病理題庫-03+04 炎癥與腫瘤（含答案）

PAGE炎癥1.abscessA.積膿B.積液C.膿腫D.瘺管E.空洞2.inflammatorypseudotumorA.炎性息肉B.炎性肉芽組織C.炎性肉芽腫D.炎性假瘤E.炎性增生3.chemotasisA.趨化因子B.趨化作用C.白細胞游出D.白細胞附壁E.白細胞靠邊4.septicemiaA.菌血癥B.敗血癥C.毒血癥D.病毒血癥E.膿毒血癥5.suppurativeinflammationA.纖維素性炎B.蜂窩織炎C.漿液性炎D.化膿性炎E.增生性炎6.granulomaA.肉芽組織B.肉芽腫C.炎性息肉D.膿腫E.積膿7.inflammatorymediatorA.趨化因子B.滲出液C.吞噬作用D.炎癥介質(zhì)E.炎癥反應8.exudationA.變質(zhì)B.滲出C.增生D.浸潤E.感染9.慢性炎癥中，對膠原纖維形成無刺激作用的是A.表皮生長因子B.血小板源性生長因子C.轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子D.腫瘤壞死因子E.纖維母細胞生長因子10.慢性炎癥中，對毛細血管形成無刺激作用的是A.表皮生長因子B.血小板源性生長因子C.轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子D.腫瘤壞死因子E.血管內(nèi)皮生長因子11.慢性炎癥中，對血管內(nèi)皮細胞無刺激作用的是A.表皮生長因子B.血小板源性生長因子C.轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子D.腫瘤壞死因子E.IL-212.慢性炎癥中，對纖維母細胞增生無刺激作用的是A.表皮生長因子B.血小板源性生長因子C.轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子D.腫瘤壞死因子E.IL-213.慢性炎癥中，壽命長的炎細胞是A.中性白細胞B.單核細胞C.肥大細胞D.漿細胞E.嗜酸粒細胞14.慢性炎癥的主要原因是A.急性炎癥對組織的破壞B.細菌毒力小C.細菌數(shù)量少D.自身免疫反應E.致炎因子持續(xù)存在15.原因不明的肉芽腫性炎是A.結(jié)核性肉芽腫B.麻風性肉芽腫C.梅毒樹膠腫D.肉芽瘤病E.傷寒肉芽腫16.傷寒小結(jié)中的傷寒細胞來源于A.中性白細胞B.單核細胞C.肥大細胞D.淋巴細胞E.嗜酸粒細胞17.麻風桿菌感染引起A.漿液性炎B.蜂窩織炎C.膿腫D.纖維素性炎E.肉芽腫性炎18.屬于感染性肉芽腫的是A.風濕性肉芽腫B.Crohn病C.結(jié)核性肉芽腫D.異物肉芽腫E.結(jié)節(jié)病19.不引起異物性肉芽腫的是A.手術縫線B.滑石粉C.石棉D(zhuǎn).血吸蟲卵E.鈹20.結(jié)核性肉芽腫不具有的成分是A.Langhans巨細胞B.類上皮細胞C.纖維素樣壞死D.淋巴細胞E.纖維母細胞21.有關肉芽腫性炎的描述，錯誤的是A.均為慢性炎癥B.主要由巨噬細胞增生構(gòu)成C.增生的巨噬細胞可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎嗪司藜毎鸇.不同的病因可以引起形態(tài)不同的肉芽腫E.可根據(jù)典型的肉芽腫形態(tài)作出病因診斷22.結(jié)核性肉芽腫中的多核巨細胞主要來源于A.纖維母細胞B.中性粒細胞C.肥大細胞D.單核細胞E.漿細胞23.有關慢性炎癥的描述，錯誤的是A.起病緩慢B.病程長C.以滲出性病變?yōu)橹鱀.以巨噬細胞、淋巴細胞浸潤為主E.致炎因子持續(xù)存在24.符合慢性炎癥的描述是A.起病急B.病程短C.以增生性病變?yōu)橹鱀.常以粒細胞浸潤為主E.局部血管通透性增高25.不屬于慢性炎癥的病變是A.鼻息肉B.大腸炎性息肉C.大腸腺瘤性息肉D.胃炎癥性息肉E.宮頸息肉26.不符合慢性炎癥的病變是A.中性粒細胞為主的炎細胞浸潤B.炎癥性息肉C.炎性假瘤D.多量結(jié)締組織增生E.炎性肉芽腫形成27.有關慢性炎癥的描述，錯誤的是A.可有實質(zhì)細胞增生B.可有肉芽腫形成C.可有纖維組織增生D.可形成多發(fā)性息肉E.可形成腫瘤結(jié)節(jié)28.膿腫是指A.局灶性大量中性粒細胞浸潤及組織壞死液化B.疏松組織的彌漫性化膿性炎癥C.體腔大量膿液蓄積D.粘膜的漿、粘液滲出E.急性痢疾桿菌的典型腸病變29.蜂窩織炎是指A.局灶性大量中性粒細胞浸潤及組織壞死液化B.疏松組織的彌漫性化膿性炎癥C.體腔大量膿液蓄積D.粘膜的漿、粘液滲出E.急性痢疾桿菌的典型腸病變30.溶血性鏈球菌感染最常引起A.漿液性炎B.假膜性炎C.出血性炎D.蜂窩織炎E.膿腫31.肛門周圍深部膿腫可發(fā)生A.潰瘍B.空洞C.炎性息肉D.瘺管E.糜爛32.關于化膿性炎癥的結(jié)局，錯誤的是A.吸收消散B.機化包裹C.形成竇道或瘺管D.癌變E.血道播散33.體腔內(nèi)大量膿液蓄積，應稱之為A.蜂窩織炎B.膿腫C.積膿D.表面化膿E.癰34.非化膿性炎癥性疾病是A.急性蜂窩織炎性闌尾炎B.病毒性肝炎C.丹毒D.急性細菌性心內(nèi)膜炎E.腎盂腎炎35.蜂窩織炎性闌尾炎最主要的病變特點是A.中性粒細胞彌漫浸潤闌尾各層組織B.中性粒細胞間粘膜表面滲出C.闌尾充血、水腫D.闌尾壁內(nèi)脂肪組織增生E.闌尾腔內(nèi)可見糞石36.有關化膿性炎癥的描述，不正確的是A.有大量中性粒細胞滲出B.有膿液形成C.有大量纖維素滲出D.常伴有不同程度的組織壞死E.蜂窩織炎和膿腫均為化膿性炎37.金黃色葡萄球菌感染引起A.漿液性炎B.蜂窩織炎C.膿腫D.纖維素性炎E.肉芽腫性炎38.屬于纖維素性炎的是A.局灶性大量中性粒細胞侵潤及組織壞死液化B.疏松組織的彌漫性化膿性炎癥C.體腔大量膿液蓄積D.粘膜的漿、粘液滲出E.白喉引起的喉和氣管的病變39.屬于假膜性炎的是A.發(fā)生在腹膜的纖維素性炎B.發(fā)生在腸粘膜的纖維素性炎C.發(fā)生在胸膜的纖維素性炎D.發(fā)生在肺的纖維素性炎E.發(fā)生在心包膜的纖維素性炎40.假膜性炎的特征性的滲出物是A.漿液B.纖維素C.中性粒細胞D.巨噬細胞E.淋巴細胞41.白喉桿菌感染引起A.漿液性炎B.蜂窩織炎C.膿腫D.纖維素性炎E.肉芽腫性炎42.不屬于纖維素性炎的是A.絨毛心B.假膜性腸炎C.大葉性肺炎D.干型結(jié)核性腹膜炎E.濕型結(jié)核性腹膜炎43.有關纖維素性炎的描述，錯誤的是A.多見于粘膜、漿膜和肺B.滲出大量纖維蛋白原C.發(fā)生在漿膜時，形成偽膜性炎D.可以發(fā)生機化，引起粘連E.常伴有中性粒細胞滲出44.卡他性炎是指A.局灶性化膿性炎B.疏松組織的彌漫性化膿性炎C.體腔大量膿液蓄積的炎癥D.粘膜的漿、粘液滲出的炎癥E.大量纖維蛋白滲出的炎癥45.鼠疫桿菌感染引起肺部病變屬于A.漿液性炎B.纖維素性炎C.膿腫D.蜂窩織炎E.出血性炎46.不屬于漿液性炎的病變是A.濕性結(jié)核性胸膜炎B.風濕性關節(jié)炎C.腎盂積水D.單純皰疹E.皮膚Ⅱ度燒傷水皰47.屬于出血性炎的疾病是A.細菌性痢疾B.腸阿米巴病C.流行性腦脊髓膜炎D.鉤端螺旋體病E.丹毒48.不符合漿液性炎的描述是A.多見于疏松組織、漿膜和粘膜B.在疏松組織形成積膿C.在漿膜腔形成積液D.在粘膜形成“卡他性炎”E.滲出液中含有少量白細胞和纖維素49.急性炎癥反應中出血的機制是A.淤血B.纖維蛋白原合成減少C.纖維蛋白溶解D.血管壁的損傷E.凝血因子缺乏50.風濕性關節(jié)炎屬于A.漿液性炎B.蜂窩織炎C.膿腫D.纖維素性炎E.肉芽腫性炎51.不屬于炎癥淋巴道播散的引起的疾病是A.化膿性淋巴結(jié)炎B.急性淋巴管炎C.肺門淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核D.腰椎結(jié)核E.頸部淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核52.屬于炎癥淋巴道播散引起的疾病是A.輸尿管結(jié)核B.干酪性肺炎C.化膿性淋巴結(jié)炎D.丹毒E.蜂窩織炎性闌尾炎53.腰椎結(jié)核患者，背部膿腫破裂，膿液長期流出體表，此病變是A.潰瘍B.竇道C.瘺管D.空洞E.糜爛54.不利于炎癥痊愈的因素是A.病原體數(shù)量少B.病原體毒力弱C.機體抵抗力強D.治療及時E.機體變態(tài)反應劇烈55.有利于炎癥痊愈的因素是A.治療及時B.病原體數(shù)量多C.病原體毒力強D.機體抵抗力差E.機體變態(tài)反應劇烈56.不符合化膿性炎癥結(jié)局的描述是A.吸收消散B.包裹C.纖維組織增生修復D.轉(zhuǎn)為慢性E.引起菌血癥57.符合膿毒敗血癥的描述是A.破傷風患者出現(xiàn)全身肌肉痙攣B.血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性，無全身中毒癥狀C.血液中病毒檢查陽性D.全身中毒癥狀，血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性E.全身器官有多發(fā)性膿腫，血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性58.符合敗血癥的描述是A.破傷風患者出現(xiàn)全身肌肉痙攣B.血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性，無全身中毒癥狀C.血液中病毒檢查陽性D.全身中毒癥狀，血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性E.全身器官有多發(fā)性膿腫，血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性59.符合毒血癥的描述是A.破傷風患者出現(xiàn)全身肌肉痙攣B.血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性，無全身中毒癥狀C.血液中病毒檢查陽性D.全身中毒癥狀，血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性E.全身器官有多發(fā)性膿腫，血培養(yǎng)細菌陽性60.不符合敗血癥的描述是A.肝腫大B.高熱寒戰(zhàn)C.多器官的多發(fā)性小膿腫D.皮膚、粘膜點狀出血E.脾腫大61.不符合敗血癥的描述是A.可出現(xiàn)高熱、寒戰(zhàn)B.可出現(xiàn)脾臟及淋巴結(jié)腫大C.可出現(xiàn)皮膚粘膜點狀出血D.可出現(xiàn)中毒性休克E.血培養(yǎng)無致病菌62.不符合毒血癥的描述是A.可出現(xiàn)高熱、寒戰(zhàn)B.可出現(xiàn)脾臟及淋巴結(jié)腫大C.可出現(xiàn)心、肝、腎等實質(zhì)細胞變性或壞死D.可出現(xiàn)中毒性休克E.血中可培養(yǎng)出致病菌63.細菌進入血中并大量繁殖，引起全身中毒癥狀，稱之為A.毒血癥B.病毒血癥C.菌血癥D.敗血癥E.膿毒敗血癥64.不符合炎癥的描述是A.血管反應是中心環(huán)節(jié)B.有利于清除致病因子C.有利于修復損傷D.有利于維持器官功能E.有利于組織再生65.不符合炎癥時末梢血變化的描述是A.可出現(xiàn)核左移B.白細胞計數(shù)可增多C.白細胞計數(shù)可減少D.淋巴細胞比例升高E.血小板計數(shù)升高66.可導致迅速死亡的炎癥性疾病是A.丹毒B.淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核C.青霉素過敏D.蜂窩織炎性闌尾炎E.傷寒67.炎癥時，不引起發(fā)熱的因素是A.前列腺素B.IL-6C.TNFD.IL-1E.白細胞三烯、細菌產(chǎn)物68.引起炎癥局部疼痛的因素是A.C3a、C5aB.溶酶體酶、氧自由基C.PGE2、緩激肽D.TNF、IL-1E.白細胞三烯、細菌產(chǎn)物69.炎癥局部腫脹的原因是A.淤血B.纖維增生C.毛細血管增生D.淋巴液淤積E.炎癥性充血、滲出70.炎癥局部發(fā)紅的原因是A.發(fā)熱B.血管擴張、血流加快C.毛細血管增生D.靜脈淤血E.淋巴液淤積71.不符合炎癥全身反應的描述是A.發(fā)熱B.末梢血白細胞計數(shù)增多C.單核巨噬細胞系統(tǒng)功能增強D.末梢血出現(xiàn)幼稚的白細胞E.實質(zhì)器官變性、壞死、功能降低72.不符合炎癥介質(zhì)的描述是A.引起血管擴張B.導致組織損傷C.具有趨化作用D.引起發(fā)熱和疼痛E.引起組織增生73.不符合纖維蛋白溶解系統(tǒng)的描述是A.可激活激肽系統(tǒng)B.可激活補體系統(tǒng)C.可使血管通透性增加D.可導致組織損傷E.可引起白細胞滲出74.不符合補體激活的描述是A.抗原抗體結(jié)合可激活補體B.細菌毒素可激活補體C.壞死組織釋放的酶可激活補體D.中性粒細胞釋放的酶可激活補體E.纖維蛋白降解產(chǎn)物不激活補體75.不符合緩激肽的描述是A.可由體液釋放B.可引起細動脈擴張C.可引起內(nèi)皮細胞收縮D.可引起發(fā)熱E.可引起血管通透性增加76.不符合化學趨化作用的描述是A.趨化因子吸引白細胞定向運動B.陽離子蛋白質(zhì)對單核細胞有趨化作用C.TNF促進中性粒細胞聚集D.IL-8對中性粒細胞有趨化作用E.血小板激活因子不具有趨化作用77.不符合TNF的描述是A.由激活的淋巴細胞和單核細胞產(chǎn)生B.內(nèi)毒素等致炎因子可促進TNF分泌C.可促進白細胞粘附D.為中性粒細胞趨化因子E.引起疼痛78.不符合組胺的描述是A.存在于肥大細胞、嗜堿粒細胞和血小板中B.引起血管擴張C.對嗜酸粒細胞有趨化作用D.引起疼痛和發(fā)熱E.導致血管通透性升高79.不符合炎癥介質(zhì)的描述是A.可由體液釋放B.可由細胞釋放C.可具有趨化作用D.可引起發(fā)熱和疼痛E.不引起組織損傷80.不符合補體的描述是A.抗原抗體復合物可激活補體B.可引起血管壁的通透性增高C.具有趨化作用D.引起發(fā)熱E.C3和C5是最重要的炎癥介質(zhì)81.引起發(fā)熱的炎癥介質(zhì)是A.組胺B.溶酶體酶C.緩激肽D.白細胞三烯E.TNF82.不引起血管通透性增高的炎癥介質(zhì)是A.組胺B.C3aC.緩激肽D.C5aE.白細胞三烯83.引起疼痛的炎癥介質(zhì)是A.組胺B.溶酶體酶C.緩激肽D.白細胞三烯E.細菌產(chǎn)物84.具有調(diào)理化作用的炎性介質(zhì)是A.組胺B.C5aC.C3bD.緩激肽E.活性氧代謝產(chǎn)物85.具有化學趨化作用的炎性介質(zhì)是A.組胺B.C5aC.C3bD.緩激肽E.活性氧代謝產(chǎn)物86.急性炎癥中，引起血管通透性升高的速發(fā)反應的炎癥介質(zhì)是A.補體B.細菌毒素C.過敏毒素D.組胺E.壞死分解產(chǎn)物87.符合肥大細胞的描述是A.胞漿嗜堿性B.可產(chǎn)生肝素C.可產(chǎn)生組織胺D.可產(chǎn)生5-羥色胺E.具有吞噬功能88.符合中性粒細胞的描述是A.又稱小噬細胞B.有活躍的運動能力C.常出現(xiàn)于炎癥晚期D.吞噬細菌和壞死組織E.有豐富的中性顆粒89.出現(xiàn)在哮喘反應的支氣管壁內(nèi)的細胞是A.漿細胞B.單核細胞C.中性粒細胞D.嗜酸粒細胞E.肥大細胞90.出現(xiàn)在新鮮梗死灶邊緣的細胞是A.漿細胞B.單核細胞C.中性粒細胞D.嗜酸粒細胞E.肥大細胞91.可形成多核巨細胞的細胞是A.漿細胞B.巨噬細胞C.中性粒細胞D.嗜酸粒細胞E.肥大細胞92.不符合漿細胞的描述是A.不存在于血液B.無吞噬功能C.來源于T淋巴細胞D.橢圓形，核位于胞漿一端，核染色質(zhì)呈車輪狀分布E.胞漿內(nèi)有豐富的粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)93.合成免疫球蛋白的細胞是A.單核細胞B.T淋巴細胞C.漿細胞D.中性粒細胞E.嗜酸粒細胞94.不符合嗜酸粒細胞的描述是A.來源于骨髓B.運動能力弱C.無吞噬功能D.見于寄生蟲病及過敏性疾病E.見于某些部位的亞急性或慢性炎癥95.不符合巨噬細胞作用的描述是A.參與免疫反應B.具有吞噬細菌的作用C.C3b增強其吞噬作用D.常見于炎癥早期E.可轉(zhuǎn)化為類上皮細胞、多核巨細胞96.肉芽腫性炎增生的細胞是A.巨噬細胞B.淋巴細胞C.漿細胞D.中性粒細胞E.嗜酸性粒細胞97.慢性炎癥組織內(nèi)侵潤的細胞主要是A.淋巴細胞B.中性粒細胞C.嗜酸粒細胞D.嗜堿粒細胞E.肥大細胞98.膿細胞是A.轉(zhuǎn)化的淋巴細胞B.含Russel小體的漿細胞C.吞噬脂質(zhì)的巨噬細胞D.變性壞死的中性粒細胞E.變性壞死的嗜酸粒細胞99.寄生蟲感染時，病灶內(nèi)最多見的炎癥細胞是A.中性粒細胞B.淋巴細胞C.嗜堿粒細胞D.漿細胞E.嗜酸粒細胞100.葡萄球菌感染的炎癥灶內(nèi)主要的炎癥細胞是A.單核細胞B.淋巴細胞C.嗜酸粒細胞D.漿細胞E.中性粒細胞101.沙門桿菌感染的炎癥反應中最多見的細胞是A.淋巴細胞B.肥大細胞C.嗜酸粒細胞D.中性粒細胞E.單核細胞102.病毒感染的病灶內(nèi)最常見的細胞是A.中性粒細胞B.嗜酸粒細胞C.淋巴細胞、單核細胞D.漿細胞E.肥大細胞103.不參與吞噬細胞識別病原體的因子是A.C3b受體B.溶酶體酶C.C3bD.Fc受體E.抗體104.與白細胞殺菌能力無關的過程是A.識別和粘著B.包圍吞入C.殺傷降解D.吞噬溶酶體的形成E.趨化作用105.趨化作用是指A.白細胞靠邊B.白細胞附壁C.白細胞游出D.白細胞定向運動E.白細胞吞噬作用106.影響白細胞吞噬與脫顆粒的疾病是A.DiGeorge綜合征B.Bruton綜合征C.Chediak-Higashi綜合征D.慢性肉芽腫病E.丙種球蛋白缺乏107.與白細胞殺菌能力有關的疾病是A.DiGeorge綜合征B.Bruton綜合征C.T細胞缺陷病D.慢性肉芽腫病E.丙種球蛋白缺乏108.不符合急性炎癥時白細胞滲出的描述是A.中性粒細胞進入邊流附壁B.附壁是內(nèi)皮細胞和白細胞粘附因子互相識別的結(jié)果C.游出是指紅細胞進入血管外D.在趨化因子作用下，到達炎癥部位E.白細胞三烯具有趨化作用109.不符合白細胞滲出的描述是A.腫瘤壞死因子（TNF）可促進粘附分子的表達B.白細胞以阿米巴運動方式從內(nèi)皮細胞縫隙游出C.炎癥的不同階段，游出的白細胞種類不同D.紅細胞漏出是主動過程E.趨化因子的作用是有特異性的110.不符合炎癥時白細胞滲出的描述是A.白細胞靠邊B.白細胞與內(nèi)皮細胞粘著C.內(nèi)皮細胞主動收縮，使白細胞得以游出D.白細胞通過阿米巴運動游出血管E.白細胞向炎癥灶定向運動111.符合滲出液作用的描述是A.不引起組織粘連B.不引起組織水腫C.不影響器官功能D.不利于病原體擴散E.不利于清除病原體112.不符合滲出液作用的描述是A.稀釋毒素B.帶來抗體C.帶來補體D.帶來氧和營養(yǎng)物E.對機體有益無害113.不符合漏出液特點的是A.液體比重低B.液體靜置后不凝固C.液體內(nèi)蛋白含量低D.液體內(nèi)細胞數(shù)小于0.5×109/LE.Riva1ta反應陽性114.不符合炎癥時液體滲出機制的描述是A.微循環(huán)內(nèi)液體靜壓升高B.組織滲透壓升高C.血管內(nèi)皮細胞損傷D.新生毛細血管增加E.小靜脈增多115.符合炎性滲出液的描述是A.液體比重低B.外觀清亮C.細胞含量少D.蛋白含量低E.液體靜置后可凝固116.病毒性肝炎時，屬于滲出病變是A.匯管區(qū)淋巴細胞浸潤B.肝細胞嗜酸性小體形成C.肝細胞灶狀壞死D.肝細胞水腫E.肝細胞嗜酸性變117.不符合炎癥滲出液的描述是A.液體渾濁B.液體比重高C.液體靜置后凝固D.液體內(nèi)蛋白含量高E.液體內(nèi)含極少細胞118.急性炎癥時，組織腫脹的主要原因是A.纖維組織增生B.實質(zhì)細胞變質(zhì)C.肉芽組織增生D.實質(zhì)細胞增生E.充血及血液成分滲出119.急性炎癥反應中，不符合血管通透性增加的因素是A.致炎因子引起的內(nèi)皮細胞損傷B.炎細胞介導的內(nèi)皮細胞損傷C.內(nèi)皮細胞吞飲小泡增多D.小靜脈的高通透性E.內(nèi)皮細胞間隙增大120.急性炎癥反應中，不符合血管通透性增加的因素是A.致炎因子引起的內(nèi)皮細胞損傷B.炎細胞介導的內(nèi)皮細胞損傷C.內(nèi)皮細胞間隙增大D.新生毛細血管的高通透性E.內(nèi)皮細胞胞漿濾過增多121.急性炎癥反應中，最先滲出的是A.纖維蛋白B.球蛋白C.白蛋白D.中性粒細胞E.單核細胞122.紫外線曬傷引起的血管變化是A.速發(fā)短暫反應B.速發(fā)持續(xù)反應C.遲發(fā)持續(xù)反應D.細動脈短暫收縮E.靜脈持續(xù)淤血123.重度燒傷引起的血管變化是A.速發(fā)短暫反應B.速發(fā)持續(xù)反應C.遲發(fā)持續(xù)反應D.細動脈短暫收縮E.靜脈持續(xù)淤血124.炎癥的中，最先出現(xiàn)的血管變化是A.血管擴張B.血流緩慢C.血流加快D.血管收縮E.血流停滯125.急性炎癥反應中，最先出現(xiàn)的血管變化是A.血管擴張B.血流緩慢C.血流加快D.血管收縮E.血流停滯126.病毒性肝炎時，不屬于增生的病變是A.匯管區(qū)淋巴濾泡形成B.出現(xiàn)多量雙核肝細胞C.出現(xiàn)多量小膽管D.出現(xiàn)多量纖維組織E.出現(xiàn)多量有脂肪空泡的肝細胞127.不符合炎癥性增生的描述是A.具有抗損傷的作用B.具有修復功能C.可引起間質(zhì)增生D.可引起實質(zhì)增生E.對機體有益無害防御128.流行性乙型腦炎引起患者智力低下是由于A.腦內(nèi)炎細胞浸潤B.腦內(nèi)膠質(zhì)細胞增生C.腦內(nèi)血管擴張D.腦水腫E.腦神經(jīng)細胞變性壞死129.急性重型肝炎引起肝功能衰竭是由于A.肝出血B.肝充血C.肝內(nèi)炎細胞浸潤D.肝細胞大片壞死E.小膽管增生130.屬于炎癥性增生的病變是A.風濕性動脈炎血管壁粘液變性B.風濕性關節(jié)炎關節(jié)腫脹C.風濕性心肌炎時風濕小結(jié)形成D.風濕性心內(nèi)膜炎疣狀贅生物形成E.風濕性心外膜炎纖維素滲出131.不符合炎癥性增生的是A.實質(zhì)細胞增生B.纖維組織增生C.淋巴組織增生D.單核巨噬細胞增生E.不典型增生132.屬于炎癥的變質(zhì)性病變是A.心外膜的纖維素B.蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔的膿液C.表皮內(nèi)水泡D.乙型腦炎神經(jīng)細胞溶解消失E.慢性肝炎匯管區(qū)炎細胞133.不引起肝臟炎癥的化學因子有A.異煙肼B.利福平C.膽汁D.尿素E.酒精134.炎癥的本質(zhì)是A.代償B.修復C.增生D.適應E.防御135.屬于感染性炎癥的是A.物理性炎癥B.內(nèi)源性化學性炎癥C.生物性炎癥D.免疫性炎癥E.外源性化學性炎癥136.炎癥過程中，組織損傷的主要表現(xiàn)是A.滲出B.充血C.變質(zhì)D.間質(zhì)增生E.實質(zhì)增生137.炎癥的最重要標志是A.變性B.壞死C.滲出D.充血E.增生138.不感染脊髓灰質(zhì)炎的人群是A.體弱的兒童B.體健的兒童C.不去公共場所的兒童D.接受過計劃免疫的兒童E.消化道疾患的兒童139.最常見的致炎因子是A.物理性因子心B.化學性因子C.生物性因子D.機械性因子E.免疫性因子140.關于炎癥的闡述，錯誤的是A.炎癥是白細胞吞噬及清除有害因子的反應B.炎癥是機體對于損傷因子的防御反應C.炎癥是機體損傷及抗損傷過程D.炎癥的局部反應為紅、腫、熱、痛和功能障礙E.炎癥的全身反應包括發(fā)熱、和白細胞計數(shù)升高141.炎性肉芽腫的類型有和。142.炎性假瘤是指在致炎因子的作用下，局部組織_______，形成一個_______的腫瘤樣結(jié)節(jié)或團塊，在形態(tài)上與腫瘤外形相似。143.發(fā)生在漿膜或粘膜表面的化膿性炎癥稱為_______。144.蜂窩織炎是指疏松組織內(nèi)的_______炎，主要由_______菌引起。145.膿腫是指發(fā)生在器官或組織內(nèi)的_______炎癥，常有_______形成，主要由_______引起。146.化膿是指炎癥病灶內(nèi)壞死組織被_______釋放的_______溶解液化的過程。147.根據(jù)化膿性炎發(fā)生的原因和部位不同，可分為_______、_______及_______三種類型。148.化膿性炎是以大量的_______滲出為主，伴有不同程度的組織_______和_______形成的炎癥。149.“絨毛心”是指發(fā)生在_______的_______炎癥。150.假膜性炎屬于_______性炎，病變發(fā)生于_______，假膜主要由_______、_______和_______構(gòu)成。151.敗血癥是指毒力強的_______進入血液，在血中_______，并產(chǎn)生_______，引起全身嚴重的_______和病理變化。152.細菌的_______或_______被吸收入血稱為毒血癥。153.菌血癥的特點是_______由局部病灶進入血液，而機體沒有明顯的_______癥狀，但血中可查到_______。154.炎癥的蔓延擴散主要有_______、_______和_______三種途徑。155.炎癥局部典型的臨床表現(xiàn)是_______、_______、_______、_______、_______。常見的全身反應是_______和_______。156.在急性炎癥中常見的炎細胞是_______，在慢性炎癥中常見的炎癥細胞是_______和_______。157.組織胺是一種炎癥介質(zhì)，主要存在于_______細胞和_______細胞內(nèi)，可引起小血管_______和_______。158.炎癥過程中，局部組織發(fā)生的變性及壞死稱為_______，這種病理變化既可發(fā)生在_______細胞，也可發(fā)生于_______細胞。159.炎癥局部的基本病理變化是_______，_______，_______。160.引起炎癥最常見的原因是_______因素。選擇題答案：1-5CDBBD6-10BDBBB11-15AEBED16-20BECDC21-25ADCCC26-30AEABD31-35DDCBA36-40CCEBB41-45DECDE46-50CDBDA51-55DCBEA56-60BEDAC61-65EEDDE66-70CECEB71-75DEDED76-80EEDED81-85ECCCB86-90DECDC91-95BCCCD96-100AADEE101-105ECBED106-110CCCDC111-115DEEEE116-120AEEDE121-125CCBDD126-130EEEDC131-135EDDEC136-140CCDCAInflammation1.A36-year-oldmanhashadachroniccoughwithfeverandweightlossforthepastmonth.Achestradiographrevealsmultiplenodulesof1to4cm,someofwhichdemonstratecavitationintheupperlobes.Asputumsamplerevealsthepresenceofacidfastbacilli.Whichofthefollowingcellsisthemostimportantinthedevelopmenthislunglesions?A.MacrophageB.FibroblastC.NeutrophilD.MastcellE.Platelet2.Aftertwoweeksinthehospitalfollowingafallinwhichheincurredafractureofhisleftfemoraltrochanter,a78-year-oldmannowhasaleftlegthatisswollen,particularlythelowerlegbelowtheknee.Heexperiencespainonmovementofthisleg,andthereistendernesstopalpation.Whichofthefollowingcomplicationsismostlikelytooccurnextaftertheseevents?A.GangrenousnecrosisofthefootB.PulmonarythromboembolismC.DisseminatedintravascularcoagulationD.HematomaofthethighE.Softtissuesarcoma3.A62-year-oldmanhashadincreasingdyspneafor6years.Hehasnocoughorfever.Hehadinhaledsilicadustformanyyearsinhisjob.Achestx-raynowshowsincreasedinterstitialmarkingsandparenchymalnodulesof1to3cm.Hispulmonaryproblemsaremostlikelyduetowhichofthefollowinginflammatoryprocesses?A.NeutrophilicinfiltrationwithreleaseofleukotrienesB.ForeignbodygiantcellformationC.PlasmacellproductionofimmunoglobulinD.ReleaseofgrowthfactorsbymacrophagesE.Histaminereleasebymastcells4.A4-year-oldchildreachesuptothestoveandtouchesapotofboilingsoup.Withinseveralhours,thereismarkederythemaoftheskinoffingersonthechild'srighthand,andsmallblistersappearonthefingerpads.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthisprocess?A.FibrinousinflammationB.SerousinflammationC.PurulentinflammationD.UlcerationE.Granulomatousinflammation5.Patientshavepharyngealinfections.Themosttypicalclinicalcourseaverages3daysfromthetimeofonsetuntilthepatientseesthephysician.Inmostinstancesthepatientsexperiencefeverandchills.Onphysicalexamination,themostcommonfindingwasapharyngealpurulentexudate.Whichofthefollowingtypesofinflammationdidthesepatientsmostlikelyhave?A.GranulomatousinflammationB.AbscessformationC.AcuteinflammationD.ResolutionofinflammationE.Chronicinflammation6.A48-year-oldmanhasexperiencedmidabdominalpainforseveralweeks.Heisafebrile.Thereismildupperabdominaltendernessonpalpation,andbowelsoundsarepresent.Stoolispositiveforoccultblood.Anuppergastrointestinalendoscopyisperformedandbiopsiesaretaken.Microscopicexaminationofabiopsyspecimenofaduodenallesionisshown.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthislesion?A.AbscessB.CaseatinggranulomaC.ChronicinflammationD.PurulentexudateE.Ulceration7.Onemonthafteranappendectomy,a34-year-oldmanpalpatesasmallnodulebeneaththeskinatthesiteofthehealedrightlowerquadrantincision.Thenoduleisexcised,andmicroscopicexaminationshowsmacrophages,collagen,afewsmalllymphocytes,andmultinucleatedgiantcells.Polarizable,refractilematerialisseeninthenodule.Whichofthefollowingcomplicationsofthesurgerybestaccountsforthesefindings?A.ChronicinflammationB.AbscessformationC.EdemaD.UlcerationE.Suturegranuloma8.ThemostcharacteristicfeatureofgranulomatousinflammationisA.AggregationsofepithelioidmacrophagesB.NecrosisC.MultinucleatedgiantcellD.Langhans’giantcellsE.Eosinophils9.AllofthefollowingareassociatedwithchronicinflammationEXCEPT:A.Preponderanceoflymphocytes,macrophages,andplasmacellsB.ArisesdenovoorfromacuteinflammationC.LastsmonthstoyearsD.Macrophagesaggregatedthroughmacrophageinhibitonfactor(MIF)E.Usuallyrelatedtohigherlevelsoftissuedamagethanseeninacuteinflammation10.Whichoneofthefollowingmediatorsofacuteinflammationischemotactic?A.SerotoninB.Complement3aC.ProstaglandinsD.LysosomalproteasesE.Oxygenradicals11.Anexudateisbestdescribedas:A.Afluidlowinproteincontentwithaspecificgravityoflessthan1.020B.Afluidhighinproteincontentwithaspecificgravityoflessthan1.020C.Afluidhighinproteincontentwithaspecificgravityofmorethan1.020D.AfluidwithlargeamountsofneutrophilsandnecroticmaterialE.Happensbeforetransudateduetoincreasedvascularpermeability12.ThevascularresponseinacuteinflammationA.IsinitiallyavasodilatationfollowedbyvasoconstrictionB.InvolvestheemigrationofneutrophilsintotheinterestialtissuesbeforeotherinflammatorycellsC.AllowsleukocytestomovefromtheperipherytothecenterofthecolumnofbloodinavesselD.ResultsinatransudateE.Resultsinleukocytepavementingtheadventitiaofbloodvessels13.AlloffollowingaretrueofneutrophilsEXCEPT:A.PhagocytizebacteriaB.ContainoxidasesandproteasesC.FirstonsceneaftertissueinjuryD.ReleasehistamineE.Lifeexpectancyintissueisaround4days14.A56-year-oldmanhashadincreasingdifficultybreathingforthepastweek.Onphysicalexaminationheisafebrile.Auscultationofthechestrevealsdiminishedbreathsoundsanddullnesstopercussionbilaterally.Thereis2+pittingedemapresenttothelevelofthethighs.Achestradiographrevealsbilateralpleuraleffusions.Whichofthefollowinglaboratorytestfindingsishemostlikelytohave?A.HypoalbuminemiaB.GlucosuriaC.NeutrophiliaD.AnemiaE.Hypernatremia15.A58-year-oldwomanhadacoughwithfeverfor3days.Achestradiographrevealedinfiltratesintherightlowerlobe.AsputumculturegrewStreptococcuspneumoniae.Theclearanceoftheseorganismsfromthelungparenchymawouldbemosteffectivelyaccomplishedthroughgenerationofwhichofthefollowingsubstancesbythemajorinflammatorycelltyperespondingtothisinfection?A.PlateletactivatingfactorB.ProstaglandinsC.KallikreinD.HydrogenperoxideE.Leukotriene16.Inanexperiment,alungtissuepreparationisexposedtoMycobacteriumtuberculosisorganisms.Overthenextweek,itisobservedthatgranulomasforminthelung.WithinthegranulomathereareinflammatorycellsexpressingclassIIMHCantigens.Thesecellselaboratecytokinesthatpromotefibroblasticproductionofcollagenwithinthegranulomas.FromwhichofthefollowingperipheralbloodleukocytesarethesecellsbearingclassIIantigenmostlikelytobederived?A.NeutrophilsB.BcellsC.MonocytesD.NKcellsE.Basophils17.A52-year-oldwomanwithnomajormedicalproblemstakesalongairplaneflight.UponarrivalatSydney'sKingsfordSmithairportinNewSouthWalesfollowingtheflightfromLosAngeles,California,shecannotputhershoesbackon.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyexplanationforthisphenomenon?A.ActivationofHagemanfactorhasledtobradykininproductionB.Alotofdrinkswereservedinthefirstclasssection.C.Shedidn'ttakeanyaspirinD.AcellulitisdevelopedinherlegsE.Venoushydrostaticpressurewasincreased18.A45-year-oldmanhashadafeveranddrycoughfor3days,andnowhasdifficultybreathingandacoughproductiveofsputum.Onphysicalexaminationhistemperatureis38.5℃.Diffuseralesareauscultatedoverthelowerlungfields.Achestradiographshowsarightpleuraleffusion.Arightthoracentesisisperformed.Thefluidobtainedhasacloudyappearancewithacellcountshowing5500leukocytespermicroliter,98%ofwhichareneutrophils.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribeshispleuralprocess?A.SerousinflammationB.PurulentinflammationC.FibrinousinflammationD.ChronicinflammationE.Granulomatousinflammation19.A19-year-oldmanincursastabwoundtothechest.Thewoundistreatedintheemergencyroom.Twomonthslaterthereisafirm,3x2cmnodularmasswithintactoverlyingepitheliumintheregionofthewound.Onexaminationthescarisfirm,butnottender,withnoerythema.Thismassisexcisedandmicroscopicallyshowsfibroblastswithabundantcollagen.Whichofthefollowingmechanismshasmostlikelyproducedthisseriesofevents?A.Hypertrophicscar(keloid)formationB.DevelopmentofafibrosarcomaC.PoorwoundhealingfromdiabetesmellitusD.ForeignbodyresponsefromsuturingE.Staphyloccocalwoundinfection20.A24-year-oldprimigravidaislateinthesecondtrimesterofpregnancy.Sheexperiencesthesuddenonsetofsomecrampinglowerabdominalpain.Thisisimmediatelyfollowedbypassageofsomeclearfluidfromthevaginaalongwithafoul-smellingdischarge.Thefetusisstillborntwodayslater.Examinationoftheplacentademonstratesextensiveneutrophilicinfiltratesinthechorionandamnion.Whichofthefollowingorganismsismostlikelytoberesponsibleforthesefindings?A.MycobacteriumtuberculosisB.HerpessimplexvirusC.EscherichiacoliD.TreponemapallidumE.Toxoplasmagondii21.A20-year-oldwomansustainsaninjurytoherrightcalfinamountainbikingaccidentnearMoab.Onphysicalexaminationshehasa5cmlonglacerationontherightlateralaspectofherlowerleg.Thiswoundisclosedwithsutures.Woundhealingproceedsoverthefollowingweek.Whichofthefollowingfactorswillbemostlikelytoaidandnotinhibitwoundhealinginthispatient?A.SecondarywoundinfectionB.PresenceofsuturesC.PoortissueperfusionD.HypoalbuminemiaE.Corticosteroidtherapy22.A65-year-oldwomanhashadafeverforthepast1day.Onphysicalexaminationhertemperatureis39℃andbloodpressureis90/50mmHgwithheartrateof106/minute.LaboratorystudiesincludeaCBCwithWBCcountof12,220/microliterandWBCdifferentialcountof78neutrophils,8eosinophilsandbasophiliccells,11lymphs,and3monos.AbloodcultureispositiveforEscherichiacoli.Hercentrallinepressurefallsmarkedly.Shegoesintohypovolemicshockasaresultofthewidespreadinappropriatereleaseofachemicalmediatorderivedfrommacrophages.Shedevelopsmultipleorganfailure.Whichofthefollowingmediatorsismostlikelytoproducethesefindings?A.NitricoxideB.BradykininC.HistamineD.ProstacyclinE.ComplementC3a23.A9-year-oldgirlsustainsasmall0.5cmlonglacerationtoherrightindexfingerwhileplaying"QueenofSwords"withaletteropener.Whichofthefollowingsubstances,uponcontactwithinjuredvascularbasementmembraneactivatesboththecoagulationsequenceandthekininsystemasaninitialresponsetothisinjury?A.ThromboxaneB.PlasminC.HagemanfactorD.PlateletactivatingfactorE.Histamine24.A31-year-oldwomanhasalaparotomyperformedforremovalofanovariancyst.Sherecoversuneventfully,withnocomplications.Atthetimeofsurgery,a12cmlongmidlineabdominalincisionwasmade.Whenyouadvisethispatientoftheoutcomeofthehealingprocess,youindicatethatnearlyallofthetensilestrengthtobeobtainedinwoundhealingintheskinwillmostlikelybeachievedwithinwhichofthefollowingtimeperiods?A.OneweekB.OnemonthC.ThreemonthsD.SixmonthsE.Oneyear25.Inaclinicalstudy,patientsundergoinglaparoscopiccholecystectomyarefollowedtodocumentthepost-surgicalwoundhealingprocess.Thesmallincisionsareclosedwithsutures.Overthe4weeksfollowingsurgery,thewoundsareobservedtoregaintensilestrengthandthereisre-epithelialization.Ofthefollowingsubstances,whichismostlikelyfoundtofunctionintracellularlyincellsinvolvedinthiswoundhealingprocess?A.TyrosinekinaseB.LamininC.FibronectinD.HyaluronicacidE.Collagen26.A45-year-oldmanincursaburninjurytohishandsandarmswhileworkingonapropanefurnace.Overthenext3weeks,theburnedskinhealswithoutneedforskingrafting.Themostcriticalfactorindeterminingwhethertheskinintheregionoftheburnwillregeneratefollowingsuchaninjuryisthepresenceofwhichofthefollowingfactors?A.GoodcardiacoutputB.MinimaledemaanderythemaC.UnderlyingconnectivetissueD.SkinappendagesE.Granulationtissue27.A55-year-oldmanwithahistoryofischemicheartdiseasehasworseningcongestiveheartfailure.Hehasnotedincreasingdyspneaandorthopneaforthepast2months.Onphysicalexaminationthereisdullnesstopercussionatthelungbases.Achestx-rayshowsbilateralpleuraleffusions.Aleftthoracentesisisperformed,and500mloffluidisobtained.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofthisfluidwouldmostlikelyindicatethatitisatransudate?A.CloudyappearanceB.<3lymphocytes/microliterC.HighproteincontentD.ThepresenceoffibrinE.Largesizeoftheeffusion28.Inanexperiment,surgicalwoundsitesareobservedfollowingsuturing.Aningrowthofnewcapillariesisobservedtooccurwithinthefirstweek.Asubstanceelaboratedbymacrophagesisfoundatthewoundsitestimulatingthiscapillaryproliferation.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesismostlikelytohavethisfunction?A.Platelet-derivedgrowthfactorB.PhospholipaseC-gammaC.FibroblastgrowthfactorD.FibronectinE.Epidermalgrowthfactor29.Inanexperiment,lymphaticchannelsareobservedinnormalsofttissuepreparations.Staphylococcusaureusorganismsareinnoculatedintothetissuesandtheimmunologicresponseisobservedoverthenext24hours.Whichofthefollowingfunctionsismostlikelytobeservedbytheselymphaticstoproduceaspecificimmuneresponsetotheseorganisms?A.CarrylymphocytestoperipheraltissuesitesB.TransportantigenpresentingcellsC.RemoveextravasculartissuefluidD.ServeasaroutefordisseminationofinfectionE.Provideanemigrationpointforneutrophils30.A43-year-oldwomanhashadnauseawithvomitingpersistingforthepast5weeks.Onphysicalexaminationtherearenoabnormalfindings.SheundergoesanupperGIendoscopyandgastricbiopsiesareobtained.Themicroscopicappearanceofthesebiopsiesshowsmucosalinfiltrationbylymphocytes,macrophages,andplasmacells.Whichofthefollowingconditionsisthiswomanmostlikelytohave?A.StaphylococcusaureussepticemiaB.IngestionofchilipeppersC.DiabetesmellitusD.TuberculosisE.InfectionwithHelicobacterpylori31.Inanexperiment,Enterobactercloacaeorganismsareaddedtoasolutioncontainingleukocytes.Engulfmentandphagocytosisofthemicrobesisobserved.Nextasubstanceisaddedwhichenhancesengulfment.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesismostlikelytoproducethiseffect?A.ComplementC3bB.GlutathioneperoxidaseC.ImmunoglobulinMD.