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文檔簡介
International
Energy
Outlook
2023with
projections
to2050October
11,
2023/ieo#IEO2023What
doesEIA
do?The
U.S.Energy
Information
Administration
(EIA)
is
thestatistical
andanalytical
agency
within
theU.S.Department
ofEnergy.EIAis
thenation's
premier
source
ofenergy
information.By
law,
our
data,analyses,
forecasts,
andprojections
are
independent
ofapproval
by
any
other
officer
or
employee
oftheU.S.
government.Our
International
Energy
Outlook
2023
(IEO2023)
explores
long-term
energytrends
across
theglobe.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20232What’s
new
in
the
International
Energy
Outlook
2023??
Narrative
improvements
carriedfrom
theAnnual
Energy
Outlook
2023
(AEO2023),including
technical
notes
and
an
emphasison
the
range
ofresults?
New
cases
examining
capital
costs
ofzero-carbon
technologies?
Modeling
improvements:–
Newanalysisregions–
Newoilandnatural
gasmodel–
Highertemporal
resolutioninthe
electricitymodel–
Assumptions
abouttheimpacts
of
Russia’sfull-scaleinvasion
ofUkraineIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20233TheIEO2023includes
cases
that
vary
technical
and
economicassumptions?
All
cases
reflect
current
laws
and
regulations
as
of
March
2023,
and
the
U.S.
resultscome
directly
from
the
AEO2023,
which
assumes
U.S.
laws
and
regulations
as
ofNovember
2022
remain
uncha
ng
ed.CaseAssumptionsReferenceGlobal
average
annual
GDP
(purchasing
power
parity)
percentagechange
(2022–2050):
2.6%Brent:
$102
per
barrel
(2022$)
in
2050Zero-carbon
technologies’
2022–2050
cost
reductions:
up
to20%Economic
GrowthOil
PriceLow:
1.8%
average
annual
GDP
percentage
change
(2022–2050)High:
3.4%
average
annual
GDP
percentage
change
(2022–2050)Low:
$48
per
barrel
(2022$)
in
2050High:
$187
per
barrel
(2022$)
in
2050Zero-Carbon
TechnologyCost
(electric
power
sector)Low:
40%
reduction
in
capital
costs
below
Reference
case
by
2050High:
No
reduction
in
costsNote:
Zero-carbon
technologies
include
solar,
wind,
battery
storage,
and
nuclear.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20234IEO2023
Highlights?
Increasing
population
andincome
offset
theeffects
ofdeclining
energy
andcarbon
intensity
onemissions.?
The
shift
torenewables
tomeet
growing
electricity
demand
is
driven
byregional
resources,
technology
costs,
andpolicy.?
Energy
security
concerns
hasten
atransition
from
fossil
fuels
in
somecountries,
although
they
dri
ve
increased
fossil
fuel
consumption
inothers.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20235Th
ing
s
to
keepin
mind?
Although
we
model
a
number
ofcases,
we
donot
comprehensively
addressall
issues
that
could
dri
ve
significant
change,
like
in
a
forecast.?
Newpolicies,
geopolitical
events,
and
technology
breakthroughs
will
happenthatshift
thetrajectory
ofthe
global
energy
system.Therefore:?
IEO2023
is
not
aforecast.?
IEO2023
represents
a
set
of
policy-neutral
baselines
that
focus
onthecurrenttrajectory
oftheglobal
energy
system.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20236Across
most
cases,
energy-related
CO
emissions
continue
to
rise2through
2050
under
current
lawsIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20237The
upward
pressures
of
population
and
GDP
growth
outweigh
thedownward
pressures
of
energy
and
carbon
intensity
on
emissionsIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20238India
leads
the
world
in
economic
growth,
and
growth
rates
varyfor
other
regionsIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
20239Increasing
demand
and
current
policies
drive
steady
growth
infossil
fuel
energy—and
faster
growth
in
non-fossil
fuel
sourcesIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202310Renewable
energy
grows
the
fastest
as
ashare
of
primary
energyconsumption
across
all
cases
due
to
current
policy
and
costdriversIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202311IEO2023
Highlights?
Increasing
population
andincome
offset
theeffects
ofdeclining
energy
andcarbon
intensity
onemissions.?
The
shift
torenewables
tomeet
growing
electricity
demand
is
driven
byregional
resources,
technology
costs,
andpolicy.?
Energy
security
concerns
hasten
atransition
from
fossil
fuels
in
somecountries,
although
they
dri
ve
increased
fossil
fuel
consumption
inothers.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202312IEO2023
Highlights?
Increasing
population
and
income
offset
the
effects
of
declining
energyand
carbon
intensity
on
emissions.?
The
shift
torenewables
tomeet
growing
electricity
demand
is
driven
byregional
resources,
technology
costs,
andpolicy.?
Energy
security
concerns
hasten
atransition
from
fossil
fuels
in
somecountries,
although
they
dri
ve
increased
fossil
fuel
consumption
inothers.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202313Across
all
IEO2023
cases,
energy
consumption
increases,
andglobal
demand
grows
fastest
in
the
industrial
and
residentialsectorsIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202314Under
current
laws,
liquid
fuels
consumption
increases
through2050
across
all
cases,
driven
by
growth
in
the
industrial
sectorIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202315Industrial
energy
use
varies
across
regions
and
is
primarilydetermined
by
industrial
gross
output
and
energy
efficiency;India
’s
industrial
sector
has
the
steepest
growthIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202316Increasing
passenger
demand
drives
global
transportation
consumption;Rising
income
enables
travelers
to
shift
from
inexpensive,
moreefficient
modes
to
more
convenient,
less
efficient
modesIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202317Electric
vehicle
sales
grow
due
to
policy
incentives,
battery
costs,efficie
n
cy
standards,
and
electricity
pricesIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202318As
India
’s
economy
expands,
building
electrification
supports
arapidly
expanding
service
sector
and
electricity
use
almost
triplesin
homesIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202319IEO2023
Highlights?
Increasing
population
andincome
offset
theeffects
ofdeclining
energy
andcarbon
intensity
onemissions.?
The
shift
to
renewables
to
meet
growing
electricity
demand
isdrivenby
regional
resources,technology
costs,
and
policy.?
Energy
security
concerns
hasten
atransition
from
fossil
fuels
in
somecountries,
although
they
dri
ve
increased
fossil
fuel
consumption
inothers.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202320By
2050,
global
coal-fired
and
liquid
fuel-fired
electricitygenerating
capacity
decrease
in
most
modeled
casesIEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202321Total
electricity
generation
worldwide
increases
30%
to
76%relative
to
2022
across
cases,
and
renewables
and
nuclear
supply54%
to
67%
of
the
total
demand
across
cases
in
2050IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202322IEO2023
Highlights?
Increasing
population
andincome
offset
theeffects
ofdeclining
energy
andcarbon
intensity
onemissions.?
The
shift
torenewables
tomeet
growing
electricity
demand
is
driven
byregional
resources,
technology
costs,
andpolicy.?
Energysecurity
concerns
hastena
transition
fromfossil
fuels
in
somecountries,
although
they
drive
increased
fossil
fuel
consumption
inothers.IEO2023
Release,
CSISOctober
11,
202323Energy
security
considerations
that
favor
locally
availableresources
contribute
to
zero-carbon
technology
growth,
whichvaries
by
regionIEO
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