一輪學(xué)案選擇性必修第一冊(cè)u(píng)NIT5WORKINGTHELAND

UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND(主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)——?dú)v史、社會(huì)與文化)核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破1.devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給);把……專用于;專心于[教材原句]Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.(P50)確實(shí),他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀看起來(lái)和他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千百萬(wàn)中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergysomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.(2)Hecouldonlydevotetwohoursadayto(work)ontheproject.(3)TheWorldHealthOrganization(devote)toimprovingpeople’shealth.(4)(devote)tohiscareer,hehasnotimetospendwithhischildren.考點(diǎn)必記(1)devote...to...把……奉獻(xiàn)給……devoteoneselfto(doing)sth致力于;獻(xiàn)身于;專心于(2)devotedadj.忠誠(chéng)的;深愛(ài)的adevotedfather一位慈愛(ài)的父親adevotedfriend一位忠誠(chéng)的朋友bedevotedto=devoteoneselfto致力于;獻(xiàn)身于;專心于(3)devotionn.關(guān)愛(ài);奉獻(xiàn);專心2.shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺[教材原句]However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(P50)然而,最讓他擔(dān)心的是,農(nóng)民經(jīng)常歉收,有時(shí)甚至嚴(yán)重缺乏食物。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2019·浙江卷)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwater(short).[小話題寫作](2)許多公司苦于缺乏熟練員工。Manycompaniesaresufferingfromskilledstaff.(3)這個(gè)月我恐怕手頭有點(diǎn)緊。I’mafraidI’malittlethismonth.[句式升級(jí)](4)Thewoundedaresufferingbecausetheyareshortofdoctorsandnurses.→Thewoundedaresufferingbecauseofdoctorsandnurses.考點(diǎn)必記(1)energyshortage能量不足,能源短缺laborshortage勞力短缺oilshortage石油不足housingshortage房荒,住房不足watershortage水量不足foodshortage食物缺乏materialshortage材料缺乏fuelshortage燃料不足ashortageof缺乏(2)shortadj.短缺的;缺少的beshortof缺少beshortofmoney/funds/cash缺少經(jīng)費(fèi)inshortsupply供應(yīng)短缺3.convincevt.使相信;使確信;說(shuō)服[教材原句]Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(P50)袁隆平堅(jiān)信,可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到答案。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)(convince)thathehaddonenothingwrong,herefusedtoapologize.(2)We’llnotgiveupuntilwefind(convince)evidence.(3)Scientistsareconvincedthepositiveeffectoflaughterphysicalandmentalhealth.[小情境寫作](4)他說(shuō)服警察局允許他在當(dāng)?shù)貎蓚€(gè)公園里設(shè)立幾個(gè)“聊天長(zhǎng)椅”。Hethepolicedepartmenthimtosetupacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.考點(diǎn)必記(1)convincesbthat/of使某人相信……convincesbtodosth勸服某人做某事(2)convincedadj.確信的;信服的beconvincedof/that確信……,相信……(3)convincingadj.令人信服的,有說(shuō)服力的[名師點(diǎn)津]convince的近義詞是persuade。4.attainvt.(通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得;得到[教材原句]Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(P50)雜交作物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它們的產(chǎn)量通常比常規(guī)作物高。語(yǔ)境巧練[小話題寫作](1)盡管審問(wèn)了犯罪嫌疑人兩天,警官還是沒(méi)有得到有價(jià)值的信息。Althoughhavingquestionedthesuspectfortwodays,theofficerdidn’t.(2)不管別人說(shuō)什么,只要不放棄你一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。Nomatterwhatanyonesays,youcanifyounevergiveup.(3)在幾十年的斗爭(zhēng)之后,印度于1947年獲得了獨(dú)立。Indiain1947,afterdecadesofstruggle.考點(diǎn)必記(1)attainone’sgoal/purpose達(dá)到某人的目標(biāo)/目的attaintheageof達(dá)到……的年齡attainone’sambition實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的理想attainindependence獲得獨(dú)立(2)attainableadj.可以達(dá)到的,可以獲得的unattainableadj.難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的attainmentn.獲得,達(dá)到;實(shí)現(xiàn);成就;造詣5.assumptionn.假定;設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)利的)獲得[教材原句]Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(P50)當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為這是不可能做到的。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2018·江蘇卷)Trytounderstandwhat’sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe(assume)you’vemade.(2)Itisgenerally(assume)thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.(3)Itisreasonable(assume)thattheeconomywillcontinuetoimprove.(4)(assume)thatyougetaplaceatuniversity,howareyougoingtofinanceyourstudies?考點(diǎn)必記(1)makeanassumption做出假設(shè)afalse/wrong/mistakenassumption錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)bebasedonanassumption以假設(shè)為基礎(chǔ)(2)assumevt.假設(shè);假定assume...tobe認(rèn)為……是……assumethat...假定,認(rèn)為Itisassumedthat...人們認(rèn)為……assumingthat假定……(引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,與if同義)assumetheworst做最壞的打算6.estimatevt.估計(jì);估價(jià);估算n.估計(jì);估算[教材原句]Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.(P50)據(jù)估算,現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物,這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Thecosttorepairmycar(estimate)at$800.(2)Withoutspecificinformation,it’shard(estimate)thecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.[小話題寫作](3)據(jù)估計(jì),在100年后,多達(dá)2000種哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類和爬行動(dòng)物將滅絕。asmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctinover100years.考點(diǎn)必記(1)Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計(jì)……beestimatedtodo...估計(jì)……overestimatevt.對(duì)……估計(jì)過(guò)高underestimatevt.低估;看輕(2)aconservativeestimate保守估計(jì)ataroughestimate粗略估計(jì)anaccurateestimate準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)areliableestimate可靠的估計(jì)anofficialestimate官方估計(jì)7.consumptionn.消耗;消耗量;消費(fèi)[教材原句]Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.(P50)據(jù)估算,現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物,這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricity(consume)intheUS.(2)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeand(consume)habitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.(3)Health-conscious(consume)wantmoreinformationaboutthefoodtheybuy.[小話題寫作](4)一些能效最高的冰箱比傳統(tǒng)型號(hào)耗電少。Someofthemostefficientrefrigeratorsthantraditionalmodels.考點(diǎn)必記(1)energy/fuelconsumption能源消耗popularconsumption大眾消費(fèi)(2)consumevt.消費(fèi)consumern.消費(fèi)者time-consumingadj.耗時(shí)的consumersociety消費(fèi)社會(huì)8.comprisevt.包括;包含;由……組成[教材原句]Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.(P50)據(jù)估算,現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物,這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。語(yǔ)境巧練[句式升級(jí)]Thehousecomprisestwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.→(1)Thehousetwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.→(2)Thehousetwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.→(3)Thehousetwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.考點(diǎn)必記表示“由……組成”的詞組有:consistofbecomprisedofbemadeupurn相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流[教材原句]Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.(P55)這會(huì)影響生長(zhǎng)在土地上的農(nóng)作物,相應(yīng)地影響到消化它們的動(dòng)物和人類。語(yǔ)境巧練[寫出下列句子中inturn的含義](1)Interestrateswerecutandinturnshare(股票)pricesrose.(2)Later,sheaskedustogototheblackboardandsaysomethingaboutourselvesinEnglishinturn.[選短語(yǔ)填空inturn;inreturn](3)Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.(4)Sittingforlongincreasestheriskofhighbloodpressureandfatnesswhichcoulddamagetheheart.考點(diǎn)必記(1)inturn是一個(gè)多義詞組,主要考查詞義;經(jīng)常和inreturn進(jìn)行辨析。(2)inreturn作為回報(bào)(3)itisone’sturntodosth輪到某人做某事taketurnstodosth輪流做某事takeaturnfortheworse/better出現(xiàn)不好/好的變化[佳句背誦]Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanythinginreturn.在村子里,詹姆斯無(wú)私地與村民分享他所擁有的一切,而不要求任何回報(bào)。10.alternativen.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的;非傳統(tǒng)的[教材原句]Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.(P55)作為另一種選擇,一些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作,并且許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購(gòu)物時(shí)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)食品。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Ihadnoalternativebut(accept)theoffer.[小話題寫作](2)恐龍的滅絕不一定是因?yàn)樘祗w事件,但也難以找到別的解釋。Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butarehardtofind.[翻譯句子](3)Thereareseveralalternativestoyourplan.考點(diǎn)必記(1)havenoalternativebuttodosth別無(wú)選擇,只好……(2)analternativemethodofdoingsth做某事的其他方法analternativesolution別的解決辦法alternativeenergy替代能源alternativecomedy/lifestyles/values非傳統(tǒng)喜劇/生活方式/價(jià)值觀[名師點(diǎn)津]alternative用作名詞時(shí)與choice意義相近。11.depthn.向下(或向里)的距離;深(度)[教材原句]Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.(P56)有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民還種植多種農(nóng)作物,這些農(nóng)作物利用不同層次的土壤來(lái)幫助保持肥沃。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Waterwasfoundadepthof30metres.(2)IfyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazing(deep)andvariety.(3)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(4)Thereuniondinnerhelps(deep)familytieswhiletheexchangeofgiftsandgreetingsenhancesrelationsbetweenfriends.考點(diǎn)必記(1)atadepthof在……的深處(2)deepintothenight直到深夜bedeepinthought陷入深思(3)deeplyadv.很;非常deepenvi.&vt.加深12.同位語(yǔ)從句[教材原句]Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.(P56)阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對(duì)糧食的巨大需求。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2)(2019·江蘇卷)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidenceplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(3)Theopinionlearningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.考點(diǎn)必記(1)同位語(yǔ)從句所解釋說(shuō)明的名詞通常都具有抽象含義,如:idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,problem,suggestion等。(2)除that外,連接副詞why,when,where,how與連詞whether也可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。隨堂鞏固遷移運(yùn)用Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theteacher’sselfless(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswellknown,andallherstudentsrespectandloveher.2.Hewasconcernedabouttheenergy(short)anddroughtinthevillage.3.Hewas(convince)thatIwaspartoftheproblem.4.Withthe(expand)ofcities,manypeoplesellofftheiroldhousesinthecountrysideandmoveintonewflatsincities.5.Worse,nearly18millionchildrenundertheageoffivearoundtheworld(estimate)tobeoverweight.6.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizer(consume).7.Dosomethingforfun.Ithelpsyougetrelaxed,whichturncanhelpyoustudybetter.8.Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethe(alternative).9.Thecommittee(comprise)ofrepresentativesfromboththepublicandlocalprivatebusinesses.10.Rangingfrom84cmtomorethan150cmin(long),longboardslooklikeotherskateboards.Ⅱ.選詞填空tackle,devote,attain,expand,convince,celebrity,conventional,characteristic1.In1944,attheageof30,Herseysuddenlybecamea.2.Ihavepersonallybeentothiscauseformyyears.3.Thefirstreasontheseproblemsistosavechildren’slives.4.Thomas,shesensed,couldanyoneofanything.5.Theneedtocommunicateisakeyofhumansociety.6.Stillgreatereffortsareneededbeforewecanourgoal.7.Organicallygrownproducedoesnotdiffergreatlyinappearancefromgrowncrops.8.Lookingforward,wehopeouroperationsinseveralofouroverseasbranches.Ⅲ.微語(yǔ)境寫作請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示,寫一篇介紹著名科學(xué)家袁隆平的短文。詞數(shù)80左右。1.我們都知道,袁隆平是中國(guó)最有名的科學(xué)家之一,但是,他認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)農(nóng)民,而不是名人。(oneof,celebrity)2.他致力于解決中國(guó)還有世界食物短缺的危機(jī)。(devote,shortage)3.他確信增加產(chǎn)量的最好辦法在于雜交水稻的產(chǎn)生。(convince,boostyields)4.雜交作物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它們常常比傳統(tǒng)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。(characteristic,attain)5.這種雜交水稻使得農(nóng)民們能很大地?cái)U(kuò)大生產(chǎn)量。(enable,expand)UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND核心考點(diǎn)·課堂突破1.(1)to(2)working(3)isdevoted(4)Devoted2.(1)shortage(2)ashortageof(3)shortofmoney/funds/cash(4)ashort