學(xué)案3：Discovering Useful Structures (grammar) 新人教版高中英語必修第一冊

新人教版高中英語必修第一冊PAGEPAGE3WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures(grammar)語法感知試分析下列句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。1．Thesunrisesintheeast.2．Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.3．Englishismyfavoritesubject.4．MrSmithgaveusaspeechinthemeetingroomyesterday.5．Ifounditdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.自我歸納1．句1中主語為_______，謂語動詞是_____，intheeast在句中作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________。2．句2中主語為__，謂語動詞是_______，theenvironment作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為__________。3．句3中主語為_______，myfavoritesubject作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________。4．句4中MrSmith作__，謂語動詞gave后有兩個賓語，分別是__和________。inthemeetingroom作____，yesterday作____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________________。5．句4中it作____，真正的賓語為動詞不定式。difficult作_____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________________。語法精析一、七種基本成分1．主語(Subject)：通常位于句首，表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物。名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等均可用作主語。Themeetingwilllastfortwohours.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。Tofindabestfriendisdifficult.找到一個好朋友不容易。2．謂語(Predicate)：位于主語之后，說明或描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)。Weusuallygetupat6：30everyday.每天我們通常六點(diǎn)半起床。WepractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.我們每天練習(xí)說英語。3．表語(Predicative)：位于系動詞之后，與系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句充當(dāng)。TheyareforeignteachersfromAmerica.他們是來自美國的外教。MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語。4．賓語(Object)：位于動詞之后，表示動作的承受者。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句充當(dāng)。Weoftendohomeworktogether.我們經(jīng)常一起做作業(yè)。IhopeIcangotheretostudy.我希望能去那里學(xué)習(xí)。5．定語(Attributive)：位置可在所修飾的詞前，也可在所修飾的詞后，對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說明。一般由名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語，非謂語動詞(短語)及句子等充當(dāng)。Thebeautifulgirlisherdaughter.這個漂亮的女孩是她女兒。Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在維修的建筑是我們的圖書館。6．狀語(Adverbial)：位置靈活，可在句首、句中、句末，用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子。一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或狀語從句充當(dāng)；有時，形容詞(短語)也可以作狀語。Iliketalkingonthephone.我喜歡電話聊天。Personally，Ithinktheteamthatwonfirstplacecheated.我個人認(rèn)為得第一名的那隊作弊了。7．補(bǔ)語(Complement)：起補(bǔ)充說明作用，最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語動詞等充當(dāng)。Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長。Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation.醫(yī)生建議他做手術(shù)。二、五種基本句型英語中簡單句是由主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等組成的，依其組合方式可分為五種基本句型。1．主語＋不及物動詞(S＋Vi)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞。Thetimepassedquickly.主語不及物動詞狀語2．主語＋及物動詞＋賓語(S＋Vt＋O)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以接賓語的動詞短語。Weplantedmanytreesinourhometown.主語及物動詞賓語狀語3．主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)此句式側(cè)重說明主語是什么或怎么樣，謂語動詞需用系動詞(主要是be動詞)。Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.主語系動詞表語狀語〖名師點(diǎn)津〗除了be動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞：(1)表感官的動詞：feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear等。(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動詞：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(3)表延續(xù)的動詞：remain，keep，hold，stay，rest等。(4)表瞬間的動詞：come，fall等。Theproblemremainstobesettled.主語系動詞表語4．主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋Vt＋I(xiàn)O＋DO)這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語〖名師點(diǎn)津〗雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)只能跟在某些及物動詞后面，主要有以下三類動詞：(1)give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，allow，return等。這一類動詞后的間接賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞to的短語。Pleasehandhimabook!＝Pleasehandabooktohim!請遞給他一本書。(2)buy，do，get，fetch，save，make，sing，choose等。這一類動詞后的間接賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞for的短語來表示。Herfatherboughtherabike.＝Herfatherboughtabikeforher.她的父親給她買了一輛自行車。(3)ask，answer，take，cost等。這一類動詞無法改變結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thecarcostme2,000yuanfortherepair.這次修車花了我兩千元。5．主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語(S＋Vt＋O＋C)這種句型中的“賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。MissWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.主語及物動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語三、Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1．Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某時)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某時)擁有什么東西”，其形式為“Therebe＋代詞或名詞(短語)＋地點(diǎn)/時間狀語”。(其實質(zhì)句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義，be是謂語動詞，代詞或名詞(短語)是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，如果是并列主語，要遵守鄰近原則。如：①Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。②Therearen'ttwochairsandadeskintheroom.房間里沒有兩把椅子和一張桌子。2．Thereis和Itis的區(qū)別Thereis...指客觀存在，主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時)有某人(某物)”；Itis意為“這/那是……”，用法廣泛，可用在多種表達(dá)中，如主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、形式主語等。①Thereissomeoneatthedoor.Ithinkitisthemantodeliverthepapers.門口有一個，我想是送報紙的人。②Itisafactthatourincomeisincreasing.我們的收入正在增長，這是一個事實。(形式主語)課堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分1．Hehandedmethenewspaper.(__)2．Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(____)3．WhatabeautifulChinesepainting！(__)4．Hisjobistotrainswimmers.(____)5．HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.(____)6．ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.(__)7．Hiswishistobecomeascientist.(____)8．Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.(____)9．Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.(__)10．HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.(________)11．Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.(____)12．Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.(____)13．Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(_________)14．Henoticedamanentertheroom.(_____)15．Theapplestastedsweet.(__)Ⅱ.判斷下列句子是什么句型的簡單句1．Theylefthimstandingoutside.(_____)2．Thesunrisesintheeast.(__)3．Shepretendednottoseeme.(___)4．ShenamedhersonHenry.(_____)5．IwonderhowtolearnEnglishwell.(___)6．Shecan'thelplaughing.(___)7．Ihopethatyouwillcome.(___)8．WearetobemarriedinMay.(___)9．Thepupilswishedtheirteacher“Goodmorning”．(_____)10．Hewillcomeassoonasheisready.(__)課時作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固練Ⅰ.用簡單句翻譯句子1．我們的英語老師非常年輕而且有耐心。______________________________________________2．他兩年前從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。________________________________________3．他經(jīng)常給我們提供一些好的學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議。__________________________________________________________________________4．他盡力使得他的課活潑有趣。____________________________________________________5．他要求我們每天早上背誦一些英語單詞。______________________________________________________6．在他的幫助下，我們大多數(shù)人都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。_________________________________________________7．我們?yōu)閾碛羞@樣一位好老師感到自豪。__________________________________________Ⅱ.把上述句子連成一篇80詞左右的短文，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________素能提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ABeginningcollegeisexciting：newideastoexplore，newchallengestobemetandmanydecisionstobemade.Yourfuturebeginshere.However，youwillfindcollegelifeisdifferentfromyourpreviousschoolenvironment.Manyofuscanbeeasilydefeatedbythedetailsofrunningawell-balancedlife.Whilesomeofusmayhavetheknow-how，Iguesstherearemoreofuswhocanbenefitfromlearningabouttheexperiencesofotherswhohavewalkedthecollegehallsbeforeyou.Thefollowingyoumayfindofuseaboutlifeoncampus：·Planwell.Therearesomanynewthingstodoatanewcollegeoruniversity.Giveyourselftimetomakenewfriendsandbecomefamiliarwiththecampus，butdon'tforgetwhyyouarethere.Givesometimeforsocialactivitiesandmanageyourtimewisely.·Ifyoudon'thavea“system”forplanningyourtimenow(likeadaytimer，acomputerdatebook)，getone.Mostofall，don'tdependonyourmemory.·Don'tmisstheguidelines.Therestrictions，rulesandregulationsofallkindscanusuallybefoundinyourstudent'shandbook.Considerthemwell-balancedfoodforthought.Whatdatesareimportant？Whatpiecesofpaperneedtobehandedin？Whatcan/can'tyoudoinyourstudentresidence？Whohastherightforwhat？Whatdoyouneedtocompletetograduate?·Writetheword“STUDY”onthewallsofyourbedroomandbathroom，andmaybeitwillhelptowriteitonapieceofpaperandstickitonthetelephone，TVandthekitchentable.Considerthis－youarepayingthousandsofdollarsforyourcourses.Youpayeverytimeyouhavetorepeatorreplaceacourse.·Buildyouridentity.Thisisthetimeforyoutodecidewhattodoandwhatnottodo.Takeasmuchtimeasyouneedtoexplorenewideas.Donotbeafraidofthebeyond.Thisislearningtomakegoodchoices.1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toofferadviceoncollegelife.B．Toexplainwhycollegelifeisexciting.C．Todescribetheimportanceofcollegelife.D．Topersuadeyoutogotocollege.2．Accordingtothepassage，whyisitexcitingtobegincollegelife?A．Becauseyouwillhavemorefreedomatcollege.B．Becauseyouwillnolongerbeafraidofthebeyond.C．Becauseyouprepareforyourfuturecareerandlifethere.D．Becauseprofessorstherewillprovideyouwithmanynewideas.3．Theunderlinedword“know-how”refersto________.A．a(chǎn)nunderstandingofhowthingsaregoingatcollegeB．practicalknowledgeaboutcollegelifeC．collegehallswhererulesandregulationsarepresentedD．a(chǎn)nenvironmentdifferentfromtheoneyou'reusedtoBHaveyouevernoticedwhathappenstoanideaonceyouexpressit？Justtalkingaboutitorwritingitdowncausesyoutomakeitclearinyourownmind.Howcanyouusethistoincreaseyourbrainpower？Startwriting.Byputtingthoughtsintowords，youaretellingyourselfthelogicbehindwhatyouthink，feel，oronlypartlyunderstand.Often，explainingathoughtistheprocessofunderstanding.Inotherwords，youincreaseyourbrainpowerbyexercisingyour“explainpower”．Anotherbenefitofwritingisthatithelpsyouremember.Many，ifnotmost，highlyproductivepeoplearealwaystakingnotes.Youcantrykeepingitallinyourhead，butifyoukeepajournalofyourideasthenexttimeyou'reworkingonabigproject，you'llprobablyhavemoresuccess.Wanttounderstandatopic？Writeabookaboutit.That'sanextremeexample，butifyouarelearningsomethingnew，writealettertoafriendaboutit，andyouwillunderstanditbetter.Wanttoinventsomething？Writeanexplanationoftheproblem—whyyouwanttosolveit，andwhyitisworthsolving，and_you're_half-way_there.Writersdon'talwayswritebecausetheyclearlyunderstandsomethingbeforehand.Often，theywriteaboutsomethingbecausetheywanttounderstandit.Youcandothesame.Writingwillhelpbringyoutoanunderstanding.Giveitatry.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWayonHowtoWriteB．IncreaseYourBrainPowerThroughWritingC．BrainPowerHelpsImproveYourWritingD．HowtoStartYourWriting5．Accordingtothepassage，writingcanhelpyoualotexcept________.A．toincreaseyourbrainpowerB．toimprovetheabilitytorememberC．todevelopyourinterestinstudyD．tostrengthentheunderstandingofatopic6．Ifawriterwritessomething，itmeansthatheorshe________.A．hasunderstooditverywellB．needstounderstanditbetterC．wantstorememberitinhisorhermindD．istestinghisorhernewideas7．Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmeansthat________.A．youarealreadysuccessfulB．there'salongwayforyoutogotoreachyourgoalC．youareleftwonderingwhattodoD．youhavebeenonthewaytosuccessⅡ.七選五YourTeenIsFallingAsleepinClassTeenshaveabusymorningscheduleastheyneedtowakeupandgetmovingveryearlyinordertocatchabusandgettoschoolbytherequiredtime.Thismeansteensneedtogettheirrestthenightbeforeortheywillbetootiredtolearnanythingatschool.__1__Whenateenfallsasleepinclass，twothingshap-pen：he/shemisseswhatisbeingtaughtandhe/shelosestherespectfortheteacher.He/Shemayalsoreceiveaconsequence(后果)fromtheschool，dependingontheclassroomdiscipline(紀(jì)律)policy.__2__Topreventyourteenfrombeingsleepyinclass，trythesethreetips：*Setatimefor“l(fā)ightsout”onschoolnights.Thisshouldneverbeanylaterthan10pmandpreferably9pm.__3__Softmusiccanbeonandusedtohelpcalmyourteen.*Helpyourteendevelopanighttimeroutinethatinvolvesactivitiesthatslowhim/herdownfortheendoftheday.__4__Turningoffthecomputeranddisconnectingfromfriendsandtheexcitementofthedayanhourbeforebedtimewillalsohelpyourteenrelax.*__5__Thiswillreinforce(增強(qiáng))whatitfeelsliketoberestedandcapableofachievingwhathe/shewants.A．What'sworse，theymayevenfallasleepinclass.B．Takingabathandreadingaretwoactivitiesthatworkwell.C．Setagoodexampleandshowhim/heryourloveforlearning.D．Pointoutthepositivesafteryourteenhashadagoodnight'srest.E．“Lightsout”meansthecomputer，television，lightsandcellphoneshouldbeoff.F．Allofthesethingsaffectyourteen'sacademicsuccessandcanbeavoided.G．Whileyourteenkeepshis/hergoalsinlinewithyourexpectations，he/shemayhavehis/herowngoals.Ⅲ.語法填空Oneevening，anelderlylady1.________(drive)pastasmalltownwhenoneofhertyressuddenlyblewout.Eventhoughallshehadwasonlyaflattyre，itwas2.________badsituationforawomanofherage.Shewasvery3.________(confuse)，especiallywiththeweather4.________(get)colderandcolder.Atthatmoment，amanstoppedhiscarinfrontofhersandasked5.________sheneededhelp.Theoldladybecameevenmorenervousbecausethemanlookedpoorand6.________(hunger)．However，sincenooneelsehadstoppedtohelpherduringthepasthours，shestoodbackandlethimhelpher.Afterthemanfinishedchangingthetyre，theladywaswilling7.________(pay)himanyamountofmoney.Toher8.________(astonish)，themanrepliedthathejustwantedtohelpher，justasothershadhelpedhiminthepast.Hedidn'twanttheladytopayhimbackanything.Instead，hejustwantedhertohelpothers9.________needaswell.Laterthatevening，theladyhelpedaheavilypregnantwoman.10.________neveroccurredtoherthatthewomanwasthepoorman'swife.

〖〖答案〗〖解析〗〗語法感知1．Thesun；rises；狀語；主語＋不及物動詞2．We；protect；賓語；主語＋及物動詞＋賓語3．English；表語；主語＋系動詞＋表語4．主語；us；aspeech；地點(diǎn)狀語；時間狀語；主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語5．形式賓語；賓語補(bǔ)足語；主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語課堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.1．賓語2．謂語；狀語3．定語4．定語；表語5．賓語；定語6．主語7．主語；表語8．謂語；賓語9．狀語10．形式賓語；真正賓語11．狀語；狀語12．狀語；狀語13．主語；表語；賓語補(bǔ)足語14．賓語補(bǔ)足語15．表語Ⅱ.1．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)2．主謂3．主謂賓4．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)5．主謂賓6．主謂賓7．主謂賓8．主系表9．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)10．主謂課時作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固練Ⅰ．1．OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient．2．Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago．3．HeoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning./HeoftenofferssomegoodadviceonEnglishlearningtous．4．Hetriestomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting．5．HeasksustorecitesomeEnglishwordseverymorning．6．Mostofushavemademuchprogresswithhishelp．7．Wefeelproudtohavesuchagoodteacher．Ⅱ．OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient.Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago.Hehasbeenworkinghardsincehecametoourschool.FindingsomeofusareweakinEnglish，heoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning.Inaddition，hetriestomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.What'smore，heasksustorecitesomeEnglishwordseverymorning.Asaresult，mostofushavemademuchprogresswithhishelp.Wealllikehisclassesandadmirehimverymuch.Inaword，wefeelproudtohavesuchagoodteacher.素能提升練Ⅰ.語篇解讀本文是說明文。大學(xué)為我們打開了新的天地：探索新的思想，迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)，做出更多決定并開始在這里開啟自己的未來。但該如何開始我們的大學(xué)校園生活呢？文章提出了一些建議?！即鸢浮紸〖解析〗推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知文章內(nèi)容是對初入大學(xué)校園的人提供的建議?！即鸢浮紺〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第1段內(nèi)容可知，句中冒號后面的內(nèi)容是對“Beginningcollegeisexciting”的解釋，再根據(jù)“Yourfuturebeginshere.”可知，大學(xué)是為未來職業(yè)和生活做準(zhǔn)備的地方?！即鸢浮紹〖解析〗詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，雖然我們當(dāng)中有些人可能有theknow-how，但是我猜我們當(dāng)中還有一些人可以通過學(xué)習(xí)那些前輩們的經(jīng)驗而受益，從而可推測，theknow-how＝theexperiencesof...，所以〖答案〗為B，意為“有關(guān)大學(xué)生活的實際經(jīng)驗”。語篇解讀本文是議論文。主要討論了“書寫”所能帶來的一系列好處，倡議大家試一試?！即鸢浮紹〖解析〗主旨大意題。本文主要是講了通過寫作可以把你自己的一些想法理解得更加清晰、透徹，從而進(jìn)一步提高你的大腦思維能力?！即鸢浮紺〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第2～4段分別提到了選項A、B、D的內(nèi)容，沒有涉及到C?！即鸢浮紹〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段可知，一個作者要去寫什么東西，那就說明他想更好地去理解它。〖答案〗D〖解析〗推理判斷題。文章第4段說書寫能夠幫助你去理解一個話題……，如果寫出對于問題的解釋，那么就等于解決了問題的一半。此句的含義是“那么你已經(jīng)(在成功的路上)走了一半的路程了”。Ⅱ.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。如果孩子們沒有一個良好的作息習(xí)慣，那么白天在學(xué)校可能會精力不振，甚至?xí)谡n堂上睡覺。而這些問題都是可以避免的，本文就如何避免這些問題給出了三點(diǎn)建議。1．〖答案〗A〖解析〗根據(jù)前文的“Thismeansteensneedtogettheirrestthenightbeforeortheywillbetootiredtolearnanythingatschool.”可知，緊張的時間表意味著青少年晚上一定要休息好，否則，在學(xué)校會因疲憊無法學(xué)習(xí)，說明了作息不好會導(dǎo)致不良后果。A項與前文聯(lián)系緊密，以遞進(jìn)語氣闡述休息不好可能對青少年產(chǎn)生的更嚴(yán)重的后果。且與后文“Whenateenfallsasleepinclass，twothingshappen”中描述的語境也有關(guān)聯(lián)，起到了很好的承上啟下的作用。2．〖答案〗F〖解析〗根據(jù)前文可知青少年作息不好會導(dǎo)致課堂上睡覺的嚴(yán)重后果，而從后文“Topreventyourteenfrombeingsleepyinclass，trythesethreetips”及其后的內(nèi)容可知，作者就如何避免因不良作息導(dǎo)致孩子上課睡覺的問題給出了三個建議。所以此空應(yīng)是講作息不好導(dǎo)致青少年課堂上睡覺的問題是可以被解決的，F(xiàn)項“所有這些事情都能影響你孩子的學(xué)習(xí)成績，但可以避免”符合語境。3．〖答案〗E〖解析〗根據(jù)“Setatimefor‘lightsout’onschoolnights.”可知這一段的大意為“設(shè)置一個熄燈時間”，E選項中的短語Lightsout和這一段內(nèi)容相符合。4．〖答案〗B〖解析〗根據(jù)前文的thatinvolvesactivitiesthatslowhim/herdownfortheendoftheday可知B選項中的“洗澡和閱讀”就是兩個能讓你的孩子從一天的緊張節(jié)奏中減緩下來的有效活動，符合語境。5．〖答案〗D〖解析〗根據(jù)后文的“Thiswillreinforcewhatitfeelsliketoberestedandcapableofachievingwhathe/shewants.”可知這將會加強(qiáng)孩子對于好好休息，以及能夠達(dá)到想要的目的的成就感。瀏覽選項發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項“在你的孩子睡了一晚好覺后，指出其積極的方面”符合語境。因為指出良好作息的好處后，有利于加強(qiáng)孩子對正確作息的認(rèn)同感。Ⅲ.語篇解讀一位車子爆胎的老婦人得到了一位陌生男子無償?shù)膸椭?，?dāng)她將這份愛傳遞下去時，她沒想到她幫助的人恰好是那位男子的妻子。1．〖答案〗wasdriving〖解析〗考查時態(tài)。bedoingsthwhen...意為“正在做某事，這時……”，是固定用法。根據(jù)下文的時態(tài)可知，when前的句子應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。2．〖答案〗a〖解析〗考查冠詞。situation是可數(shù)名詞，且在此泛指一種壞的情況，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，故填a。3．〖答案〗confused〖解析〗考查形容詞。此處表示“她非常困惑”。confused與前面的was構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示人的狀態(tài)。4．〖答案〗getting〖解析〗考查非謂語動詞。weather與get之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且get所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，故填getting。5．〖答案〗if/whether〖解析〗考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。由語境可知，男子問老婦人是否需要幫助，故填if/whether。6．〖答案〗hungry〖解析〗考查形容詞。設(shè)空處與poor并列作表語，故填hungry。7．〖答案〗topay〖解析〗考查非謂語動詞。bewillingtodosth意為“愿意做某事”，是固定短語。8．〖答案〗astonishment〖解析〗考查名詞。toone's＋n.表示“令某人……的是”，是固定用法，故填astonishment。9．〖答案〗in〖解析〗考查介詞。inneed意為“在困境中”，是固定短語。10．〖答案〗It〖解析〗考查代詞。Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...意為“某人想到……”，是固定句型。WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures(grammar)語法感知試分析下列句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。1．Thesunrisesintheeast.2．Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.3．Englishismyfavoritesubject.4．MrSmithgaveusaspeechinthemeetingroomyesterday.5．Ifounditdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.自我歸納1．句1中主語為_______，謂語動詞是_____，intheeast在句中作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________。2．句2中主語為__，謂語動詞是_______，theenvironment作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為__________。3．句3中主語為_______，myfavoritesubject作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________。4．句4中MrSmith作__，謂語動詞gave后有兩個賓語，分別是__和________。inthemeetingroom作____，yesterday作____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________________。5．句4中it作____，真正的賓語為動詞不定式。difficult作_____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________________。語法精析一、七種基本成分1．主語(Subject)：通常位于句首，表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物。名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等均可用作主語。Themeetingwilllastfortwohours.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。Tofindabestfriendisdifficult.找到一個好朋友不容易。2．謂語(Predicate)：位于主語之后，說明或描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)。Weusuallygetupat6：30everyday.每天我們通常六點(diǎn)半起床。WepractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.我們每天練習(xí)說英語。3．表語(Predicative)：位于系動詞之后，與系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句充當(dāng)。TheyareforeignteachersfromAmerica.他們是來自美國的外教。MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語。4．賓語(Object)：位于動詞之后，表示動作的承受者。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句充當(dāng)。Weoftendohomeworktogether.我們經(jīng)常一起做作業(yè)。IhopeIcangotheretostudy.我希望能去那里學(xué)習(xí)。5．定語(Attributive)：位置可在所修飾的詞前，也可在所修飾的詞后，對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說明。一般由名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語，非謂語動詞(短語)及句子等充當(dāng)。Thebeautifulgirlisherdaughter.這個漂亮的女孩是她女兒。Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在維修的建筑是我們的圖書館。6．狀語(Adverbial)：位置靈活，可在句首、句中、句末，用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子。一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或狀語從句充當(dāng)；有時，形容詞(短語)也可以作狀語。Iliketalkingonthephone.我喜歡電話聊天。Personally，Ithinktheteamthatwonfirstplacecheated.我個人認(rèn)為得第一名的那隊作弊了。7．補(bǔ)語(Complement)：起補(bǔ)充說明作用，最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語動詞等充當(dāng)。Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長。Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation.醫(yī)生建議他做手術(shù)。二、五種基本句型英語中簡單句是由主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等組成的，依其組合方式可分為五種基本句型。1．主語＋不及物動詞(S＋Vi)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞。Thetimepassedquickly.主語不及物動詞狀語2．主語＋及物動詞＋賓語(S＋Vt＋O)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以接賓語的動詞短語。Weplantedmanytreesinourhometown.主語及物動詞賓語狀語3．主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)此句式側(cè)重說明主語是什么或怎么樣，謂語動詞需用系動詞(主要是be動詞)。Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.主語系動詞表語狀語〖名師點(diǎn)津〗除了be動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞：(1)表感官的動詞：feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear等。(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動詞：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(3)表延續(xù)的動詞：remain，keep，hold，stay，rest等。(4)表瞬間的動詞：come，fall等。Theproblemremainstobesettled.主語系動詞表語4．主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋Vt＋I(xiàn)O＋DO)這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語〖名師點(diǎn)津〗雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)只能跟在某些及物動詞后面，主要有以下三類動詞：(1)give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，allow，return等。這一類動詞后的間接賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞to的短語。Pleasehandhimabook!＝Pleasehandabooktohim!請遞給他一本書。(2)buy，do，get，fetch，save，make，sing，choose等。這一類動詞后的間接賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞for的短語來表示。Herfatherboughtherabike.＝Herfatherboughtabikeforher.她的父親給她買了一輛自行車。(3)ask，answer，take，cost等。這一類動詞無法改變結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thecarcostme2,000yuanfortherepair.這次修車花了我兩千元。5．主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語(S＋Vt＋O＋C)這種句型中的“賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。MissWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.主語及物動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語三、Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1．Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某時)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某時)擁有什么東西”，其形式為“Therebe＋代詞或名詞(短語)＋地點(diǎn)/時間狀語”。(其實質(zhì)句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義，be是謂語動詞，代詞或名詞(短語)是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，如果是并列主語，要遵守鄰近原則。如：①Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。②Therearen'ttwochairsandadeskintheroom.房間里沒有兩把椅子和一張桌子。2．Thereis和Itis的區(qū)別Thereis...指客觀存在，主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時)有某人(某物)”；Itis意為“這/那是……”，用法廣泛，可用在多種表達(dá)中，如主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、形式主語等。①Thereissomeoneatthedoor.Ithinkitisthemantodeliverthepapers.門口有一個，我想是送報紙的人。②Itisafactthatourincomeisincreasing.我們的收入正在增長，這是一個事實。(形式主語)課堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分1．Hehandedmethenewspaper.(__)2．Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(____)3．WhatabeautifulChinesepainting！(__)4．Hisjobistotrainswimmers.(____)5．HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.(____)6．ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.(__)7．Hiswishistobecomeascientist.(____)8．Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.(____)9．Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.(__)10．HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.(________)11．Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.(____)12．Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.(____)13．Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(_________)14．Henoticedamanentertheroom.(_____)15．Theapplestastedsweet.(__)Ⅱ.判斷下列句子是什么句型的簡單句1．Theylefthimstandingoutside.(_____)2．Thesunrisesintheeast.(__)3．Shepretendednottoseeme.(___)4．ShenamedhersonHenry.(_____)5．IwonderhowtolearnEnglishwell.(___)6．Shecan'thelplaughing.(___)7．Ihopethatyouwillcome.(___)8．WearetobemarriedinMay.(___)9．Thepupilswishedtheirteacher“Goodmorning”．(_____)10．Hewillcomeassoonasheisready.(__)課時作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固練Ⅰ.用簡單句翻譯句子1．我們的英語老師非常年輕而且有耐心。______________________________________________2．他兩年前從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。________________________________________3．他經(jīng)常給我們提供一些好的學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議。__________________________________________________________________________4．他盡力使得他的課活潑有趣。____________________________________________________5．他要求我們每天早上背誦一些英語單詞。______________________________________________________6．在他的幫助下，我們大多數(shù)人都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。_________________________________________________7．我們?yōu)閾碛羞@樣一位好老師感到自豪。__________________________________________Ⅱ.把上述句子連成一篇80詞左右的短文，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________素能提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ABeginningcollegeisexciting：newideastoexplore，newchallengestobemetandmanydecisionstobemade.Yourfuturebeginshere.However，youwillfindcollegelifeisdifferentfromyourpreviousschoolenvironment.Manyofuscanbeeasilydefeatedbythedetailsofrunningawell-balancedlife.Whilesomeofusmayhavetheknow-how，Iguesstherearemoreofuswhocanbenefitfromlearningabouttheexperiencesofotherswhohavewalkedthecollegehallsbeforeyou.Thefollowingyoumayfindofuseaboutlifeoncampus：·Planwell.Therearesomanynewthingstodoatanewcollegeoruniversity.Giveyourselftimetomakenewfriendsandbecomefamiliarwiththecampus，butdon'tforgetwhyyouarethere.Givesometimeforsocialactivitiesandmanageyourtimewisely.·Ifyoudon'thavea“system”forplanningyourtimenow(likeadaytimer，acomputerdatebook)，getone.Mostofall，don'tdependonyourmemory.·Don'tmisstheguidelines.Therestrictions，rulesandregulationsofallkindscanusuallybefoundinyourstudent'shandbook.Considerthemwell-balancedfoodforthought.Whatdatesareimportant？Whatpiecesofpaperneedtobehandedin？Whatcan/can'tyoudoinyourstudentresidence？Whohastherightforwhat？Whatdoyouneedtocompletetograduate?·Writetheword“STUDY”onthewallsofyourbedroomandbathroom，andmaybeitwillhelptowriteitonapieceofpaperandstickitonthetelephone，TVandthekitchentable.Considerthis－youarepayingthousandsofdollarsforyourcourses.Youpayeverytimeyouhavetorepeatorreplaceacourse.·Buildyouridentity.Thisisthetimeforyoutodecidewhattodoandwhatnottodo.Takeasmuchtimeasyouneedtoexplorenewideas.Donotbeafraidofthebeyond.Thisislearningtomakegoodchoices.1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toofferadviceoncollegelife.B．Toexplainwhycollegelifeisexciting.C．Todescribetheimportanceofcollegelife.D．Topersuadeyoutogotocollege.2．Accordingtothepassage，whyisitexcitingtobegincollegelife?A．Becauseyouwillhavemorefreedomatcollege.B．Becauseyouwillnolongerbeafraidofthebeyond.C．Becauseyouprepareforyourfuturecareerandlifethere.D．Becauseprofessorstherewillprovideyouwithmanynewideas.3．Theunderlinedword“know-how”refersto________.A．a(chǎn)nunderstandingofhowthingsaregoingatcollegeB．practicalknowledgeaboutcollegelifeC．collegehallswhererulesandregulationsarepresentedD．a(chǎn)nenvironmentdifferentfromtheoneyou'reusedtoBHaveyouevernoticedwhathappenstoanideaonceyouexpressit？Justtalkingaboutitorwritingitdowncausesyoutomakeitclearinyourownmind.Howcanyouusethistoincreaseyourbrainpower？Startwriting.Byputtingthoughtsintowords，youaretellingyourselfthelogicbehindwhatyouthink，feel，oronlypartlyunderstand.Often，explainingathoughtistheprocessofunderstanding.Inotherwords，youincreaseyourbrainpowerbyexercisingyour“explainpower”．Anotherbenefitofwritingisthatithelpsyouremember.Many，ifnotmost，highlyproductivepeoplearealwaystakingnotes.Youcantrykeepingitallinyourhead，butifyoukeepajournalofyourideasthenexttimeyou'reworkingonabigproject，you'llprobablyhavemoresuccess.Wanttounderstandatopic？Writeabookaboutit.That'sanextremeexample，butifyouarelearningsomethingnew，writealettertoafriendaboutit，andyouwillunderstanditbetter.Wanttoinventsomething？Writeanexplanationoftheproblem—whyyouwanttosolveit，andwhyitisworthsolving，and_you're_half-way_there.Writersdon'talwayswritebecausetheyclearlyunderstandsomethingbeforehand.Often，theywriteaboutsomethingbecausetheywanttounderstandit.Youcandothesame.Writingwillhelpbringyoutoanunderstanding.Giveitatry.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWayonHowtoWriteB．IncreaseYourBrainPowerThroughWritingC．BrainPowerHelpsImproveYourWritingD．HowtoStartYourWriting5．Accordingtothepassage，writingcanhelpyoualotexcept________.A．toincreaseyourbrainpowerB．toimprovetheabilitytorememberC．todevelopyourinterestinstudyD．tostrengthentheunderstandingofatopic6．Ifawriterwritessomething，itmeansthatheorshe________.A．hasunderstooditverywellB．needstounderstanditbetterC．wantstorememberitinhisorhermindD．istestinghisorhernewideas7．Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmeansthat________.A．youarealreadysuccessfulB．there'salongwayforyoutogotoreachyourgoalC．youareleftwonderingwhattodoD．youhavebeenonthewaytosuccessⅡ.七選五YourTeenIsFallingAsleepinClassTeenshaveabusymorningscheduleastheyneedtowakeupandgetmovingveryearlyinordertocatch