高一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)u(píng)nits3-4復(fù)習(xí)

高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)案Units3-4(B1)【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)1．prefer的用法小結(jié)：（1）prefer常與介詞to連用，意思是“更喜歡；寧愿”，表示取前者舍后者。例如：LittleTompreferscoffeetotea.小湯姆喜歡咖啡勝過(guò)茶。Hepreferredswimmingtoskating.他喜歡游泳勝過(guò)滑冰。（2）prefer后面接不定式時(shí)常與ratherthan或者insteadof連用，意思是“寧愿做某事而不做某事”，ratherthan后面的不定式可以加to，也可以省略。例如：Hepreferredtodieratherthan(to)steal.或者Hepreferredtodieinsteadofstealing.他寧愿死也不愿意去偷竊。Iprefertoworkratherthan（to）sitidle.我寧愿工作而不喜歡閑坐。2．consider的用法小結(jié)：（1）consider可以表示“考慮；思考”的意思。后面可以接名詞或者動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。例如：Iamconsideringgoingabroad.我正在考慮出國(guó)。Thecourtwouldnotevenconsiderhisclaimfortheoldman'slegacy.法庭根本不會(huì)考慮他所提出的對(duì)老人遺產(chǎn)的要求。（2）consider還可以表示“認(rèn)為；以為”的意思，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：considersomebody/somethingtobe/tohavedone…consider+n.+adj.consider+it+adj./n.(+todo/thatclause)consider+thatclauseIconsideritagreathonor.我認(rèn)為這是極大的榮幸。Weconsiderthatthedriverisnottoblame.我們認(rèn)為這不是司機(jī)的過(guò)錯(cuò)。Heisconsideredtohavebrokenthewindow.有人認(rèn)為是他打碎了窗子。Weallconsiderhimloyaltofriends.我們都認(rèn)為他對(duì)朋友忠誠(chéng)。Idon’tconsiderthatitwillturnoutfinethisafternoon.我認(rèn)為今天下午天不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)晴。（3）習(xí)慣用法：allthingsconsidered:全面地考慮。在句中作狀語(yǔ)，用于概括或者總結(jié)。Allthingsconsidered,ouroldcarisnogood,soweshouldbuyanewonenow.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的舊車(chē)已經(jīng)沒(méi)有用了，我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該買(mǎi)輛新的。（4）considering：表示“鑒于，考慮到，顧及”的意思。例如：Consideringhowsickheis,heshouldgotoseethedoctor.鑒于他病得那樣厲害，他應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。3．ThepopulationinandaroundSanFranciscoisnowtentimesmorethanitwasin1906.英語(yǔ)中表示倍數(shù)的三種常用表達(dá)方式：（1）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,wider,etc.)thanB.意思是：A比B大（高、長(zhǎng)、寬等）三（四…）倍。例如：Theirclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanours.他們的課室比我們的大三倍（是我們課室的四倍）。ThePearlRiverisfivetimeslongerthanthisone.珠江比這條河長(zhǎng)五倍（是這條河的六倍）。（2）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,wide,etc.)asB.意思是“A的大小（高度，長(zhǎng)度，寬度等）是B的三（四）倍”。例如：AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲的面積是歐洲的四倍。Heistwiceastallasanordinaryman.他的高度是一個(gè)普通人的兩倍。（3）Aisthree(four,etc)timesthesize(height,length,width,etc.)ofB.意思是“A的大小（高度、長(zhǎng)度、寬度等是B的三（四）倍”。例如：Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesizeoftheoldone.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大。Thistreeistwicetheheightofthatone.這棵樹(shù)是那棵樹(shù)的兩倍。二、詞義辨析1．one、theone、that、it的區(qū)別：（1）one用來(lái)代替前面提到的名詞，既可以指人由可以指物。用于泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an+名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。例如：IamlookingforahouseandIlikeonewithagarden.我正在找房子，我喜歡一幢帶有花園的房子。Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.我的帽子找不到了。我想我必須再買(mǎi)一頂了。Thereisayoungmanandsomeoldonesinthehouse.這座房子里有一個(gè)年輕人和幾個(gè)老人。（2）theone：用來(lái)代替同類(lèi)事物中特指的另一個(gè)。例如：IliketherecorderbetterthantheoneIboughtlastyear.與去年我買(mǎi)的那個(gè)錄音機(jī)相比，我更喜歡這一個(gè)。（這時(shí)，theone和that可以互換）（3）that表示與前面所指的名詞為同類(lèi)，但不是同一個(gè)；而it所指的名詞為同一個(gè)。That既可以代替可數(shù)名詞，也可以代替不可數(shù)名詞。例如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.中國(guó)的人口比世界上任何國(guó)家的都要多。IhaveaverygoodTVset.Itisverylargeandbeautiful.2．takeplace,happen與breakout的區(qū)別：這三個(gè)詞都是“發(fā)生”的意思，而且都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）happen表示“（偶然）發(fā)生”，或者“碰巧做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的偶然性。例如：Thataccidenthappenedatthecorner.那場(chǎng)事故發(fā)生在拐角處。Ihappenedtomeethiminthestreet.？=IthappenedthatImethiminthestreet.我偶然在街上遇到他。（2）takeplace指“發(fā)生”，可以是有計(jì)劃地安排，也可以是無(wú)計(jì)劃或者安排。例如：Whenwilltheceremonytakeplace?儀式什么時(shí)候舉行？Astrongearthquaketookplace.一場(chǎng)強(qiáng)烈地震發(fā)生了（3）breakout指“（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”。例如：Thewarbrokeoutbetweenthenorthandthesouth.南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。Firebrokeoutintheneighborhoodlastnight. [考例1]Theboylikes___________himselfaflyerandheisalwaysimagining_________onthemoon. A．toimagine,tobe B．imagining,tobeing C．toimagine,being D．imagine,being [解析]Ｃlike既可以接一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作，也可以接動(dòng)名詞，表示一個(gè)一般性的動(dòng)作；但是imagine后只能接動(dòng)名詞，不能接不定式。所以答案為C。 [考點(diǎn)]考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。 [考例2]

My

dictionary

________,

I

have

looked

for

it

everywhere

but

still_______

it.A．has

lost,

don't

find

B．is

missing,

don't

findC．has

lost,

haven't

foundD．Ahas

lost,

don't

find

B.

is

missing,

don't

findis

missing,

haven't

found.

[解析]Ｄ前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；由于至今還沒(méi)有找到，其影響仍然存在，因此第二句應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定式形式可用于完成時(shí)。 [拓展]注意：表示“某物丟失”時(shí)，有以下幾種表達(dá)方式：Mydictionaryismissing/lost/gone. [考點(diǎn)]此題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。 [考例3]Alice

received

an

invitation

from

her

boss,

________came

as

a

surprise. A．it

B．that

C．which D．he [解析]Ｃ此句為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，不能用

that修飾，而用which.，it

和he

都使后面的句子成為獨(dú)立的分句，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句不能單以逗號(hào)連接。且選he句意不通。

[考點(diǎn)]此題考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)?！净A(chǔ)演練】一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)句子空格中所缺的單詞。1．Duringthesummerv____________,wewenttothebeachtohavesomeleisure(休閑).2．Thepooroldmanwasbittenbyap_________snakeandsoondied.3．Shemetwithmanydifficultiesduringhera_____________totheSouthPole.4．Seeingthefamousfilmstarwasanu______________experienceforme.5．Shewassothirstythatshes________awholebottleofmilk.6．We_________（認(rèn)為）thatthemanstandingthereishiselderbrother.7．Thetwoprincipalpoliticalpartieshave___________(聯(lián)合)toformagovernment. 8.Thefloodswerea_________(災(zāi)難)inmanypartsoftheworld. 9．90%ofthehousesinthatareawere_________(毀掉)intheearthquake. 10．I'llhaveanother____________(機(jī)會(huì))tovisittheexhibitionnextyear. 二、單項(xiàng)填空： 1．The

weather

turned

out

to

be

very

good,

_________

was

more

than

we

could

expect.

A．

what B．

which C．that D．

it 2．It

rained

hard

yesterday,

____

prevented

me

from

going

to

the

park..A．

that B．

which C．

as

D．

it 3．Severalweekshadgoneby___________Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing. A．a(chǎn)s B．before C．since D．when

4．_________youcallmetosayyou’renotcoming,I’llseeyouatthetheatre. A．Though B．Whether C．Until D．Unless 5．Theflowers_________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature. A．tosmell B．smelling C．smell D．tobesmelt 6．Nowthatsheisoutofwork,Lucy_________goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet. A．hadconsidered B．hasbeenconsidering C．considered D．isgoingtoconsider 7．Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice,_________methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce. A．havingtold B．tells C．totell D．telling 8．Myholidaywasn’tofmuch________tome. A．service B．experience C．benefit D．tip 9.Wasit__________shesaidorsomethingthatshedid________youwereangryatsomuch? A．what,that B．that,which C．that,what D．what,which 10．Iftherewerenohungryproblem,thepeopleoftheworldshouldhave______intheirdailylife. A．a(chǎn)muchhappiertime B．a(chǎn)morehappiertimeC．thehappiertime D．muchhappiesttime【能力拓展】 閱讀理解： Alawyerfriendofminehasdevotedherselftotheserviceofhumanity.Herspecialareais“publicinterestlaw”. Manyotherlawyersserveonlyclientswhocanpayhighfees.Alllawyershavehadexpensiveandhighlyspecializedtraining,andtheyworklong,difficulthoursforthemoneytheyget.Butwhathappenstopeoplewhoneedlegalhelpandcannotpaytheselawyers’fees? Publicinterestlawyersfillthisneed.Patricia,likeotherpublicinterestlawyers,getslessmoneythansomelawyers.Becausesheiswillingtotakelessmoney,herclientshavethehelptheyneed,eveniftheycanpaynothingatall. Someclientsneedlegalhelpbecausestoreshaveheatedthemwithbadgoods.Othersareinunsafehouses.Theircasesarecalled“civil”cases.Stillothersarecriminals(刑事犯罪),andtheygotothosepublicinterestlawyerswhoareinchargeof“criminal”cases. Thesearejustafewofthemanysituationsinwhichthemenandwomenwhoarepublieinterestlawyersservetoextendjustice(伸張正義)throughoutoursociety. 1．Apersonwhoneedsanduseslegalhelpiscalleda_________. A．lawyer B．client C．citizen D．judge 2.Publicinterestlawyersserve___________. A．thepubliconly B．onlystoresandhouses C．peoplewhocanpayhighfees D．peoplewhocanpaylittleornothing 3．Ifonlytherichcouldbehelpedbylawyers,thejusticesystemwouldbe________. A．nothingbutcheating B．modern C．fa