學術(shù)英語寫作總結(jié)分析解析

專業(yè)英語寫作考點總結(jié)Part?AcademicEnglishWriting（專業(yè)英語寫作）Chapter1SixConsiderationsinAcademicWritingAcademicwritingisaproductofmanyconsideration:audience,purposeandstrategy,organization,style,flowandpresentation.（學術(shù)寫作六要素：寫作對象，目的，組織結(jié)構(gòu)，文體特征，表達連貫和宣講或宣讀）。Organizationusuallyhasthefollowingfourparts:問題-解決方法包括四個部分descriptionofasituation（描述情況）Identificationofaproblem（甄別問題）Descriptionofasolution（描述解決方法）Evaluationofthesolution（評估解決方法）FormalGrammarStyle：（正規(guī)的語法風格）(1)Generallyavoidcontractions（一般來講避免使用略縮詞）例：won’t改為willnotUsethemoreappropriateformalnegativeforms（使用更為適宜的正規(guī)的否定形式）例：not...any改為nonot...much改為littlenot...many改為fewLimittheuseof“run-on”expressions,suchasandsoforthandetc.（限制使用多個詞連用的表達法）例：句子內(nèi)不能出現(xiàn)andsoforth和etc.出現(xiàn)時應將省略的部分擴展出來。Avoidaddressingthereaderasyou(except,ofcourse,ifyouarewritingatextbookorotherinstructionalmaterials).（避免向讀者說“你”）例：YoucanseetheresultsinTable1.改為：TheresultscanbeseeninTable1.Becarefulaboutusingdirectquestions.Insomefieldstheyarecommon,whileinotherstheyarenot.（使用直接引語時需謹慎）例：Whatcanbedonetolowercosts?改為：Itisnecessarytoconsiderhowcostsmaybelowered.或者Wenowneedtoconsiderhowcostsmaybelowered.Placeadverbwithintheverb.（將副詞放于動詞詞組內(nèi)）例：ThismodelwasdevelopedbyKrugmanoriginally.改為：ThismodelwasoriginallydevelopedbyKrugman.Considerwhetheryoushouldsplitinfinitives.（考慮是否該使用割裂不定式）例：Weneedtoadequatelymeettheneedsofthoseenrolledintheprogram.Aimforanefficientuseofwords.（目的是為了有效地使用詞匯）例：Therearesomeinorganicmaterialsthatcanbeusedbybioengineersintheprocessoftissueengineeringthathavebeenshowntobeverypromising.改為：Someinorganicmaterialsusedintissueengineeringhaveshowngreatpromise.習題：Youcanusethismodeltoanalyzetheeffectsofseveralparameterchanges.錯誤：使用了you。改為：Thismodelcanbeusedtoanalyzethe effectsofseveralparameterchanges.OK,whatarethereasonsthatcoffeepriceshavefallen?There’realotofpossibilities.錯誤：使用了口語OK；直接引語的使用；使用了縮略詞There’re。改為：Coffeepriceshavefallenformany reasons.Youcanseethedifferencebetweenthesetwoapproachestodesigningundergroundsubwaystationsclearly.錯誤：使用了you；將副詞clearly放在了句尾。改為：Thedifferencebetweenthesetwoapproachestodesigningunderground subwaystationcanclearlybeseen.Recentresearchhasshownthatthearmsareusedcommonlyforprotectionduringafalltotheground.錯誤：將副詞commonly放在了動詞之后。改為：Recentresearchhasshownthatthearmsarecommonlyusedforprotectionduringafalltotheground.Sofar,therehasn’tbeenanycomprehensivestudylookingintotheroleofsmilingingettingtheinitialtrustofindividuals.錯誤：使用了Sofar；使用了therebe結(jié)構(gòu)；使用了not...any結(jié)構(gòu)；使用了非正式的lookinginto。改為：Todate,nocomprehensivestudyhasexaminedtheroleofsmilingingaining theinitialtrustofindividual.Therearesomestudiesthathaveconcludedthatbamboocouldbeusedbybuildersmorewidelythanitisnowasaconstructionmaterial.錯誤：使用了therebe結(jié)構(gòu)；副詞widely位置放錯。改為：Somestudieshaveconcludedthatbamboocouldbemorewidelyused thanitisnowasaconstructionmaterial. Thesespecialtaxlawshavebeenenactedinsixstates:Illinois,Iowa,Ohio,etc.錯誤：使用了etc。改為：Thesespecialtaxlawshavebeenenactedinsixmidwesternstates:Illinois,Iowa,Indiana,Ohio,Michigan,andMinnesota.Thereisn’tverymuchresearchontheuseofoilpalmshellascoarseaggregateintheproductionofconcrete.錯誤：使用了therebe結(jié)構(gòu)；使用了not...verymuch。改為：Littleresearchhasbeendoneontheuseofoilpalmshellascoarseaggregatein theproductionofconcrete.Chapter2TwoUnderlyingStructuresinAcademicWriting（專業(yè)寫作的兩個基本結(jié)構(gòu)）1、Twounderlyingstructuresinacademicwriting：（專業(yè)寫作的兩個基本結(jié)構(gòu)）general-specificstructure（泛論-特指(GS)結(jié)構(gòu)）problem-process-solutionstructure（問題-過程-解決方法）GStextsusuallybeginwithoneofthefollowing:（GS文本通常以下列一種形式開始）Ashortorextendeddefinition（簡短或拓展定義）Acontrastiveorcomparativedefinition（對比或比較定義）Ageneralizationorpurposestatement（一般化或目標性陳述）Astatementoffact.（事實陳述）Superordinate-categoryword：technique,method,process,device,andsystem.（超級坐標詞）Deletions（刪除）：在下列情況下，你可以減少限制性關(guān)系代詞A.定語從句僅有關(guān)系代詞、be動詞、一個或多個介詞短語 B.定語從句由被動態(tài)動詞加上一些額外的信息 C.定語從句含有關(guān)系代詞、以-ble結(jié)尾的形容詞和額外的信息例題：p23(1).metalthatisoftenused—>metaloftenused(2).devicethatiscapableof—>devicecapableof(3).roofwhichisontopof—>roofontopof (4).precipitationwhichresultsfrom—>precipitationresultingfrom(5).Thissentencecannotbereduced.(6).flutethatispitchedanoctavehigher>flutepitchedanoctavehigher.aprocessthatinvolvestheselectivetransport—>aprocessinvolvingtheselectivetransport.acelestialbodywhichhasapproximatelythesamemass—>acelestialbodywithapproximatelythesamemass考題類型：句子排序例題：P27ComparativeDefinitions（對比性定義）（1）比較定義基本上有兩類：1)呈現(xiàn)一個概念是如何隨著時間的流逝而變化 的這樣一種史實陳述。2)呈現(xiàn)對當代各位專家是怎樣不同地看待此概 念所做的一個全面性的評述。Participle（分詞）例題：P39（1）Theoilisskimmedfromthesurfacebyusingaboomandthenpumpedintoatankforrecycling.（2）Afterbeingharvested,thegrapesarecrushedtoreleasethepulpandseedandthenfermentedforthreeweeks.（3）First,theglassiscuttosizeandinspectedtodetermineifithasanyimperfections.Itisthenheatedtoover600oCandcooledinastepknownasquenching.詞和詞型的變換P23-P25Chapter3DataCommentary（數(shù)據(jù)信息解讀）Inmanydisciplinesthedataisdisplayedinatable,graph,figure,orsomeotherkindofnon-verbalillustration.（在許多學科中，數(shù)據(jù)信息都是以圖表、圖形、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計圖或非口頭圖示的方式展示出來。）2、StructureofDataCommentary（數(shù)據(jù)信息解讀的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）A、Locationelementsand/orsummarystatements.（定位要素和/或總結(jié)陳述）B、Highlightingstatements.（強調(diào)陳述內(nèi)容）C、Discussionsofimplications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,etc.（對內(nèi)涵含義,問題,例外情況,推薦等的討論）Locationelementsandsummaries.（定位要素和總結(jié)）A、StartingaDataCommentary.（開始數(shù)據(jù)解讀）B、PassivesinStartingaDataCommentary.（用在開始數(shù)據(jù)解讀中的被動式）C、VerbsinIndicativeandInformativesSummaries.（用在陳述性和信息性總結(jié)中的動詞）D、LanguageFocus:Linkingas-Clause.（語言聚焦：連接詞As引出的從句）Chapter4SummaryandAbstractWriting（總結(jié)與摘要寫作）PrincipleRequirementsforagoodSummary（一份良好的任務總結(jié)具備四個主要需求）Itshouldbefocusedontherelevantaspectsofthesourcetextortextsandpresentacomprehensiveviewofallthemainpointsoftheoriginal.（它應聚焦于來源文本的相關(guān)方面并能呈現(xiàn)對全部原始要點的綜合性觀點）Itshouldpresentthesourcematerialinanaccurateandobjectivefashion.（它應以精確、客觀的形式呈現(xiàn)來源材料）Itshouldcondensethesourcematerialandbepresentedinthesummarywriter’sownwordsandavoidterminology.（它應凝縮來源材料并以總結(jié)寫作者自己的文字呈現(xiàn)出來,而且要避免用專業(yè)術(shù)語）Provideanindependentlyreferentialsummary,andkeepthelengthincontrol.（提供完全獨立的參閱性總結(jié)，并能控制其文章長度）2、寫作總結(jié)的基本步驟(1)快速略讀文本，腦中注意小標題。若無小標題，試將文本分成幾部分。(2)考慮清楚為什么給了你這個文本。確定你在處理哪種類型的文本,即:來源文本類型(3)讀文本，標示重要的信息或者作筆記(4)用你自己的詞匯寫下每一部分的要點。每一部分盡量寫出一個一句話的總結(jié)。(5)對每一個主要題目，寫下關(guān)鍵的佐證點，但必要時也要包括小的細節(jié)。(6)再次仔細檢查這個過程，做些適當?shù)淖儎印?、BasicStructureofAbstractWriting（摘要寫作的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）（1）Topicsentence（主題句）（2）SupportingSentences（佐證句）（3）ConcludingSentence（結(jié)論句）4、P70-P72的例句，寫作時會用得上。5、SummaryandAbstract兩個詞要會寫，以及知道兩者的區(qū)別，其中summary要分三段來寫，abstract不分段。PartIIBasalEnglishWriting（基礎英語寫作）Chapter1Punctuation（標點符號）Thecomma（逗號）Theperiod（句號）Thesemicolon（分號）Thecolon（冒號）Thequestionmark（問號）Thequotationmark（引號）Theexclamationmark（感嘆號）Thedash（破折號）Italicsandunderlining（斜體字和下劃線）練習題：P96-9711、本節(jié)所有的例句都要仔細看※Chapter2Vocabulary（詞匯）Levelsofdiction:formalandinformal,abstract（抽象）andconcrete（具體）,andgeneral（籠統(tǒng)）andspecific（特指）.Italsoincludeshowtoappreciatetheconnotative（引申含義）aswellasdenotative（字面含義，本義）meaningsofwords.Englishwordscanbecategorizedas（分為）formal,informalandcolloquial（口語的）.練習題：1/P102練習題：P109-P113Chapter3EnglishSentenceWriting（英語句子寫作）Typesofsentences（句子的類型）P114Accordingtostructure（根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)）simplesentences（簡單句）compoundsentences（并列句：a、逗號加并列連詞b、分號，沒有并列連詞c、分號，連接副詞及其后加逗號）complexsentences（復合句：一個主句，一個或多個從句）compound-complexsentences（并列復合句）Accordingtouse（根據(jù)功能）declarativesentences（陳述句）interrogativesentences（疑問句）imperativesentences（祈使句）exclamatorysentences（感嘆句）Accordingtorhetoric（根據(jù)修辭）loosesentences（松散句，主體部分放在前面）periodicsentences（掉尾句，主體部分放在最后）※balancedsentences（平行句）longandshortsentences（長、短句）練習題（P121）Hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittlevalue.Heletmehaveitforonlytenpounds.(Compound)改為：Hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittlevalue,soheletmehaveitforonlytenpounds.（或者Hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittlevalueandheletmehaveitforonlytenpounds.）IalwaystakemyraincoatwheneverIgooutthesedays.(Periodic)改為：WheneverIgooutthesedays,Ialwaystakemyraincoat.Theywereonholiday.Theirhousewasbrokeninto.Somevaluablepaintingswerestolen.(Compound-complex)改為：Whentheywereonholiday,theirhousewasbrokenintoandsomevaluablepaintingswerestolen.Thefiremenfoughtforthreehours.Theyfinallymanagedtoputoutthefire.(Complex)改為：Afterthefiremenfoughtforthreehours,theyfinallymanagedtoputoutthefire.Nobodyinthisworldisquiteperfect.Weallhavesomefaults.(Compound)改為：Nobodyinthisworldisquiteperfect;weallhavesomefaults.（或者Nobodyinthisworldisquiteperfect,forweallhavesomefaults.）ThetrainisgoingtoDalian.Thetrainleavesat20:15.(Simple)改為：ThetraintoDalianleavesat20:15.Inspiteoftheinterruption,hewasabletofinishallhisexercisesbeforetheclasswasover.(Loose)改為：Hewasabletofinishallhisexercisesbeforetheclasswasoverinspiteoftheinterruption.Manypeoplechoosetravelbyair.Itisfast.Itoffersconvenience.Itisnotveryexpensive.(ParallelStructure)改為：Manypeoplechoosetravelbyair,becauseitisfast,convenientandnotveryexpensive.練習題P121履歷通常包括個人信息、教育背景、工作經(jīng)歷和過去的成就。譯：Aresumegenerallyconsistsofpersonalinformation,educationalbackground,employmenthistoryandpastachievements.戴安娜在南京醫(yī)科大學主修中醫(yī)學。譯：DianaismajoringinChinesetraditionalmedicineinNanjingMedicalUniversity.請代我向你父母致以問候。譯：Pleasesendmybestregardstoyourparents.現(xiàn)代高等教育應該具有前瞻性，超越眼前的社會需求。譯：Moderncollegeeducationshouldbefar-sightedandabletoseebeyondtheimmediateneedsofthesociety.這種細菌是引起現(xiàn)在流行病的原因嗎？譯：Isthisbacteriumresponsibleforthecurrentepidemic?經(jīng)常回顧昨天，你就會珍惜今天，向往明天。譯：Takeafrequentandbackwardlookatyouryesterday,andyouwillvalueyourtodayandlookforwardtoyourtomorrow.中國傳統(tǒng)知識分子認為：窮則獨善其身，達則兼濟天下。譯：TraditionalChineseintellectualsholdthatoneshouldrefinehispersonalvirtuewheninpoverty,andhelpsavetheworldwheninsuccess.就算我追求愛情，我也肯定不會只顧沉浸在愛河里而荒廢學業(yè)。譯：IfIdidhuntforlove,Icertainlywouldn’tbathemyselfintheriverofloveallthetime,neglectingmystudies.學校倡導大學生改變就業(yè)觀念，并鼓勵他們把自己的才華和天賦投入到西部大開發(fā)中去。譯：Universitiespromoteachangeintheconceptofemploymentamongthegraduates,encouragethemtogivetheirtalentsandgeniustotheWesternExploration.SentenceExpansion（句子拓展）（各個位置的例句都要看）※句子拓展的三種方法：addition（增添法），coordination（并列法），subordination（從屬法）。重點題型，要會判斷句子正誤（1）增添法：常見的修飾詞有形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞性詞組、代詞等（adjectives,adverbs,numerals,nouns,nounphrasesandpronouns）。修飾詞通常在句中作定語或狀語。添加形容詞（addiongadjectives）單個形容詞做定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，但修飾由any,every,nosomebody,one或thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞時，放在其后。添加副詞（addingadverbs）如果句子里同時帶有幾個副詞做修飾語時，其位置應按一下順序排列：程度副詞方式副詞地點副詞時間副詞。添加短語（Addingphrases）短語有8種：名詞短語、動詞短語、介詞短語、非限定性短語（分詞短語、動名詞短語、不定式短語）、同位短語、限定性短語。（noun,verb,prepositional;threekindsofverbalphrase(participial,gerundandinfinitive),appositiveandabsolute）（2）并列法：包含三種方法Coordinatingpronouns（并列連詞）Conjunctiveadverbs（使用連接副詞）Semicolon（運用分號連接）（3）從屬法：從句主要包括名詞性從句（nounclause），狀語從句（adverbialclause）和定語從句（attributiveclause）。名詞性從句又分為主語從句（subjectclause）、表語從句（predicativeclause）、賓語從句（objectclause）和同位語從句（appositiveclause）。常見的狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、比較、讓步等。幾種短語拓展法：介詞短語進行拓展（expandingwithprepositionalphrases）介詞短語在句中可做表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。作定語時置于所修飾詞之后，做狀語時位置比較靈活，可位于句首，也可位于句中或句尾，有時用逗號將其與句子的主體部分隔開。不定式短語進行拓展（expandingwithinfinitivephrases）不定式短語做名詞時，可做主語、表語、賓語；做形容詞時，在句中作定語；做副詞時，可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、狀語等。動名詞短語進行拓展（expandingwithgerundphrases）動名詞為動詞-ing形式，名詞性可做主語、表語、賓語、定語和補足語。動詞性可以帶賓語和狀語。分詞短語進行拓展（expandingwithparticipialphrases）分詞短語有現(xiàn)在分詞短語和過去分詞短語兩種形式。effectivesentences（有效句）Effectivesentenceshavesomeorallofthefollowingqualities:unity（一致性）,coherence（連貫性）,conciseness（簡潔性）,emphasis（強調(diào)性）,variety（多樣性）.（2）此節(jié)中的每個例子都要認真看?！毩曨}：P142Thiscompositionisquitegoodasfarastheuseoflanguageisconcerned,butitscontentispoor.改為：Thiscompositionisgoodinlanguagebutpoorincontent.（Thelanguageofthiscompositionisquitegoodbutitscontentisratherpoor.）Theyoungmanishonestandhardworking,andisaveryreliableworker.改為：Theyoungmanisanhonest,hardworkingandreliableworder.（Theyoungworkerishonest,hardworkingandreliable.）//平行意思多種表達形式不連貫Dufuwasoneofthebest-knownpoets.改為：Dufuwasoneofthebest-knownpoetsinTangDynasty.Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.改為：Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobywhathedoes.（Amanisjudgednotonlybyhiswordsbutalsobyhisdeeds.）//同類意思同種表達方式Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman.改為：Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligentandcapable.Togetreadyforthetrip,allthethingssheneededwereputintoasuitcase.改為：Togetreadyforthetrip,sheputallthethingsheneededintoasuitcase.//連貫性主語不一致懸垂修飾語導致danglingmodifiersThosewhowishtotakelinguisticsareexpectedtosignhisnameonthissheetofpaper.改為：Thosewhowishtotakelinguisticsareexpectedtosigntheirnamesonthissheetofpaper.//避免造成人和數(shù)目的不一致或改變Whenonethieshardenough,youcandoalmostanything.改為：Whenonethieshardenough,hecandoalmostanything.//同上ForyearsIhavebeenattendingsummercampandenjoyedeveryminuteofit.改為：ForyearsIhavebeenattendingsummercampandenjoyingeveryminuteofit.WhenIsawthegradeonmyreportcard,Iwasterriblydisappointed,becauseIstudiedveryhard.改為：WhenIsawthegradeonmyreportcard,Iwasterriblydisappointed,becauseIhadstudiedveryhard.IfIwererichandshewassingle,Iwouldmarryher.改為：IfIwererichandsheweresingle,Iwouldmarryher.Theyinsistedthatthemoneybecollectedandthatareceiptbegiveninreturn.此句正確。練習題P142TomandhissweetheartmarriedintheearlypartofthemonthofOctober.改為：TomandhissweetheartmarriedinearlyOctober.//wordyIn1979,therewasastrikeparticipatedinbyfivethousandunionworkers.改為：In1979,fivethousandunionsparticipatedinthestrike.Thecauseofthefloodwasduetoheavyraininlatespring.改為：Thefloodwasduetoheavyraininlatespring.Thereareanumberofstudentsfromourinstitutewhoareplanningtojointheexpedition.改為：Anumberofstudentsareplanningtojointheexpedition.WhatIamtryingtosayisthatinmyopinionheisaveryhonestman.改為：Inmyopinionheisaveryhonestman.Icametothisinstitutebecauseofmanyfactors,butmostofallofthefactthatIwanttobeaninterpreter.改為：IcametothisinstitutebecauseIwanttobeaninterpreter.Thesewatermelonsarelargeinsizeandsweetintaste.改為：Thesewatermelonsarelargeandsweet.AtthepresenttimeIamtakingthecourseofWorldHistoryandinadditionacourseinGeographytoo.改為：AtpresentIamtakingWorldHistoryandGeography.Weplannedtomeetjustbeforesunriseveryearlyinthemorning.改為：Weplannedtomeetbeforesunrise.Hisattitudewasofapuzzlingnature.改為：Hisattitudewaspuzzling.練習題：P143Hewasselfless,hardworkingandmodest;that’swhyhebecameagreatScientist.改為：Hebecameagreatscientistbecausehewasmodest,selfless,andHardworking.Asaclerk,Johnwashonest,efficientandwell-dressed.改為：Johnwasawell-dressed,honest,andefficientclerk.Janewalkedoutofhislife,burstingintotearsasshelefttheroom.改為：Asshelefttheroom,Jane,burstingintotears,walkedoutofhislife.Chinahaschangedagreatdealasaresultofreformandtheopenpolicyduringthepast14years.改為：Asaresultofthereformandtheopenpolicyduringthepast1`4years,Chinahaschangedagreatdeal.Huang,thefamouswriter,wasamonghisneighbors.改為：Huang,whowasamonghisneighbors,wasafamouswriter.Socialposition,reputation,evenlifeitself,andfriends,werenolongerinterestingtohimafterhewentbankrupt.改為：Afterhewentbankrupt,friends,socialposition,reputation,evenlifeitselfwerenolongerinterestingtohim.常見的語法錯誤：P143書中每個正確的句子都要看※Misusedpartsofspeech（用錯詞性）；Sentencefragments（殘缺句）；Run-onsentences（流水句）；Misplacedmodifiers&danglingmodifiers（誤置修飾與懸虛結(jié)構(gòu)）；Probleminagreementandreference（一致與指代問題）。練習題P146修改殘缺句Afterreturningfromthebeach.Thechildrenwereexhausted.改為：Afterreturningfromthebeach,thechildrenwereexhausted.Johnneglectinghisdutiesandspendingtimeonindependentresearch.改為：Johnneglectedhisdutiesandspenttimeonindependentresearch.Karendroppedcalculus.Whichshehaddroppedseveralltimesbefore.改為：Karendroppedcalculus,whichshehaddroppedseveralltimesbefore.Workingtogethertosaveourenvironment.Wecanleavetheworldabetterplacethanwofoundit.改為：Workingtogethertosaveourenvironment,wecanleavetheworldabetterplacethanwofoundit.Ellenreturnedthelostwallettotheman.Provingthatsheisanhonestperson.改為：Ellenreturnedthelostwallettotheman,whichprovedthatsheisanhonestperson.Someerrorsinwritingareserious.Forexample,sentencefragments,andRun-onsentences.改為：Someerrorsinwritingareserious,forexample,sentencefragments,andRun-onsentences.練習題P147修改流水句Somepeoplesaytheycarefortheenvironmentwhiletheylittercigarettebutsorfruitskinsjustaboutanywheretheyhappentobe.改為：Somepeoplesaytheycarefortheenvironment,yettheylittercigarettebutsorfruitskinsjustaboutanywheretheyhappentobe.Liliisnotworriedaboutpayingforhercollegeeducation,shehasjustreceivedafullscholarship.改為：Liliisnotworriedaboutpayingforhercollegeeducationbecauseshehasjustreceivedafullscholarship.Wefinishedtheworkbynineo’clockintheeveningthenwewenthome.改為：Wefinishedtheworkbynineo’clockintheeveningandthenwewenthome.Athighnoonabigandnoisypartywasgoingonnextdoor,Icouldnottakemyusualnap.改為：Athighnoonabigandnoisypartywasgoingonnextdoor;Icouldnottakemyusualnap.練習題P147改正句子Therobberwasasix-foot-manwithamustacheweighing150pounds.改為：Therobberweighing150poundswasasix-foot-manwithamustache.Hesoldtheoldcartothemanwithleatherseats.改為：Hesoldtheoldcarwithleatherseatstotheman.Tomboughtanoldcarfromacrookeddealerwithafaultytransmission.改為：Tomboughtanoldcarwithafaultytransmissionfromacrookeddealer.Unconcernedabouthisownlife,thelittlegirldrowningintheicyriverwassavedbyapasser-by.改為：Unconcernedabouthisownlife,apasser-bysavedthelittlegirldrowningintheicyriver.ThepuppythatMary’sdadpickedupinthewoodswasreturnedtoherowner.改為：ThepuppythatMary’sdadpickedupinthewoodswasreturnedtohisowner.IwasshockedtoseeaT-shirtinthatfancydressstorewhichhadapricetagof$2000.改為：IwasshockedtoseeinthatfancydressstoreaT-shirtwhichhadapricetagof$2000.ShefeltsheshouldhaveknownthatneitherMargienorTimwouldopenthierheartscompletelytoher.改為：ShefeltsheshouldhaveknownthatneitherMargienorTimwouldopenhisheartcompletelytoher.Oneofthecomputersplacedinthecenteroftheofficehaveinternetaccess.改為：Oneofthecomputersplacedinthecenteroftheofficehasinternetaccess.Thedirecter,alongwithalltheothermembersonthecommittee,areenthusiasticaboutmyproposal.改為：Thedirecter,alongwithalltheothermembersonthecommittee,isenthusiasticaboutmyproposal.Theapplicant’slistofcredentialsareratherlong.改為：Theapplicant’slistofcredentialsisratherlong.Chapter4EnglishParagraphWriting（英語段落寫作）ParagraphStructure（段落結(jié)構(gòu)）主題句（thetopicsentence）具有三個重要功能：P149通過明確陳述討論中的一個要點進一步證明全文中心思想。顯示段落內(nèi)容?？刂圃摱温鋬?nèi)容。某一段中全部討論——舉例、細節(jié)列舉以及解釋都必須與主題句直接相關(guān)并能進一步證明主題句。練習題：1/P151ComposingEffectiveParagraphs（寫作精彩段落）精彩的正文段落應該圍繞一個主題句展開：段落應該展開充分、前后統(tǒng)一而且銜接自然。具體地講，一個很有說服力的正文段落必須滿足四個要求。首先，該段