數(shù)學(xué)公式的英文讀法分析解析

數(shù)學(xué)公式的英文讀法&數(shù)學(xué)英文詞匯

已有1985次閱讀2008-9-2814:10|個人分類:數(shù)學(xué)天地|關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)學(xué)公式的英文讀法&數(shù)學(xué)英文詞匯1.Logic

\exists

thereexist

\forall

forall

pq

pimpliesq/ifp,thenq

pq

pifandonlyifq/pisequivalenttoq/pandqareequivalent

2.Sets

x∈A

xbelongstoA/xisanelement(oramember)ofA

xA

xdoesnotbelongtoA/xisnotanelement(oramember)ofA

AB

AiscontainedinB/AisasubsetofB

AB

AcontainsB/BisasubsetofA

A∩B

AcapB/AmeetB/AintersectionB

A∪B

AcupB/AjoinB/AunionB

A\B

AminusB/thediferencebetweenAandB

A×B

AcrossB/thecartesianproductofAandB

3.Realnumbers

x+1

xplusone

x-1

xminusone

x±1

xplusorminusone

xy

xy/xmultipliedbyy

(x-y)(x+y)

xminusy,xplusy

xy

xovery

=

theequalssign

x=5

xequals5/xisequalto5

x≠5

x(is)notequalto5

x≡y

xisequivalentto(oridenticalwith)y

x≡y

xisnotequivalentto(oridenticalwith)y

x>y

xisgreaterthany

x≥y

xisgreaterthanorequaltoy

x<y

xislessthany

x≤y

xislessthanorequaltoy

0<x<1

zeroislessthanxislessthan1

0≤x≤1

zeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequalto1

|x|

modx/modulusx

x2

xsquared/x(raised)tothepower2

x3

xcubed

x4

xtothefourth/xtothepowerfour

xn

xtothenth/xtothepowern

x

n

xtothe(power)minusn

x

(square)rootx/thesquarerootofx

x3

cuberoot(of)x

x4

fourthroot(of)x

xn

nthroot(of)x

(x+y)2

xplusyallsquared

(xy)2

xoveryallsquared

n!

nfactorial

x^

xhat

xˉ

xbar

x

xtilde

xi

xi/xsubscripti/xsuffixi/xsubi

∑i=1nai

thesumfromiequalsonetonai/thesumasirunsfrom1tonoftheai

4.Linearalgebra

‖x‖

thenorm(ormodulus)ofx

OA→

OA/vectorOA

OAˉ

OA/thelengthofthesegmentOA

AT

Atranspose/thetransposeofA

A

1

Ainverse/theinverseofA

5.Functions

f(x)

fx/fofx/thefunctionfofx

f:S→T

afunctionffromStoT

x→y

xmapstoy/xissent(ormapped)toy

f'(x)

fprimex/fdashx/the(first)derivativeoffwithrespecttox

f''(x)

fdouble-primex/fdouble-dashx/thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttox

f'''(x)

triple-primex/ftriple-dashx/thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttox

f^{(4)}(x)

ffourx/thefourthderivativeoffwithrespecttox

f

x_1

thepartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox1

^2f

x_1^2

thesecondpartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox_1

∫_0^∞

theintegralfromzerotoinfinity

\underset{x\to0}\lim

thelimitasxapproacheszero

\underset{x\to0+}\lim

thelimitasxapproacheszerofromabove

\underset{x\to0-}\lim

thelimitasxapproacheszerofrombelow

log_ey

logytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)y

lny

logytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)y

一般詞匯

數(shù)學(xué)mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)

公理axiom

定理theorem

計算calculation

運(yùn)算operation

證明prove

假設(shè)hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)

命題proposition

算術(shù)arithmetic

加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)

被加數(shù)augend,summand

加數(shù)addend

和sum

減minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)

被減數(shù)minuend

減數(shù)subtrahend

差remainder

乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)

被乘數(shù)multiplicand,faciend

乘數(shù)multiplicator

積product

除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)

被除數(shù)dividend

除數(shù)divisor

商quotient

等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto

大于isgreaterthan

小于islesserthan

大于等于isequalorgreaterthan

小于等于isequalorlesserthan

運(yùn)算符operator

數(shù)字digit

數(shù)number

自然數(shù)naturalnumber

整數(shù)

小數(shù)deintegercimal

小數(shù)點(diǎn)decimalpoint

分?jǐn)?shù)fraction

分子numerator

分母denominator

比ratio

正positive

負(fù)negative

零null,zero,nought,nil

十進(jìn)制decimalsystem

二進(jìn)制binarysystem

十六進(jìn)制hexadecimalsystem

權(quán)weight,significance

進(jìn)位carry

截尾truncation

四舍五入round

下舍入rounddown

上舍入roundup

有效數(shù)字significantdigit

無效數(shù)字insignificantdigit

代數(shù)algebra

公式formula,formulae(pl.)

單項式monomial

多項式polynomial,multinomial

系數(shù)coefficient

未知數(shù)unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor

等式，方程式equation

一次方程simpleequation

二次方程quadraticequation

三次方程cubicequation

四次方程quarticequation

不等式inequation

階乘factorial

對數(shù)logarithm

指數(shù)，冪exponent

乘方power

二次方，平方square

三次方，立方cube

四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpower

n次方thepowerofn,thenthpower

開方evolution,extraction

二次方根，平方根squareroot

三次方根，立方根cuberoot

四次方根therootoffour,thefourthroot

n次方根therootofn,thenthroot

集合aggregate

元素element

空集void

子集subset

交集intersection

并集union

補(bǔ)集complement

映射mapping

函數(shù)function

定義域domain,fieldofdefinition

值域range

常量constant

變量variable

單調(diào)性monotonicity

奇偶性parity

周期性periodicity

圖象image

數(shù)列，級數(shù)series

微積分calculus

微分differential

導(dǎo)數(shù)derivative

極限limit

無窮大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)

無窮小infinitesimal

積分integral

定積分definiteintegral

不定積分indefiniteintegral

有理數(shù)rationalnumber

無理數(shù)irrationalnumber

實數(shù)realnumber

虛數(shù)imaginarynumber

復(fù)數(shù)complexnumber

矩陣matrix

行列式determinant

幾何geometry

點(diǎn)point

線line

面plane

體solid

線段segment

射線radial

平行parallel

相交intersect

角angle

角度degree

弧度radian

銳角acuteangle

直角rightangle

鈍角obtuseangle

平角straightangle

周角perigon

底base

邊side

高h(yuǎn)eight

三角形triangle

銳角三角形acutetriangle

直角三角形righttriangle

直角邊leg

斜邊hypotenuse

勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem

鈍角三角形obtusetriangle

不等邊三角形scalenetriangle

等腰三角形isoscelestriangle

等邊三角形equilateraltriangle

四邊形quadrilateral

平行四邊形parallelogram

矩形rectangle

長length

寬width

菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond

正方形square

梯形trapezoid

直角梯形righttrapezoid

等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid

五邊形pentagon

六邊形hexagon

七邊形heptagon

八邊形octagon

九邊形enneagon

十邊形decagon

十一邊形hendecagon

十二邊形dodecagon

多邊形polygon

正多邊形equilateralpolygon

圓circle

圓心centre(BrE),center(AmE)

半徑radius

直徑diameter

圓周率pi

弧arc

半圓semicircle

扇形sector

環(huán)ring

橢圓ellipse

圓周circumference

周長perimeter

面積area

軌跡locus,loca(pl.)

相似similar

全等congruent

四面體tetrahedron

五面體pentahedron

六面體hexahedron

平行六面體parallelepiped

立方體cube

七面體heptahedron

八面體octahedron

九面體enneahedron

十面體decahedron

十一面體hendecahedron

十二面體dodecahedron

二十面體icosahedron

多面體polyhedron

棱錐pyramid

棱柱prism

棱臺frustumofaprism

旋轉(zhuǎn)rotation

軸axis

圓錐cone

圓柱cylinder

圓臺frustumofacone

球sphere

半球hemisphere

底面undersurface

表面積surfacearea

體積volume

空間space

坐標(biāo)系coordinates

坐標(biāo)軸x-axis,y-axis,z-axis

橫坐標(biāo)x-coordinate

縱坐標(biāo)y-coordinate

原點(diǎn)origin

雙曲線hyperbola

拋物線parabola

三角trigonometry

正弦sine

余弦cosine

正切tangent

余切cotangent

正割secant

余割cosecant

反正弦arcsine

反余弦arccosine

反正切arctangent

反余切arccotangent

反正割arcsecant

反余割arccosecant

相位phase

周期period

振幅amplitude

內(nèi)心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)

外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)

旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)

垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)

重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)

內(nèi)切圓inscribedcircle

外切圓circumcircle

統(tǒng)計statistics

平均數(shù)average

加權(quán)平均數(shù)weightedaverage

方差variance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation

比例propotion

百分比percent

百分點(diǎn)percentage

百分位數(shù)percentile

排列permutation

組合combination

概率，或然率probability

分布distribution

正態(tài)分布normaldistribution

非正態(tài)分布abnormaldistribution

圖表graph

條形統(tǒng)計圖bargraph

柱形統(tǒng)計圖histogram

折線統(tǒng)計圖brokenlinegraph

曲線統(tǒng)計圖curvediagram

扇形統(tǒng)計圖piediagram

專業(yè)術(shù)語詞匯代數(shù)部分1.有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算add，plus加subtract減difference差

multiply,times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)，紅利divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)

factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有關(guān)集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集

3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代數(shù)項liketerms,similarterms同類項

numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literalcoefficient字母系數(shù)

inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式

range值域

originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程，等價方程

linearequation線性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)properfraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improperfraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixednumber帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simplefraction簡分?jǐn)?shù)complexfraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)

numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator（最?。┕帜竡uarter四分之一

decimalfraction純小數(shù)infinitedecimal無窮小數(shù)

recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位

5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念

arithmeticmean算術(shù)平均值weightedaverage加權(quán)平均值geometricmean幾何平均數(shù)

exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根

commonlogarithm常用對數(shù)

digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量

inversefunction反函數(shù)complementaryfunction余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue絕對值，e.g.｜-32｜=32roundoff四舍五入6.有關(guān)數(shù)論naturalnumber自然數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負(fù)數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)integer,wholenumber整數(shù)positivewholenumber正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負(fù)整數(shù)

consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)realnumber,rationalnumber實數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational（number）無理數(shù)

inverse倒數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù)e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……primenumber質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù)，但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)

commondivisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)

(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子

ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的

tens十位units個位

mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)

commonratio公比

7.數(shù)列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression(sequence)等比數(shù)列

8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計，近似parentheses括號proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾何部分1.所有的角alternateangle內(nèi)錯角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle對頂角centralangle圓心角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles補(bǔ)角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle鄰角acuteangle銳角obtuseangle鈍角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夾角

2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle內(nèi)接三角形

3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentriccircles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長方形regularpolygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形

4.其它平面圖形arc弧line,straightline直線linesegment線段parallellines平行線segmentofacircle弧形

5.有關(guān)立體圖形cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangularsolid長方體regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面體circularcylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的

6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference,perimeter周長radian弧度surfacearea表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股crosssection橫截面centerofacircle圓心chord弦radius半徑anglebisector角平分線diagonal對角線diameter直徑edge棱faceofasolid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊includedside夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數(shù)）opposite直角三角形中的對邊midpoint中點(diǎn)endpoint端點(diǎn)vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點(diǎn)tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距

7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo)

coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系rectangularcoordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點(diǎn)abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane復(fù)平面

8.其它planegeometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的其它

1.單位類cent美分penny一美分硬幣nickel5美分硬幣dime一角硬幣dozen打（12個）score廿(20個)Centigrade攝氏Fahrenheit華氏quart夸脫gallon加侖(1gallon=4quart)yard碼meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量單位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方單位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脫(干量或液量的單位)

2.有關(guān)文字?jǐn)⑹鲱}，主要是有關(guān)商業(yè)intercalaryyear(leapyear)閏年(366天)commonyear平年(365天)depreciation折舊downpayment直接付款discount打折margin利潤profit利潤interest利息simpleinterest單利compoundedinterest復(fù)利dividend紅利decreaseto減少到decreaseby減少了increaseto增加到increaseby增加了denote表示listprice標(biāo)價markup漲價percapita每人ratio比率retailprice零售價tie打平數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科名稱翻譯

數(shù)學(xué)分析MathematicalAnalysis

實變函數(shù)FunctionsofRealVariable

泛函分析FunctionalAnalysis

極限分析LimitAnalysis

復(fù)變函數(shù)ComplexVariablesFunctions線性代數(shù)LinearAlgebra

高等代數(shù)AdvancedAlgebra

近世代數(shù)ModernAlgebra

抽象代數(shù)AbstractAlgebra

集合論與代數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)SetTheory&AlgebraicalStructure常微分方程OrdinaryDifferenticalEquations

偏微分方程PartialDifferentialEquation

偏微分方程數(shù)值解Numer