”versus“energytakers”.Energytakersarethingslikespendingtoomuchtimeonsocialmediaandbingedrinking;whileexerciseandgoodfoodareenergygivers.Iwasanathletegrowingup,thenIwentintofinanceinmy20sandlostmyselftotally.___18___ButwhenIchangedmylifestyle,myproductivitylevelsincreased.Giveprioritytosleep.IreadMatthewWalker’sbookWhyWeSleep:TheNewScienceofSleepandDreams.___19___Isawadramaticinfluenceonmyproductivitylevelsandabilitytojustfunction.SoI’lllookatwhatIdidlastnightbeforeIwenttobed,andthenlookattheimpactithadonmysleep.Understandyourbodyclock.Everyonehasadifferentrhythm

—somepeopleworkbetterlaterintheday,othersprefertogetupearly.Sothemostimportantthingisfindingtherighttimeforyou.___20___Ifyouprioritiseyourhealthasmuchasyouprioritiseotherthings,andscheduleitinyourdiarylikeameeting,it’sfarmorelikelytohappen.A.I’velearnttoscheduleworkouts.B.Ifcycling’syourusualthing,mixitupwithtennisoryoga.C.Ifyourunoutofmotivation,changeyourworkoutroutine.D.Itinspiredmetodigdeeplyintosleepandprioritizeit.E.I’drecommendtakinganassessmentofwhereyouaretoday.F.Ididn’thaveagymmembership,orhavetimetoworkout.G.Slowlyyoumakeimprovements,andthequalityofyoursleepgetsbetter.【答案】16.E17.B18.F19.D20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了本·奧爾迪斯分享的他保持健康生活方式的“永遠(yuǎn)鍛煉”秘訣。【16題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Behonestaboutwhereyou’dliketogetto,andputsmallstepsinplacetomakeimprovements.(誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)出你想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，并采取適當(dāng)?shù)男〔襟E來(lái)改進(jìn)。)”可知，此處是指先測(cè)試自己目前的程度，再設(shè)定想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，所以選項(xiàng)E“我建議你評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的程度。”切合文意。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Mixupyourtraining.(混合訓(xùn)練。)”和“Itneedstobemoreinclusive.(它需要更具包容性。)”可知，此處是指要多幾項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)混合搭配，所以選項(xiàng)B“如果騎自行車是你的習(xí)慣，那就把它和網(wǎng)球或瑜伽混在一起?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“ButwhenIchangedmylifestyle,myproductivitylevelsincreased.(但是當(dāng)我改變了我的生活方式后，我的工作效率提高了。)”可知，前文和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以前文中是講“我”之前并不鍛煉，所以選項(xiàng)F“我沒(méi)有健身房會(huì)員卡，也沒(méi)有時(shí)間鍛煉?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xF?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Giveprioritytosleep.IreadMatthewWalker’sbookWhyWeSleep:TheNewScienceofSleepandDreams.(優(yōu)先考慮睡眠。我讀了馬修·沃克的書(shū)《我們?yōu)槭裁此X(jué)：睡眠與夢(mèng)的新科學(xué)》。)”可知，此處是指前文中提到的書(shū)啟發(fā)了“我”要優(yōu)先考慮睡眠，所以選項(xiàng)D“它激勵(lì)我深入研究睡眠，并優(yōu)先考慮它。”切合文意。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Everyonehasadifferentrhythm—somepeopleworkbetterlaterintheday,othersprefertogetupearly.Sothemostimportantthingisfindingtherighttimeforyou.(每個(gè)人都有不同的節(jié)奏——有些人在一天的晚些時(shí)候工作得更好，有些人則喜歡早起。所以最重要的是為你找到合適的時(shí)間。)”和后文“Ifyouprioritiseyourhealthasmuchasyouprioritiseotherthings,andscheduleitinyourdiarylikeameeting,it’sfarmorelikelytohappen.(如果你把健康看得和其他事情一樣重要，并把它像會(huì)議一樣安排在你的日記里，那就更有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。)”可知，此處是指要學(xué)會(huì)安排鍛煉的時(shí)間，所以選項(xiàng)A“我學(xué)會(huì)了安排鍛煉。”切合文意。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。HearingtheOlympicswerecomingtoVancouver,Idecidedtogoforitsvoluntarywork.I’dforgottenwhatitwasliketoputmyselfouttheretomakefriends.IwasgladIdidn’thaveanyoneIknewwithmebecauseIwouldn’thavemetCallie___21___Takingtheriskofsittingbyherstarteda___22___.Istillkeepintouchwithher.Asnightfellbeforetheopeningceremonies,IwasstationedoutsidetheMMC.Accentsfromallover___23___myears.Thegamesseemedto___24___thewholeworld.Suddenly,Icouldseepeoplerunningtowardtheharbour.IturnedtoCallie,“Isn’tthatthewaytothetorch(火炬)?”Welookedateachotherandstartedtorun.MyheartpoundedasIsprinted.Theairseemedtobe___25___witheveryone’sexcitement,likeakindofelectricenergypulsingthroughus.I’dneverfelta(n)___26___likeitbefore.Then,fireworks___27___intotheairaboveus.Theirbrightcolorsglitteredagainstthedarksky.Ihad___28___thelightingofthetorchmanytimesonTV,buttoactuallyseeit___29___wasamazing.Whenthelastofthefireworks___30___,therestoodtheOlympictorchunveiled(揭幕)inallits___31___withitsflameslickingatthenightsky.Evennow,Icanstillremembertheheatfromthetorch.Ihadbeenoneofthe___32___MMCstafftowalkunderneathitwhileitburned.Abeacon(燈塔)of___33___forthefuture.Istoodforamomentrightunderit,listeningtothe___34___voicesofmynewfriends,andIknewI’dmadeoneofthebest___35___ofmylife.21.A.otherwise B.therefore C.however D.instead22.A.conversation B.cooperation C.friendship D.career23.A.struck B.filled C.blocked D.awoke24.A.dominate B.rebuild C.change D.unite25.A.charged B.accompanied C.connected D.furnished26A.wonder B.impact C.atmosphere D.challenge27.A.flooded B.transferred C.released D.exploded28.A.watched B.advocated C.sought D.identified29.A.inparticular B.inperson C.aswell D.asusual30.A.dieddown B.setoff C.cameout D.passedby31.A.power B.reputation C.glory D.faith32.A.permanent B.professional C.reliable D.lucky33.A.view B.hope C.appeal D.aim34.A.excited B.determined C.convincing D.astonishing35.A.contributions B.conclusions C.decisions D.evaluations【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.A31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者是溫哥華奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者，親眼目睹了火炬的點(diǎn)燃，作者感到自己很幸運(yùn)，認(rèn)為做了一生中最好的一個(gè)決定?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興身邊沒(méi)有熟人，否則我就不會(huì)遇到凱麗了。A.otherwise否則；B.therefore因此；C.however然而；D.instead相反。根據(jù)上文“IwasgladIdidn’thaveanyoneIknewwithmebecauseIwouldn’thavemetCallie”可知為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“身邊沒(méi)有熟人，否則就不會(huì)遇到凱麗了?！惫蔬xA?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：冒著坐在她旁邊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始了一段友誼。A.conversation對(duì)話；B.cooperation合作；C.friendship友誼；D.career事業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“I’dforgottenwhatitwasliketoputmyselfouttheretomakefriends.(我已經(jīng)忘了自己出去交朋友是什么感覺(jué)了)”此處指兩人成為了朋友，開(kāi)始了一段友誼。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：各地的口音充斥著我的耳朵。A.struck罷工；B.filled裝滿；C.blocked阻塞；D.awoke醒來(lái)。根據(jù)后文“myears”指口音充斥著耳朵，應(yīng)用fill。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：奧運(yùn)會(huì)似乎把全世界團(tuán)結(jié)在了一起。A.dominate控制；B.rebuild重建；C.change改變；D.unite團(tuán)結(jié)。根據(jù)后文“witheveryone’sexcitement,likeakindofelectricenergypulsingthroughus”描述了大家都很興奮，可推知奧運(yùn)會(huì)似乎把全世界團(tuán)結(jié)在了一起。故選D。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：空氣中似乎充滿了每個(gè)人的興奮，就像一種電能在我們身上脈沖。A.charged負(fù)責(zé)；B.accompanied陪伴；C.connected連接；D.furnished供應(yīng)。根據(jù)后文“witheveryone’sexcitement”指空