控失型復合肥在棉花生產(chǎn)上研究-中英文翻譯

控失型復合肥在棉花生產(chǎn)上的應用研究中英文翻譯ControllosstypecompoundfertilizerapplicationresearchoncottonproductioninbothChineseandEnglishtranslation摘要控失型復合肥在棉花生產(chǎn)上的應用研究結果表明,控失型復合肥可減少肥料流失,較好地調(diào)節(jié)棉花生長;補施花鈴肥、蓋頂肥,符合棉花需肥規(guī)律,促進棉株多結優(yōu)質(zhì)桃,提高霜前花比例,可實現(xiàn)省工節(jié)本、增產(chǎn)增收。Thecontroltypeofcompoundfertilizerapplicationincottonproductionresearchresultsshowthatthecontroltypecompoundfertilizercanreducefertilizerloss,betterregulationofcottongrowth;FillShiHuafluidfertilizer,topdressing,conformstothecottonfertilizerlaw,promotethecottonleavesmulti-junctionhigh-qualitypeach,improvebeforefrostflowerratio,saveworkcanbereducecost,increaseproduction.關鍵詞控失型復合肥;棉花;生長發(fā)育;產(chǎn)量;經(jīng)濟效益Typekeywordscontrollosscompoundfertilizer;Cotton;Growthanddevelopment;Production;Economicbenefits棉花生產(chǎn)中人力投入較多,既限制了棉花生產(chǎn),又影響農(nóng)民增收。發(fā)展輕型節(jié)本增效生產(chǎn)技術是現(xiàn)階段棉花生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實需求。通過棉花控失型復合肥肥效試驗,檢驗控失型復合肥控制營養(yǎng)元素流失的效果[1-4],以提高化肥利用率和棉花產(chǎn)量,達到節(jié)約工本的效果,從而為棉花簡化栽培提供科學的施肥依據(jù)。Humaninputinthecottonproductionismore,itlimitsthecottonproduction,andincreasingfarmers'income.Developmentoflightreducecostincreaseefficiencyproductiontechnologyistherealneedsofthedevelopmentofcottonproductionatthemoment.Throughcottontypecompoundfertilizerfertilizereffecttest,inspectioncontroltypecompoundfertilizerlosscontrolofnutrientlosseffect[1-4],inordertoimprovetheutilizationrateoffertilizerandcottonyield,achievetheresultofsavingtrend,soastoprovideabasisforscientificfertilizerapplicationincottonsimplifiedcultivation.1材料與方法1materialsandmethods1.1試驗材料1.1testmaterials供試作物為棉花,品種為中棉所63。供試肥料為安徽合肥紅四方生產(chǎn)的42%控失型復合肥(16-10-16)。Forcotton,selectedcropsvarietiesofcottonin63.Selectedfertilizerforanhuihefeiredsquareproductioncontrol42%ofthetypeofcompoundfertilizer(16-10-16).1.2試驗地概況1.2testbed試驗設在安徽省宣城市宣州區(qū)水陽鎮(zhèn)長溝村朱村組,田塊土壤為沖積壤土,養(yǎng)分含量為:有機質(zhì)1.13%,銨態(tài)氮15.14mg/kg,有效磷14.35mg/kg,有效鉀94.74mg/kg,鋅1.4mg/kg,硼1.46mg/kg,pH值7.59,前茬作物為油菜。TestinanhuixuanzhoudistrictwaterYangxuancitymayorzhuditchvillageschiscosomiasis,fieldforalluvialloamsoilandnutrientcontentasfollows:1.13%organicmatter,ammonianitrogen,15.14mg/kg,14.35mg/kg,effectivephosphorusandeffectivepotassium94.74mg/kg,zinc1.4mg/kg,1.46mg/kg,boronpH7.59,thepreviousforrapeseedcrop.1.3試驗設計1.3designofexperiment1.3.1肥料運籌試驗。設4個處理,分別為:5月20日施控失肥1800kg/hm2、硼肥15kg/hm2作基肥一次性施入(A);基肥施控失肥1440kg/hm2、硼肥15kg/hm2,花鈴肥施于7月2日施氯化鉀97.5kg/hm2,蓋頂肥于8月7日施尿素126kg/hm2(B);基肥施控失肥1440kg/hm2、硼肥15kg/hm2,蓋頂肥于8月7日撒施尿素126kg/hm2(C);常規(guī)施肥,5月20日施三元素復合肥112.5kg/hm2,提苗肥于6月3日施尿素75kg/hm2,花鈴肥于7月2日施尿素225kg/hm2、48%復合肥750kg/hm2、氯化鉀300kg/hm2、硼肥15kg/hm2,7月20日補施尿素112.5kg/hm2,8月7日撒施蓋頂肥187.5kg/hm2(CK)。3次重復,共12個小區(qū),每小區(qū)30m2,株行距47cm×74cm,每小區(qū)栽54株棉花。區(qū)內(nèi)土壤條件一致,四周設有保護行。除施肥外,其他田間管理均一致。1.3.1thefertilizerlogisticstest.Set4processing,respectively:onMay20,controllingfatloss1,800kg/hm2,15kg/hm2boricfertilizerasbasalone-timeMuseinto(A);Basalcontrollingfatloss1440kg/hm2,boronfertilizer15kg/hm2,thebloomingoffertilizerappliedtoonJuly2,potassiumchloride97.5kg/hm2,copingfertilizerappliedureaonAugust7,126kg/hm2,(B);Basalcontrollingfatloss1440kg/hm2,boronfertilizer15kg/hm2,copingbroadcastureafertilizeronAugust7,126kg/hm2(C);Conventionalfertilization,onMay20,thethreeelementsinthecompoundfertilizerof112.5kg/hm2,makeseedlingfertilizerappliedureaonJune3,75kg/hm2,flowerfluidfertilizerappliedureaonJuly2,225kg/hm2,750kg/hm248%compoundfertilizer,potassiumchloride,300kg/hm2,boronfertilizer15kg/hm2,patchappliedureaonJuly20,112.5kg/hm2,August7,broadcastingcopingfat187.5kg/hm2(CK).Repeatthreetimes,atotalof12village,everyvillage30m2,plantspacing47cmx74cm,eachdistrictof54strainsofcotton.Zonesoilconditionsareconsistent,allaroundhasprotectedlines.Besidesfertilizer,othermanagementfield.1.3.2控失肥與常規(guī)施肥棉花大田示范對比試驗。設2個處理,即控失肥和常規(guī)施肥,面積共1334m2,每個處理667m2,株行距75cm×56cm?？厥Х首骰室淮涡允┤?控失肥用量為1800kg/hm2,常規(guī)施肥按當?shù)厥┓柿晳T施肥。除施肥外,其他田間管理措施均一致。1.3.2accusedoflosingfatcomparedwithconventionalfertilizationincottonfielddemonstrationexperiment.Twoprocessing,isaccusedoflosingfatandconventionalfertilizerapplication,withatotalareaof334m2,1eachprocessing667m2,plantspacing56cm75cmx.Controlledfertilizerasbasalone-timelossinto,lossoffertilizerdosageis1,800kg/hm2,fertilizingroutinefertilizationaccordingtothelocalhabitsfertilization.Besidesfertilizer,otherfieldmanagementmeasuresareconsistent.1.4試驗實施1.4testtheimplementation4月16日育苗,5月20日移栽,移栽苗齡為3葉1心(齊苗至移栽28d),5月21日澆定根水,6月17日整枝,8月5日打頂。8月15日臺風后采用清溝、扶正等補救措施。各處理分別于6月15日、7月4日、7月25日、8月10日噴施縮節(jié)胺原粉15、30、45、60g/hm2化控。分別于6月2日、28日中耕除草1次。5月30日、6月20日、7月19日、8月16日、8月30日、9月8日各治蟲1次。OnMay20,onApril16,seedling,transplanting,transplantingageofseedlingof3leaf1heart(goodseedlingemergenceto28d)transplanting,wateredsetrootonMay21,June17,pruning,superscriptthAugust5th.OnAugust15,adoptremedialmeasuressuchasditchcleaning,centralizerafterthetyphoon.EachtreatmentseparatelyonJune15,July4,July25,August10,sprayingshrinkfestivalamineby15,30,45,60g/hm2control.Respectively,onJune2,281rowweeding.OnMay30th,onJune20,onJuly19andAugust16th,August30,onSeptember8,thepest1times.2結果與分析2theresultsandanalysis2.1對棉花生育進程的影響2.1impactoncottondevelopmentprocess由表1可以看出,控失肥3個處理移栽至返苗、返苗至現(xiàn)蕾生育進程分別均比常規(guī)施肥(CK)推遲1.0~1.7d、1.3~2.0d,現(xiàn)蕾至開花各處理生育進程差距逐漸縮小;開花至結鈴、結鈴至吐絮,控失肥3個處理棉花生育進程加快,比常規(guī)施肥(CK)少1~2d。說明控失肥是逐步釋放的,前期肥效釋放較慢,但肥料流失少,不易造成脫肥環(huán)節(jié),可促使后期生育進程加快。Canbeseenfromtable1,accusedoflosingfatthreeprocessingtransplantingtomiao,miaocredittobuddingreproductionprocesscomparedtotheconventionalfertilizer(CK)respectivelyweredelayed1.0~1.7d,1.3~2.0d,frombuddingtofloweringtreatmentprocessgapnarrowing;Bolltofloweringandbollopenbolls,accusedoflosingfatthreeprocessingcottondevelopmentprocessfaster,smallerthantheconventionalfertilizer(CK)1~2d.Accusedoflosingfatisgraduallyrelease,appliedearlyreleaseisslow,butthefertilizerlossless,noteasytocausetotakeofffat,linkscanspurlatebirthprocess.2.2對棉花生長發(fā)育的影響2.2impactoncottongrowthanddevelopment由表2可以看出,常規(guī)施肥(CK)前期結鈴早,伏前桃比控失肥處理多,但伏桃較控失肥少2.2~4.3個;秋桃處理B比常規(guī)施肥(CK)增加1.0個,處理A、處理C反而比常規(guī)施肥(CK)少2.2~3.8個。調(diào)查表數(shù)據(jù)說明,由于處理B適當減少了基肥中的控失肥量,7月2日補充了鉀肥作花鈴肥,8月7日又補施了氮肥作蓋頂肥,使得伏桃和秋桃比對照均有增加。從株高長勢來看,控失肥各處理株高比常規(guī)施肥(CK)高,說明控失肥肥料釋放緩慢,有利于作物全程吸收利用和生長發(fā)育。縱觀各處理棉花生育情況的表現(xiàn)說明,控失肥能調(diào)節(jié)棉花生長,結合棉花需肥規(guī)律加以人為施肥調(diào)節(jié),可以促進棉花多結優(yōu)質(zhì)桃,從而增加產(chǎn)量。Canbeseenfromtable2,theconventionalfertilizer(CK)earlybollearlyandfellbeforethepeachcontrolfertilizerprocessingloss,butFuTaoisaccusedoflosingfatless2.2~2.2;Autumnpeachprocessingcomparedtotheconventionalfertilizer(CK)increased1.0B,ratherthantheconventionalfertilizationtreatmentA,C(CK)was2.2~3.8.Surveydatashowsthat,duetoprocessingBreducedcontrolofbasalfertilizerconsumption,onJuly2forflowerbelladdedpotashfertilizer,August7andfillthetopdressingnitrogenfertilizerasacover,makeFuTaoandautumnpeachthancontrolsallhaveincreased.Judgingbylooksliketheplantheight,fatlosscontroltheprocessingplantheightratioofconventionalfertilizer(CK),controlofslowreleasefertilizerfertilizer,promotethewholecropuptakeandgrowthanddevelopment.Throughouttheprocessingofcottonbirthsituationsuggeststhatfatlosscontrolregulatesthegrowthofcotton,cottonfertilizerruleisartificialfertilizationtoadjust,canpromotecottonknothigh-qualitypeach,thusincreasingproduction.2.3對棉花產(chǎn)量及效益的影響2.3impactoncottonyieldandbenefit由表3可以看出,處理B單株成鈴數(shù)最多,為40.63個,單鈴重最大,為6.27g,實收皮棉產(chǎn)量比常規(guī)施肥(CK)多73.5kg/hm2,實收籽棉產(chǎn)量比常規(guī)施肥(CK)多189kg/hm2?？厥Х?個處理霜前花率均比常規(guī)施肥高。各處理籽指基本相同。根據(jù)各處理實收籽棉情況和當?shù)刈衙蘧鶅r6.4元/kg計算,4個處理的產(chǎn)值分別為22070.4、24940.8、23731.2、23731.2元/hm2,4個處理的肥料投入成本分別為4195.5、3936.0、3594.0、4255.5元/hm2,治蟲化控費用為645元/hm2,則4個處理凈產(chǎn)值分別為17229.9、20359.8、19492.2、18830.7元/hm2。處理B比常規(guī)施肥(CK)節(jié)本增收1529.1元/hm2,處理C比常規(guī)施肥(CK)節(jié)本增收661.5元/hm2。由此可見,處理B的施肥效果最為顯著,處理C由于節(jié)約肥料投入也達到了節(jié)本增效的目的。Canbeseenfromtable3,processingplantintothebell,themaximumnumberofBis40.63a,singlebollweight,6.27g,paid-inginnedcottonthanconventionalfertilizer(CK)morethan73.5kg/hm2,paid-inseedcottonoutputinconventionalfertilizer(CK)morethan189kg/hm2.Accusedoflosingfatthreeprocessingbeforethefrostflowerratearehigherthannormalfertilization.Eachprocessingseedmeansbasicallythesame.Paid-inseedcottonaccordingtotheprocessingconditionsandlocalseedcottonprice6.4yuan/kg,4processingproductionvaluerespectively,22,23,24,940.8,940.8,070.4and731.2yuan/hm2,fourtreatmentsoffertilizerinputcostsarerespectively195.5,3,4,3,4,594.0,936.0936.0yuan/hm2,pestcontrolcostisRMB645/hm2,fourprocessingnetoutputof17respectively229.9,359.8,19,20,18,492.2to830.7yuan/hm2.Comparedtotheconventionalfertilizer(CK)treatmentB1529.1yuan/hm2,reducecostincreasecomparedtotheconventionalfertilizer(CK)treatmentCreducecostincrease661.5yuan/hm2.ProcessingBfertilizereffect,therefore,isthemostsignificant,withCbecauseofsavingfertilizerinputsalsoachievedthepurposeofreducecostincreaseefficiency.2.4棉花一次性施用控失肥與常規(guī)施肥大田示范對比2.4thecottonone-timeuseaccusedoflosingfatcomparedwithconventionalfertilizationfielddemonstration從表4可以看出,控失肥前期營養(yǎng)生長較快,結桃慢,但中后期控失肥結桃快,結鈴多,產(chǎn)量增加,說明控失肥營養(yǎng)元素穩(wěn)步釋放原理,對棉花的生長發(fā)育起到較好的調(diào)節(jié)作用。Canbeseenfromtable4,accusedoflosingfatearlyvegetativegrowthfaster,peachisslow,butlateraccusedofpeachfastweightloss,thebollnumber,productionincrease,thelossoffertilizernutrientreleasesteadilycontrolprinciple,hasabetteradjustmentofcottongrowthanddevelopment.3結論與討論3resultsanddiscussion棉花施用控失肥一次性作基肥,減少了施肥次數(shù)4次,節(jié)約了用工,但不具增產(chǎn)效果;適當減少基肥中控失肥的數(shù)量,補施花鈴肥、蓋頂肥,較好地滿足了棉花肥料需求[5,6],有較好的增產(chǎn)效果,同時減少施肥次數(shù)2次,節(jié)約一定的用工;適當減少基肥中控失肥的數(shù)量,只施蓋頂肥,比單純作基肥好,節(jié)約用工也可實現(xiàn)一定的增產(chǎn)。試驗示范表明,控失肥能較好地控制營養(yǎng)元素流動,肥料流失少,不易造成脫肥,對棉花全程生長有較好的調(diào)節(jié)作用。補施花鈴肥、蓋頂肥,符合棉花需肥規(guī)律,能促進棉株多結優(yōu)質(zhì)桃,提高霜前花比例。既達到了省工節(jié)本的目的,又實現(xiàn)了增產(chǎn)增收,值得推廣應用。Accusedoflosingfatdisposablecottonapplicationasbasal,reducedfertilizationtimes4times,saveslabor,butdonotholdproductioneffect;Appropriatetoreducetheamountofthebasalcontrolfatloss,fillShiHuafluidfertilizer,topdressing,bettermeetthedemandofthecottonfertilizer[5,6],havegoodproductioneffect,atthesametimereducethefertilizingtimes2times,savesomelabor;Appropriatetoreducetheamountofthebasalcontrolfatloss,onlycovertopfertilizer,betterthansimpleasbasal,savinglaboralsocanachieveacertainoutput.Experimentanddemonstrationshowedthataccusedoflosingfatcanflowbettercontrolofnutrientelements,lessfertilizerloss,isnoteasytocausetotakeofffat,hasbettercontroleffecttocottongrowthalltheway.FillShiHuafluidfertilizer,topdressing,accordswithcottonfertilizer,couldpromotecottonleavesmulti-junctionhigh-qualitypeach,improvebeforefrostflowerratio.Bothreachthepurposeoftheprovinceheading,andrealizedtheincreaseproduction,isworthyofpopularizationandapplication.4參考文獻4references[1]束維正,馬友華,陳勇,等.控失型復合肥肥效試驗[J].磷肥與復肥,2009(4):83-84.[1]d