2022年河北大學(xué)英語考試真題卷16測

2022年河北大學(xué)英語考試真題卷

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1.{{I}}Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheend

ofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.

NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}

WhatcausedtheMinnesotaRivertonmoutofitsbank

A.Theheavysnowfall.

B.Themeltingsnowandheavyrain.

C.Thetropicalstorm.

D.Thedikehasbeendestroyed.

2.Mr.WilliamPerrey.

A.wasnominatedforDefenseSecretary

B.wasmemberoftheSenateAnnaServicesCommittee

C.wasconcernedbythegrowingtensionontheKoreanPeninsula

D.isDeputy-SecretaryofDefense

3.{{B}}TEXTE{{/B}}

Theroleofandtreatmentofthehousewife,whichisreallythemajor

boneofcontentioninsociaIsecurityreform,has,ofcourse,amajor

pIaceinfeministthought.BettyFriedansbook,TheFeminineMystique,

whichwasinfluentialininitiatingthecurrentwaveoffeminisminthe

UnitedStates,centeredonthedisadvantagestowomenofassumingthe

housewife,srole.AlIfeministsbeIievethatwomenshouldnotbeforced

intoassumingit,andthatalternativechoicesshouldbeavaiIabIe.Many

feminists,suchasthepresentwriter,gofurtherandbeIievethatthe

disadvantagesoftheroleofhousewifearesogreatthatitwouIdbebetter

ifyoungerwomenweretoavoidenteringtheroleeventemporarilyand

ifthe"option“toassumetheroleweretodisappear.

Thereisasecondstrandoffeministthoughtconcerninghousewives,

whichderivesfromthesolidaritywhichfeministsfeelwithaIIwomen,

housewivesincluded.Thissolidarityexpressesitselfinaconcernto

a11eviateinjuries(physicalandpsychologicalasweIIasfinanciaI)

infIictedonhousewivesbytheirhusbandsandbytheinstitutionsof

society.Thissecondstrandisnotlogicallycontradictorytothefirst;

itispossibletolovethesinner(thehousewifeherself)whilehating

thesin(pIayingtherole).Nevertheless,thetwostrandsdotendtocut

differentwaysintermsofpolicy.Moreover,individuaIfeministthinkers

differintheemphasistheyplaceoneach.

ThesetwostrandsoffeministthoughtinspiretwokindsofcompIaints

againstthesociaIsecuritysystem-thatsomehousewivesaretreated

toowe11andthatsomehousewivesaretreatednotweIIenough.The

housewiveswhoaretreatedtooweIIarethosemarriedtoretiredmen,

whoareenabIedbythesystemtoIiveatahigherstandardthanretired

workingwiveswhosefamiIyhadcomparabletotalcoveredearnings.The

housewiveswhoaretreatednotweIIenougharethesewhosedignityis

scantedbytreatmentasadependent,orthosewhosemarriagesend,and

whosehusbandsretainalIrightstosociaIsecurity(andprivatepensions)

earnedduringthemarriage.

Thesolidarity-with-housewivesstrandoffeministthoughtresultsin

attitudeswhichemphasizethehousewife,sproductivenessandgive

dignitytothepositionofhousewife.ItresultsinpoIicysuggestions

whichwouldhavetheeffectofmakingthewomanwhobecomesandremains

ahousewifesafer,morecomfortable,IesssubjecttofinanciaIshipwreck,

moreabIetoholdupherheadasaproductivememberofsociety.Themost

characteristicproductofthislineofthoughtisthesuggestionthat

housewivesbeawardedsociaIsecuritycreditsforthehomemakingwork

theydo.Somecreditschemeswouldrequirethehouseholdtopaytaxes

inreturnforthecredit;otherswouIdnot.Onemeritofhomemakercredits

intheeyesofthesolidarity-with-housewivesadvocatesisthatitmakes

houseworkand"paidwork"morealike,therebyraisingthestatusof

houseworkpsychologicallyandfinancially.Asecondmerit,ofcourse,

isthatintheeaseofdivorcethehomemakerwouldkeephercredits,and

thuswouldbemorefinanciaIIyindependentthatisthecasenow.

Theauthoradvocatesthatwomen.

A.shouldnotassumetherolesofhousewivesatall

B.menshouldsharehomemakingwiththeirwives

C.nootherrolesshouldbeofferedtowomenthanbeinghousewives

D.womenshouldassumetherolesofhousewivesonlytemporarily

4.WhatmakesmanypeopIebeIievethatourfutureenergydemandswiII

easilybemet

A.Theprogressindevelopingalternativeenergy.

B.Theabundantdeposit.

C.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.

D.Alloftheabove.

5.{{B}}TEXTD{(/B)}

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedas

revolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestabIishedandproducing

notwhatisacceptabIebutwhatwiIIbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothis

formulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendstheIimitsofan

existingformandestabIishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,

theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestabIishedIimitsis

misleadingwhenitisappIiedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalid

forthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighly

creativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthe

sciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.

Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiverse

phenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Such

phenomenaasabriIIiantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtothe

roleofdata,servingasthemeansforformuIatingortestinganewtheory.

Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitself

becomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare9sHamIet

isnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesof

poIiticaIpower,norisPicasso9spaintingGuernicaprimarilya

prepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsof

fascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanew

generalizationthattranscendsestabIishedlimits,butratheran

aestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighly

creativeartistextendorexploit,ratherthantranscendthatform.

ThisisnottodenythatahighIycreativeartistsometimesestabIishes

anewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;the

composerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,

comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacomposition

estabIishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingon

itsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipieoforganization,

somemusicaIworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,are

ofsignaIhistoricalimportance,butfewIistenersormusicoIogistswouId

incIudetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart1

snTheMarriageofFigaro^^issurelyamongthemasterpieceofmusiceven

thoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmens.

IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppIedtherulesandfreedmusic

fromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.Butaclosestudyofhis

compositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentaIrules.

Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits-the

rules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuch

asHaydnandMozart,HandeIandBach-instrikinglyoriginalways.

Accordingtotheauthor,distinetionsbetweenthoseengagedinthe

creativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexpIainedby.

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupport

theirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventional

forms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinorder

tocreatenewworks

6.({BJ1TEXTB{{/B}}

Aseveryancientmarinerknew,travelingbysailisasimplewayto

go.Thoughthewindscouldbefickleandtheboatspokey,theenergysource

thatmovedtheshipwasfree,pIentifuIandrenewabIe.Nowtilesame

technoIogythatconqueredtheoceansofEarthmayconquertheoceanof

space.

ThisweekaRussianandAmericanconsortiumwiIIannounceplansfor

anApriIIaunchofthefirstso-caIIedsolar-saiIvehicle,amulticasted

spacecraftthatwi11usesunIighttopushitseIfalong.ToapubIicraised

onsmoke-and-firerocketry,theideaofdrawingenergystraightfrom

spaceseemsfaneifuI.TothepeopIebehindthenewship,however,the

technoIogyisnotonlysensiblebutinevitable,theeasiestwayto

reinventthebusinessofcosmictraveI."ThisalIowsustouseverylittle

fueltoflyverygreatdistances,HsaysBudSchurmeier,aformerNASA

engineerandanadvisertotheproject."It'sanin-triguingconcept.,r

Theideabehindsolarsailingissimple.AlthoughIightismadeof

masslessparticlescalledphotons,suchephemeralthingsexertreal

pressure,especiallywhentheyflowsocloseasourceasthesun.Attach

asaiIofIightweightMylarorothermaterialtoaspacecraft,setit

upinthepathof.thatoutrushingenergy,andyououghttobeableto

moveinaImostanydirection.

NASAhasakeeninterestinsolarsaiIingandhadbudgeted$5mi11ion

toinvestigate17possiblemissions.ItmayseIectoneasearlyasnext

month.Butwhilethespaceagencyhasbeenmullingplans,thepeopIe

behindthenewship,dubbedCosmosI,havebeengettingsettofly.The

projectisthebrairichiIdofRussia'sBabakinSpaceCenter,nearMoscow,

andthePlanetarySocietyinPasadena,Calif.,athinktankfoundedin

1979byastronomerCarISaganandothers.Thetwogroupshadlongbeen

developingplansforasolar-saiImissionbutgotthecashtomakeit

happenonlylastyearwhenAnnDruyan,Sagan,swidowandheadofthe

MediaCompanyCosmosStudios,andJoeFirmage,thefounderofUSWeb,

threwtheirnamesandabout$4miIIionbehindtheeffort."IhadtaIked

topeopIeaboutsolarsaiIingbefore,"saysLouFriedman,formerengineer

attheJetPropuIsionLaboratoryinPasadenaanddirectorofthePIanetary

Society,nbutbetweentheRussians1capabiIitiesandAnn'svision,I

knewthisonewouIdclick.11

Thespacecraftisa3-ft.metalwitheight35-ft.metalIicwings.Mylar

petaIssproutfromit-thoughtheprototypeusedintheApriIlaunch

wiIIhavejusttwopetals.MountedatopareconfiguredRussianICBMand

IaunchedfromasubintheBarentsSeartheCosmosIwillflytoan

altitudeof260milesrwhereitwiIIdepIoythewingsandfloatfora

minuteofso.IfalIgoeswell,thewingswi11thenbejettisonedand

thesphereaerobrakedbacktoEarth,itsbounce-downonRussiansoiI

cushionedbyairbags.

Bysomemeasures,thiscosmiclobshotisnotthatimpressive,but

forsolar-saiIscientists,theengineeringiseverything.Fewdoubt

thatwhensunIightstrikesthewings,thespacecraftwiIIaccelerate;

thekeyisbuiIdingwingsthatcanopenandpivot,allowingtheshipto

tackintothesolarstream.Ifthismissionworks,amoreambitious

orbitalflight,usingtheeight-paneIedcraft,issetfortheendofthe

year.Thespace-craftcouIdcircleEarthformonths,surfingthesununtiI

designersshutitdown."TherewiIIbeagrandeurtoit,"saysDruyan,

"a70-ft.saiIthatwiIIbevisibletothewholeplanet.n

Grandeuraside,criticswonderifsolarsailshaveafuture.The

techniqueisproblematicinEarthorbit,sincethechangingpositionof

sunreIativetothespace-craftmakesconstanttackingnecessary.Sailing

isbestusedforasthecrow-fliesshotstoneighboringplanets.Even

inthesecases,progresscanbeslow,sincesunIightexerts,atmost,

2lbs.ofpres-surepersquarehalf-miIe,requiringayearormoreto

revaspacecrafttointerplanetaryspeeds.Worse,beyondJupiter,

sunIightflickersoutalmostentirely;togoanyfartherwouldrequire

energybeamenfromEarthorbit,perhapsbygiantlaserhowitzers.MNone

ofthesethingshasbeentested,"saysMelMonte-merIo,oneofNASA5

ssolar-saiIingchiefs.11Wehavealongwaytogo.

WhetherthatwiIIcontinuetoseemsuchalongwaymaydependonthe

spring-timeflightofCosmosI.Asuccessfulmissionhasawayofmaking

impossibletechnologiesseempossible-abigburdenforasmalIrocket

thatwill,foronedayatleast,carrythehopesoftheworld,sspace

community.

Whatistheenergysourceofthisso-ca11edsolar-saiIvehicle

A.Sunlight.

B.Nuclear.

C.Wind.

D.Electricity.

7.{{BHTEXTE{{/B}}

Theroleofandtreatmentofthehousewife,whichisreallythemajor

boneofcontentioninsocialsecurityreform,has,ofcourse,amajor

placeinfeministthought.BettyFriedanJsbook,TheFeminineMystique,

whichwasinfIuentiaIininitiatingthecurrentwaveoffeminisminthe

UnitedStates,centeredonthedisadvantagestowomenofassumingthe

housewife'srole.AlIfeministsbeIievethatwomenshouldnotbeforced

intoassumingit,andthatalternativechoicesshouldbeavaiIable.Many

feminists,suchasthepresentwriter,gofurtherandbeIievethatthe

disadvantagesoftheroleofhousewifearesogreatthatitwouIdbebetter

ifyoungerwomenweretoavoidenteringtheroleeventemporarilyand

ifthe"optionntoassumetheroleweretodisappear.

Thereisasecondstrandoffeministthoughtconcerninghousewives,

whichderivesfromthesolidaritywhichfeministsfeelwithalIwomen,

housewivesincluded.Thissolidarityexpressesitselfinaconcernto

alIeviateinjuries(physicalandpsychologicalasweIIasfinancial)

infIictedonhousewivesbytheirhusbandsandbytheinstitutionsof

society.ThissecondstrandisnotlogicalIycontradictorytothefirst;

itispossibletolovethesinner(thehousewifeherself)whilehating

thesin(pIayingtherole).Nevertheless,thetwostrandsdotendtocut

differentwaysintermsofpolicy.Moreover,individualfeministthinkers

differintheemphasistheyplaceoneach.

ThesetwostrandsoffeministthoughtinspiretwokindsofcompIaints

againstthesociaIsecuritysystem-thatsomehousewivesaretreated

tooweIIandthatsomehousewivesaretreatednotweIIenough.The

housewiveswhoaretreatedtooweIIarethosemarriedtoretiredmen,

whoareenabIedbythesystemtoIiveatahigherstandardthanretired

workingwiveswhosefamiIyhadcomparabletotalcoveredearnings.The

housewiveswhoaretreatednotweIIenougharethesewhosedignityis

scantedbytreatmentasadependent,orthosewhosemarriagesend,and

whosehusbandsretainalIrightstosociaIsecurity(andprivatepensions)

earnedduringthemarriage.

Thesolidarity-with-housewivesstrandoffeministthoughtresultsin

attitudeswhichemphasizethehousewife9sproductivenessandgive

dignitytothepositionofhousewife.Itresultsinpolicysuggestions

whichwouldhavetheeffectofmakingthewomanwhobecomesandremains

ahousewifesafer,morecomfortable,IesssubjecttofinanciaIshipwreck,

moreabIetoholdupherheadasaproductivememberofsociety.Themost

characteristicproductofthislineofthoughtisthesuggestionthat

housewivesbeawardedsociaIsecuritycreditsforthehomemakingwork

theydo.Somecreditschemeswouldrequirethehouseholdtopaytaxes

inreturnforthecredit;otherswouldnot.Onemeritofhomemakercredits

intheeyesofthesolidarity-with-housewivesadvocatesisthatitmakes

houseworkand"paidwork"morealike,therebyraisingthestatusof

houseworkpsychologicallyandfinancially.Asecondmerit,ofcourse,

isthatintheeaseofdivorcethehomemakerwouldkeephercredits,and

thuswouldbemorefinanciaIIyindependentthatisthecasenow.

Theword"strand"(thefirstsentenceinthesecondparagraph)isclosest

inmeaningtotheword.

A.series

B.line

C.error

D.strength

8.

{{B}}TEXTA{{/B}}

AfulImoonwasshiningdownonthejungle.Accompaniedonlybyan

Indianguide,theAmericanexplorerandarchaeologistEdwardHerbert

Thompson-thirteenhundredyearsaftertheMayashadlefttheircities

andmadeabreakforthecountryfarthernorth-wasridingthroughthe

NewEmpirethattheyhadbuiltforthemselves,whichhadcollapsedafter

thearrivaloftheSpaniards.HewassearchingforChichen-Itza,the

largest,mostbeautifuI,mightiest,andmostspIendidofaIIMayancities.

HorsesandmenhadbeensufferingintensehardshipsonthetraiI.Thompson,

sheadsaggedonhisbreastfromfatigue,andeachtimehishorsestumbIed

healIbutfelIoutofthesaddle.SuddenIyhisguideshoutedtohim.

Thompsonwokeupwithastart.HeIookedaheadandsawafairyland.

Abovethedarktreetopsroseamound,highandsteep,andontopof

themoundwasatemple,bathedincoolmoonIight.Inthehushofthenight

ittoweredoverthetreetopsIiketheParthenonofsomeMayanacropolis.

Itseemedtogrowinsizeastheyapproached.TheIndianguidedismounted,

unsaddledhishorse,androlledouthisbIanketforthenight1ssleep.

Thompsoncouldnottearhisfascinatedgazefromthegreatstructure.

Whiletheguidepreparedhisbed,hesprangfromhishorseandcontinued

onfoot.Steepstairsovergrownwithgrassandbushes,andinpartfallen

intoruins,ledfromthebaseofthemounduptothetempIe.Thompson

wasacquaintedwiththisarchitecturalfrom,whichwasobviouslysome

kindofpyramid.HewasfamiIiar,too,withthefunctionofpyramidsas

knowsinEgypt.ButthisMayanversionwasnotatomb,IikethePyramids

ofGizeh.Externallyitratherbroughttomindaziggurat,buttoamuch

greaterdegreethantheBabyIonianzigguratsitseemedtoconsistmostIy

ofastonyfillprovidingsupportfortheenormousstairsrisinghigher

andhigher,towardsthegodsofthesunandmoon.

Thompsonclimbedupthesteps.HeIookedattheornamentation,the

richreIiefs.OntopraImost96feetabovethejungle,hesurveyedthe

scene.Hecountedone-two-three-ahaIf-dozenscatteredbuiIdings,

halfhiddeninshadow,oftenrevealedbynothingmorethanagleamof

moonIightstone.

This,then,wasChichen-Itza.Fromitsoriginalstatusasadvance

outpostatthebeginningofthegreattrektothenorth,ithadgrown

intoashiningmetropolis,theheartoftheNewEmpire.Againandagain

duringthenextfewdaysThompsonclimbedontotheoldruins.MIstood

upontheroofofthistempIeonemorning,11hewrites,"justasthefirst

raysofthesunreddenedthedistanthorizon.ThemorningstiIInesswas

profound.Thenoisesofthenighthadceased,andthoseofthedaywere

notyetbegun.Antheskyaboveandtheearthbelowseemedtobe

breathlesslywaitingforsomething.Thenthegreatroundsuncameup,

flamingsplendidly,andinstantlythewholeworldsangandhummed.The

birdsinthetreesandtheinsectsonthegroundsangagrandTeDeum.

Natureherselftaughtprimalmantobeasunworshipperandmaninhis

heartofheartsstillfoIIowstheancientteaching.n

Thompsonstoodwherehewas,immobiIeandenchanted.ThejunglemeIted

awaybeforehisgaze.Widespacesopenedup,processionscreptuptothe

tempIesite,musicsounded,paIacesbecamefilledwithrevelIing,the

tempIeshummedwithreligiousadjuration.HetriedtorecognisedetaiI

inthebiIlowingforest.Thensuddenlyhewasnolongerbemused.The

curtainoffancydroppedwithacrash;thevisionofthepastvanished.

Thearchaeologisthadrecognisedhistask.Foroutthereinthejungle

greenhecoulddistinguishanarrowpath,barelytracedoutintheweak

Iight,apaththatmightleadtoChichen-1tza1smostexcitingmystery:

theSacredWell.

WhatwasThompson'sfirstreactiontothesceneahead

A.Heremainedinthesaddleforseveralminutesspellbound.

B.Heimmediatelyjumpeddownandwentforward.

C.Hewaiteduntilhisbedwasreadyandthendismounted.

D.Herodetothemoundandstaredatthestructurebeforehim.

9.{{B}}TEXTC{{/B}}

InApriI1995,ayoungChinesechemistrystudentatBeijingUniversity

laydyinginaBeijinghospital.Shewasinacoma,andaIthoughher

doctorshadperformednumeroustests,theycouldnotdiscoverwhatwas

killingher.Indesperation,astudentfriendpostedanSOSdescribing

hersymptomstoseveralmedicaIbuIIetinboardsandmailingIistsonthe

Internet.Aroundtheworld,doctorswhoregularlycheckedthese

electronicbuIIetinboardsandIistsrespondedimmediately.

InWashingtonD.C.,Do,JohnAldis,aphysicianwiththeU.S.

DepartmentofState,sawthemessagefromChina.UsingtheInternet,he

forwardedthemessagetocolleaguesinAmerica.Soonaninternational

groupofdoctorsjoinedthee-maildiscussion.Adiagnosisemerged-

thewomanmighthavebeenpoisonedwiththaIlium,ametaIresembIingIead.

ABeijinglaboratoryconfirmedthisdiagnosis-thethaIIium

concentrationinherbodywasanmuchas1,000timesnormaI.Moree-maiI

communicationfollowed,astreatmentwassuggestedandthenadjusted.

Thewomanslowlybegantorecover.WeiIoverayearlater,the

internationalmedicaIcommunitywasstillkeepingtabsonhercondition

throughtheelectronicmediumthatsavedherIife.

It's11:30p.m.,you'reisSanFranciscoonbusiness,andyou

wanttocheckformessagesatyourofficeinVirginia.Firstyoudial

inandgetyourvoicemail.Nextyouplugyourportablecomputerinto

thehotel-roomtelephonejack,hitafewkeys,andpickupe-ma11from

apotentiaIclientinSouthAfrica,yoursisterinLondon,andabusiness

associateinDetroit.Beforewritingyourresponse,youdoaquickbit

ofsearchontheInternet,trackingdownthenameoftheonlinenewsgroup

youhadmentionedtothemaninDetroitandthetitleofabookyouwanted

torecommendtoyoursister.Afewmorekeystrokesandinmomentsyour

electroniclettershavereachedLondonandDetroit.Then,knowingthat

thetimedifferencemeansthenextworkdayhasbeguninSouthAfrica,

youcalItherewithoutasecondthought.

Thesestoriesreflectsociety1sincreasingreIianceonsystemof

globalcommunicationthatcanIinkyouequallyeasilywithsomeonein

thenexttownorhaIfwayaroundtheworld.Theexpandedtelephone-1ine

capacitythathasaIIowedthegrowthoftheseformsofcommunicationis

arecentphenomenon.TheUnitedStateshasenjoyeddomesticteIephone

serviceformorethanacentury,butoverseasteIephonecallswere

difficultuntiIrelativelyrecently.ForanumberofyearsafterWorld

WarIItcallstoEuropeorAsiaretiedonshort-waveradiosignals.It

sometimestookanoperatorhourstosetupa3-minutecall,andifyou

gotthrough,theconnectionwasoftennoisy.

In1956,thefirsttransatlanticcopperwirecablea11owed

simultaneoustransmissionof36telephoneconversations-acausefor

celebrationthen,asmalInumbertoday.Othercablesfollowed;bythe

early1960s,overseasteIephonecallshadreached5millionperyear.

ThencamesateIIitecommunicationinthemiddle1960s,andby1980,the

telephone