2023-2024學(xué)年北京順義區(qū)牛欄山一中高二（上）期中英語試題及答案

牛欄山一中2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試高二年級(jí)英語試卷本試卷共10頁,100分。考試時(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選岀最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IcouldtheexcitementrisinginmeIheldthebeautifullywrappedpresentinmyhands.Unabletocontainmy1anyItoreitopen.abrand-newlaptopmyrewardfortheIinfinalexaminations.Ihadenviedmyfriendswhoexchangingnewsaboutvariousapps.itmyacrossasocialnetworkingsite,whichsoonIbecameto.timepassed,ItothatIhookedontheInternet.Duringweekends,Icouldeasilyspendhoursonmylaptop.tosuchapointIchosetolockmyselfinmyroom,toenjoyfamilytime.Soon,mysleepdividedtoonlyscatterednaps,andmygradesschoolalsobegantoaboutthistimethatmyparentsstartedvoicingtheirdisapproval.becameobviousthatI2tofindthemout.IresearchingforsomeinformationformypaperwhenI345.spendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet.IaskedtoItried,Iunabletopullunableto6myusageofit.however7mysessions,andunabletoconcentrateonmylessons.I8forjustanotherclickandanotherlookmymessageboard.Thenonemyfathertookmylaptop.Icomplainedbuttonoavail（無濟(jì)于事）.Overtime,Iknewthatdadandmomhadwantedthebestforme.ThatwhenIdecidedto9myInternetaddiction.QuittingharderthanIexpected.withdogged10,IknewthatIwouldturnoveranew1.curiosity2.anxietyturnC.faithdoubtC.dutyhonor3.statebelieverefusingadaptC.decideC.pretendingC.sliprealizeskippingshake4.expecting5.rise6.cutcutdownhaveC.cutupcutthroughdestroypatientdefeat7.strengthen8.desperate9.change10.determinationC.quitseriousanswerperformanceC.confidentC.serveC.explanationpreference1第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）1．．．．．．．．出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。．．．．．．．．．．．．AOverthelast50theU.S.andCanadahaveslowlybutsurelylost29%oftheirbirdpopulations.Evencommonbirdssuchsparrowsandblackbirds(face)declinesinNorthAmericasince1970.Onemajorcauseisthathumanshaveexpandedtheirfootprint12(result)inhabitatlossforbirds.Lesshabitatmeanslessspace13(find)food,mates,nest,andraiseSincebirdsplayessentialroleinthefunctioningoftheecosystems,sparenotoprotectthemandtakethesebeautifulcreaturesunderourBJohnAugustusRoeblingapioneerinbuildinginthe1914(inspire)byideatobuildagreatbridgeconnectingwiththeLongIsland,thecreativeengineerworkedoutablueprintforhisdreamin1883.thiswouldbenoordinarybridge,whichwouldhavetoovertheEastRiver15(flow)inmorethanonedirectionandbetallenoughforshipstopassThoughhavingtoldtheideanotpracticalandimpossible,Johnignorethevisionhehadinhismind.Despiteallthehardships,Roeblingfinallyupplansfor16(long)suspensionthattime.CEarlierthismysterytravelbecametrendyamongpeopleandtheytravelblindboxestoseenewplaces.Justthenameimplies,mysterytravelisnotonlyexcitingandsimpletoplan,butalsoallowstravelerstoexploredestinations18theymayneverhaveconsideredotherwise.Afteryou’veprovidedthetravelagencywithsomenecessaryinformationlikethetraveldates,budgets,foodchoicesand19(activity)appealingto20addstoits17alltodoistositback,relax,andwaitforplanetickets.mysteryisthatthedestinationrevealeduntilthedayofdeparture.2第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，共38分)第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AGrandCanyonNationalParkLocatedinnorthernArizona,thecovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandnearbyuplands.Oneofthemostawesomeexamplesoferosion（侵蝕）intheworld,Canyonisunmatchedintheincomparableviewittovisitors.ParkOpeningsandClosingsTheandDesertontheSouthRimopenallandentrancesremainopen24hoursaNorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-MayandcloseParkentrancesremainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.HoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesthroughouttheParkInformationTheproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsamapandinformationaboutservices,facilities,andrangerprograms.isavailableinFrench,German,Italian,Spanish,andChinese.AhikingbrochureisavailableforthoseplanningtohikeoneofthemaintrailsdownintoObtainpublicationsentrancestations,visitorcenters,or/136ojl.AccessibilityTheterrain（地形）isruggedwithrockytrailsandsteepusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualdisabilitiesmayassistance.moreinformationaboutaccessibilityinCanyonNationalPark,see/1rtxl2.ParkEntranceAdmissiontotheis$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringthethroughCanyonshuttlebus,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepassbeusedforsevenandincludesbothrims.Payfeesentrancestationsorsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.EverytheNationalParkServiceentrancedays.completeinformation,please/y5uu6f.SustainabilityCanyonNationalParkinvolvessustainabilityinallaspectsofitsoperations.UserefillablebottletofilluponCanyonspringvisitorcentersandgrocery3stores.Recyclingcontainersconvenientlylocatedandcommontrashbins.Discoverwhatelsedotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelingandbeyond/1b2rzt.21.Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiesfinddetailedinformationonfacilitiesdesignedforthembyvisiting./1rtxl2/136ojlB．/y5uu6f．/1b2rzt22.Whatistheadmissionifandparentsplantoonasix-dayvacationtoCanyonNationalParkbydrivinga．$95.B．$60.C．$35..$70．23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?haveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.HikerswhoonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaguide.C.forbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainTheCanyonfeaturesisoneofthemostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.BIbornmissingmyleftarm.1986,18months,Ifittedwithaprosthetic(義肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtothepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.thetimeI8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwearingmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIbetterwithoutone.Ianyonetofixme.provethatIlimitedbymyIdevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IselectedtomyfirstAustralianswimmingage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmyItaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytocreatethemostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Isaidno.Then,curiositythebetterofme.WhileIbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickusedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societybeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.4disabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthatthereopportunitytousetechnologytosteerandregulatethenarrativeforfuturegenerations.July2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisenormousprivilege.ThroughsharingmyI’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.whyIabionichand—notbecausebroken,butbecauseIhaveopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause____________.shelongingforfamesportsgaveherself-confidenceC.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityherprostheticdeviceempoweredher25.Purdyandtheauthor_________.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsthedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiestechnologyshiftedattitudestodisability26.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribetheauthor?Intelligentandbrave.andpatient.C.Independentandinnovative.Responsibleandstrong-willed.27.thepassage,thatoneshould_________.makethemostofabilitiesbyembracingrealitybuildsocialcirclewithoptimisticattitudeC.takeitwhenfacingdifficultsituationssticktogoaltoachievesuccessCAhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsectupintheTheymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortopotentialattackerstostayAlloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisintotheideathatbutterfly5tissue,likeafeathers.nottrue.example,insomespeciesmales’havespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangaphysicistColumbiainhaslookingintothewithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistHarvardhehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsin2020,thatbutterflyindeed,muchalive.theirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalaserlighttoupspotsontheofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40°Corso,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirheatingupTheseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizetheareatothemovingitsupanddownorsimplywalkingButterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitieswhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedtherelevantsensorsonthethemselves.andPiercethereforesearchedthoseforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,intheformofneurons(神經(jīng)元)thatsimilartodetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovereddisc-shapedcellsthatappearedtobesimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.Theyguessthatthesetheretodetectdeformationofthewing—informationinsectcouldusetocontrolitspattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetoagainstthe“deadwing”ideathatsomebutterflyhaveaheartbeat.Abutterfly’shaveveins(靜脈).Thesecarryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowfoundinmales,showsapulse(脈搏)ofseveraldozenbeatsperminute.Thesourceofthispulseappearstobethescent(氣味)pad,aspotonthethatproducesthefemale-attractingchemicals.this“wingheart”apumpthathelpsbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.alltheirexperimentssimulatingenvironmentalconditions,andPierceconsistentlyfoundthat,partsofthewingcoveredbysortsofscales.tubespassthroughoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytoandhelpsthelivingpartsofaalive.28.Whatfromandexperiments?Butterflyhavelittlereactiontoexternalheat.ButterflycomplicatedlivingC.Thescentpadsonsomemalebutterflytheirhearts.Heat-minimisingactivitieshelpdetectdeformationofthe629.Whatisthefunctionofoverthescentpads?Attractingmates.IncreasingbloodC.Coveringpowerfultubes.Producingthecooling30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?SeeingBelievingNothingSeek,NothingFindC.MoreThanMeetsTheFineFeathersMakeFineDCoastalcitiesworldwidesqueezedbytwoopposingforces:urbansprawl(擴(kuò)張)andtherisingThisstruggleisintenselyvisibleintheflatlandsexpandingneighborhoodsroutinelyfloodandsaltwaterfloodingdamagestherivermouthsthatprotectcommunitiesfromtheworstofourclimatecrisis.Massiveresourcesbeingputintoenvironmentalrestorationprojects,anddevelopmentissubjecttomanyofapprovals.in2022thegovernorsofacoastalcityvotedtoexpandalegalboundarythatcontainssprawltoallowa400-acrewarehouseproject.Theyfailingtoseethevalueofthislandinthegreaterecosystem.coastalplainsandforestsdocheaply(orforfree)whatseawallsandpumpsdoacostofbillionsofdollars.Theyvitalinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)thatmakesusmoreresilientagainstclimatechange,andthecostofdestroyingthemorweakeningtheirabilitytofunctionmustbefactoredintothedecisionsmaketobuildanddoso,theeconomicrewardstodevelopanynaturallandscapeshouldbeweighedagainsttheprotectiveeconomicvaluethatlandalreadyprovides.Economiststhis“avoideddamage”valuation.planningboardsmightconsiderthevalueofasandhillorswampinfloodprotectionversustheexpenseofreplacingitwithaseawallandpumpsystem.Maintainingandrestoringnaturalinfrastructuretosupporthealthyfunctioningsavestimeandlives.Theconceptof“naturalcapital”,ortheideathatecosystemservicesshouldbevaluedinasimilarmanneranyformofwealth,datestothe1970s.Marketshavevaluedwoodacommodity(商品forexample,butnottheservicesthatalongwithproducingit,suchsoilmaintenance,storage,andnutrientcycling.amarketforresourcesthat7industrialistssawrichandendlesslyrenewable.Thisexploitative(開發(fā)資源的)assumptionturnedouttobewrong.Failingtomeasurethebenefitsofecosystemservicesinpolicyandmanagementdecisionsisamajorreasonmanyofthoseecosystemsdisappeared.alsoseemstoplaceadollaramountonecosystemsthatwe’dratherviewpriceless,existingfortheirownsakeandvaluabletohumansinthatbeyondcapitalism.Thispreciousnessisethicallysound.developershavelongconfusedpricelessnesswithworthlessness,allowingthemtoprofitwithoutpayingfortheconsequencesofdestroyingtheenvironment.Economicvalueisnevertheonlynatureisworthpreserving;itissimplyapowerful,underusedtooltohelpusmakedecisionsabouthowtolivemoresustainablyinaclimate-changedworld.policymakersconsiderednaturalinfrastructureinthelanguageofeconomics,theymightrecognizejusthowdeeplyrelyonit.31.Whatthefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Theconsequencesofthesaltwaterflooding.ThecauseoftheurbansprawlandtherisingC.approvaltoenvironmentalrestorationproject.Theproblemcausedbytheexpansionofcoastalcities32.Whatfromthepassage?Therichnessofresourcesisnotthereasonfordevaluingthem.Theeconomicgrowthbooststheprotectionofnaturallandscape.C.TheideaofnaturalcapitalenhancetheprofitofTheexploitationofnaturereflectsthe“avoideddamage”valuation.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crass”inParagraph6probablymean?．Beneficial.．Unwise.C．Related.．Unlimited.34.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?forstrictercontrolovercitystresstheimportanceofecosystemservices.C.proposetheuseofnatureinfrastructure.promotepublicawarenessofnatureprotection.8第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Havemetsomeonethatnevergetssidetrackedbythedifficulties?matterwhatchaostheworldthrowsthemintheircareerorpersonallifetheyadaptaccordinglyandbuildasolutionwiththepiecesthey’releft.Beingresourcefulmeansfindingsmartandcreativetosolveaproblem,usingwhateverresourcesinfrontofthetimeandoptimizingwhathave.36Theyalsobe35anythingelseuseful,suchinformation,adviceorownexperience.alsomeanstrustinginstincts,theabilityyou’rebornwith,ratherthanthroughtrainingandbeingconfidentaboutabilitytofacechallenges.Aresourcefulpersonisnottheonegettingcrossorpanickingwhensomethinggoeswrong.They’rethinkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem.37Whentosolveproblemsforourselvesratherthanimmediatelytoothersforhelp,ithelptobuildourconfidence,helpusfeelmoreindependent,andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.Beingresourcefulmaynothelpavoidproblems,butthinkingcreativelyabouthowwiththemwillmakelessstressedandmorepreparednexttime.38Thisboostself-esteem,thatis,howfeelaboutyourself.Whilemanypeoplelooktheirresourcefulco-workersandfriendsinoftheirproblem-solvingskills,abilitythatbeenhancedwithpractice.Whenyou’refacingachallenge,trainyourselftofocusontheactualproblemratherthanhowfeelaboutit.Thinkaboutandwhenithappenedandwhatthecausesare.Next,thinkupmanysolutionstotheproblem39reviewwhathasandworked,soyou’reequippedtowithasituationnexttime.Andnooneisexpectedtosolveallproblemsbythemselves.haveatrickyproblemthatyou’reunabletosolve,thenaskatrustedadultforhelp.alsowhatyou’reat.ishowbemoreresourceful.C.Resourcefulnessisaskillforinlotsofways.Theymaybefamousmottoesthatinspireustomoveon.E.upandbadabouteachoneandchoosethebest.Thisabilityiscalledresourcefulness,andhelpfulinmanyaspectsoflife.Instead,behonestaboutskillsandworktowardsimprovingresourcefulness.9第三部分：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和寫作（共四節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)單詞拼寫（共5小題；每小題1分，共5分）根據(jù)提示及句意，寫出相應(yīng)單詞的正確形式，并將單詞完整形式寫在答題卡上。40.Thoughhehasfailedmanytimes,heisstillo41.A（先進(jìn)的）technologyisusuallyadouble-edgedsword,whichbringpeoplebothbenefitsandharms.42.Motherisapersonwhoistos（樂觀的）inhis