考研翻譯基礎(chǔ)篇解讀課件

考研翻譯基礎(chǔ)篇考研翻譯是什么?2010.46.(page181,passage14)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.rescue營(yíng)救,拯救distinctly明顯地shaky搖晃的totheeffectthat大意是,意思是insects昆蟲(chóng)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.1.科學(xué)家跳到了營(yíng)救,帶著一些明顯搖晃的證據(jù),大意是說(shuō):昆蟲(chóng)將吃光我們,如果鳥(niǎo)失敗控制它們.1)“帶著…證據(jù)”顯然不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,→”用(使用)…證據(jù)2)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,“昆蟲(chóng)將…,如果…”→”如果…昆蟲(chóng)將…”3)“失敗…”→”不能(做)…”2.科學(xué)家跳到了營(yíng)救,他們使用一些明顯搖晃的證據(jù),大意是說(shuō):如果鳥(niǎo)不能控制昆蟲(chóng),昆蟲(chóng)將吃光我們.科學(xué)家跳到了營(yíng)救,他們使用一些明顯搖晃的證據(jù),大意是說(shuō):如果鳥(niǎo)不能控制昆蟲(chóng),昆蟲(chóng)將吃光我們.“跳到了營(yíng)救”顯然不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)“搖晃的證據(jù)”亦不屬于中文表述.科學(xué)家急忙介入,但提出的證據(jù)顯然站不住腳,這些證據(jù)大意是,如果鳥(niǎo)類不能控制昆蟲(chóng)數(shù)量,昆蟲(chóng)便會(huì)吞噬我們?nèi)祟?

(官方參考譯文)可接受譯法不可接受譯法jumptotherescue迅速/急忙來(lái)救援(營(yíng)救)跳起來(lái)營(yíng)救shaky不可靠的,站不住腳的搖動(dòng)的,顫抖的考研翻譯就是”自己理解和使人理解”使人理解?==

則取決于你的表達(dá)

考研翻譯是什么?考研翻譯=理解+表達(dá)

1.理解:難!2.表達(dá):也不易,哎~理解與表達(dá),哪個(gè)更重要?

2010.47.(page181,passage14)Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.drawn(draw)拉,畫(huà),推斷;向...移動(dòng),挨近intrinsic固有的,內(nèi)在的,本質(zhì)的regardlessof不管,不顧Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.但是我們已經(jīng)至少挨近一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),承認(rèn)鳥(niǎo)應(yīng)該繼續(xù)作為一種固有權(quán)利的東西,不管對(duì)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的存在或者缺失.1)“鳥(niǎo)應(yīng)該繼續(xù)作為一種固有權(quán)利的東西”→”鳥(niǎo)應(yīng)該作為一種有權(quán)利的東西繼續(xù)(活)下去”→”鳥(niǎo)應(yīng)該有繼續(xù)(活下去)的權(quán)利.”2)“經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”→”經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”3)“不管對(duì)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的存在或者缺失.“→不管它們對(duì)我們是否存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益.Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.但我們至少已經(jīng)挨近了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),承認(rèn)鳥(niǎo)應(yīng)該有繼續(xù)活下去的權(quán)利,不管它們對(duì)我們是否存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益.(正確)但我們至少近乎承認(rèn),無(wú)論鳥(niǎo)類能否帶給我們經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,它們自有生存下去的權(quán)利.(官方參考譯文)評(píng)分參考II.閱讀理解C節(jié):5小題,每題2分,共10分.●如果句子譯文明顯扭曲原文意思,該句得分最多不超過(guò)0.5分.明顯扭曲原文

←理解錯(cuò)誤理解正確,但嚴(yán)重不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá),酌情扣分(一般扣0.5)→理解更重要●如果考生就一個(gè)題目提供了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的譯法,若均正確,得分;如果其中一個(gè)譯法有錯(cuò),按錯(cuò)誤譯法評(píng)分.●中文錯(cuò)別字不個(gè)別扣分,按整篇累計(jì)扣分.在不影響意思的前提下,滿三個(gè)錯(cuò)別字扣0.5分,無(wú)0.25扣分.如何理解考研翻譯中的長(zhǎng)難句?

句子的構(gòu)成:詞匯+句法

考研翻譯解題核心策略:拆分

什么是拆分?長(zhǎng)難句拆成短句,化繁為簡(jiǎn)怎么拆分?

拆分1:找出主干,拆開(kāi)句子主干&修飾

什么是句子主干?句子的主干:主謂賓Insectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(2000.71,passage4)

varying多種多樣的,不同的centralized集中的,中央的specialized專業(yè)的,專門的operational(操作的,經(jīng)營(yíng)的)research運(yùn)籌學(xué)

句子的主干:主謂賓Undermodernconditions,this(主)

requires(謂)varyingmeasures

(賓語(yǔ)中心詞)ofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelp

(賓語(yǔ)中心詞)ofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(賓)什么是句子修飾?句子的修飾:定狀補(bǔ)Undermodernconditions(狀語(yǔ)),thisrequiresvarying(定語(yǔ))

measures

ofcentralizedcontrol

(定語(yǔ))andhencethehelp

ofspecializedscientists

(定語(yǔ))

suchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts(定語(yǔ)).2007.46.(page178,passage11)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.institutions(教育,宗教)機(jī)構(gòu);制度;preserve專有活動(dòng)(范圍)intellectual知識(shí)的,智力的Traditionally,legallearning

hasbeenviewed

insuchinstitutionsas

thespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.主語(yǔ)legallearning,謂語(yǔ)hasbeenviewedas,賓語(yǔ)thespecialpreserveoflawyers,&anecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.ratherthan是并列連詞,后面的句子成分也是賓語(yǔ),(經(jīng)典的AofBofC結(jié)構(gòu)).insuchinstitutions是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).拆分長(zhǎng)句,除了有助理解&表達(dá),還可以有助?得分.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsas/thespecialpreserveoflawyers,/ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedin①0.5分suchinstitutionsas

//thespecialpreserveof

②0.5分lawyers,//ratherthananecessarypartof

③1分

intellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.拆分點(diǎn)和評(píng)分點(diǎn)基本或完全重合!可接受譯法不可接受譯法institution大學(xué),機(jī)構(gòu)legallearning法律學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)法律合法的學(xué)習(xí)specialpreserveoflawyers律師的特權(quán),律師的特有領(lǐng)域?qū)ｉT為律師服務(wù),作為特殊的律師intellectualequipment知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,知識(shí)體系知識(shí)裝備,知識(shí)設(shè)備,智力工具,智力實(shí)驗(yàn)傳統(tǒng)上,這些院校一直把法律學(xué)習(xí)看成是律師專有的特權(quán),而不是每一個(gè)受教育的人的必備的知識(shí)才能.(官方參考譯文)2002.63.(page174,passage6)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.selection選擇evolution進(jìn)化formulate規(guī)劃,明確的表達(dá)selective選擇的

Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution/

wasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,//andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividual/

isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.兩個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句;第1個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution,其主語(yǔ)中心詞是therole,介詞短語(yǔ)ofnatural…inevolution修飾therole;謂語(yǔ)wasformulated;而onlya…yearsago則是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);第2個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)theselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshaping..individual,謂語(yǔ)isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution

①0.5分//wasformulatedonlyalittlemorethana

②0.5分hundredyearsago,//

andtheselective

③0.5分roleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividual

//isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandsudied.④0.5分

可接受譯法不可接受譯法inevolution演化中進(jìn)行過(guò)程中,進(jìn)化論中,formulate闡述,表達(dá),解釋,揭示公式化,形成shaping塑造,造就,形成形狀maintaining維護(hù)維修r(nóng)ecognize承讓,認(rèn)可,意識(shí)到發(fā)現(xiàn),認(rèn)出,看到自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才被闡明,而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開(kāi)始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究.(官方參考譯文)Therolewasformulated.簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ));Therolewasformulated,andtheselectiveroleisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.并列句:由并列連詞把兩個(gè)(兩個(gè)以上)的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起考研翻譯的句子基本都是復(fù)合句拆分2:拆開(kāi)“主句&從句”復(fù)合句:由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)(一個(gè)以上)的從句構(gòu)成;主句是全句的主體,可以獨(dú)立存在;從句是整個(gè)復(fù)合句的一個(gè)句子成分,它有自己的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),但從句不能獨(dú)立存在;ThatChinaisahotbedforpiracyisnothingnew.(MSN)hotbed溫床ThatChinaisahotbedforpiracyisnothingnew.(MSN)主語(yǔ)從句Privately,theChineseconcedethatpiracyisrampant.(CNN)concede承認(rèn),rampant猖獗的Privately,theChineseconcedethatpiracyisrampant.

賓語(yǔ)從句Theproblemisnotthattheydon‘tunderstandpiracy.Theproblemisnotthattheydon‘tunderstandpiracy.

表語(yǔ)從句

Chinahasalsolaunchedawebsitemakingpiracycasespublic.(BBC)launch開(kāi)辦Chinahasalsolaunchedawebsite

makingpiracycasespublic.(BBC)launch開(kāi)辦定語(yǔ)從句Thestudyprovidesanestimationoflossesduetopiracyin2015ifnosignificantmeasuresareadoptedtotacklepiracy.(UNESCO)estimation估計(jì),tackle解決Thestudyprovidesanestimationoflossesduetopiracyin2015ifnosignificantmeasuresareadoptedtotacklepiracy.(條件)狀語(yǔ)從句

無(wú)論主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,還是同位語(yǔ)從句,由于它們?cè)谡麄€(gè)復(fù)合句中句子成分與名詞的句子成分是一樣的,因此它們都是名詞性從句.

在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),起形容詞作用的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句.在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),起副詞作用的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句.

2002.61.(page174,passage6)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.behavioral(behavior)行為的trace追溯,追蹤,探究trait特性,特點(diǎn)Onedifficultyis//thatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralscience

/continuestotrace

behavior/tostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoson.整個(gè)復(fù)合句中,主句是Onedifficultyisthat…that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句(表語(yǔ)從句),其主語(yǔ)是almost…science,其中包含了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句whatiscalledbehavioralsciencewhat除了引導(dǎo)從句之外,還要在它所引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)句子成分(主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)),其意義相當(dāng)于thatwhich或thething(s)which.謂語(yǔ)是continuestotrace…to,賓語(yǔ)是behavior,statesofmind…andsoon.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralscience//1分continuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.//1分

難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全部都依舊從心態(tài),情感,性格特征,人性等方面去找行為的根源.(官方參考譯文)2002.62.(page174,passage6)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.behavioral(behavior)行為的explanatory(explain)解釋的item條款,項(xiàng)目,一條,一項(xiàng)observe觀察Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved//andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.整個(gè)復(fù)合句中,主句是Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecause引導(dǎo)一個(gè)(原因)狀語(yǔ)從句,其主語(yǔ)是theexplanatoryitems,謂語(yǔ)seemtobedirectlyobserved;andpartlybecause引導(dǎo)另一個(gè)(原因)狀語(yǔ)從句,其主語(yǔ)是otherkindsofexplanations,謂語(yǔ)havebeen,賓語(yǔ)hard,賓補(bǔ)tofind.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//

0.5分partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved//

1分andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.//

0.5分行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢,部分原因是用來(lái)解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察獲得的,部分原因是其他方面的解釋方式一直難以找到.(官方參考譯文)2002.64.(page174,passage6)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.possession擁有,財(cái)產(chǎn),所有autonomous自制的,自主的,credit信用,信譽(yù),信任,學(xué)分achievements業(yè)績(jī),成就

Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,//andtheyareessentialtopractices/inwhichaperson

isheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.整個(gè)句子由兩個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成,第1個(gè)并列句是1個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句Theyarepossession…traditionaltheory,第2個(gè)并列句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,其主句是theyareessentialtopractices,后面是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞practices,定語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是aperson,后面有2個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)部分:isheldresponsible…andgivencredit…Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,//

0.5分andtheyareessentialtopractices//0.5分inwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.//

1分自由和尊嚴(yán)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提.(官方參考譯文)Ifyouacceptthefactthatpiracyisaproblem,governmentneedstodosomething.()Ifyouacceptthefactthatpiracyisaproblem,governmentneedstodosomething.(條件)狀語(yǔ)從句&同位語(yǔ)從句JaxonRicesaidthatwhileSouthAfrica'spiracyproblemisnotasbadasthatinChinaorBrazil,itstillpresentssignificantproblems.(BBC)

JaxonRicesaidthatwhileSouthAfrica'spiracyproblemisnotasbadasthatinChinaorBrazil,itstillpresentssignificantproblems.賓語(yǔ)從句&(讓步)狀語(yǔ)從句

ThecompanieshopethatthistechnologywilldiscouragecasualpiracyinwhichCDtracksareconvertedinMP3audiofiles.

(BBC)tracks(錄制在CD,唱片或磁帶上的)歌曲discourage阻止,convert轉(zhuǎn)換ThecompanieshopethatthistechnologywilldiscouragecasualpiracyinwhichCDtracksareconvertedinMP3audiofiles.

賓語(yǔ)從句

&定語(yǔ)從句

三大從句的任意組合例1:2009.49(page180,passage13)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.business商業(yè),生意,事務(wù),事情power能力,力量,權(quán)力Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//wecannothelpconsidering/whetherornotwe