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精品好資料——————學(xué)習(xí)推薦精品好資料——————學(xué)習(xí)推薦/精品好資料——————學(xué)習(xí)推薦梅園中學(xué)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)資料名詞講義一、名詞的類別英語(yǔ)中名詞可以分為四類:普通名詞:dog狗man男人table桌子專有名詞:France法蘭西MrsSmith史密斯夫人Tom湯姆抽象名詞:beauty美麗charity慈善courage勇氣fear恐懼joy快樂(lè)集合名詞:crowd人群group組swarm大群team隊(duì)二、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式A、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-smap-maps以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbox-boxes,watch-watches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加esbaby-babies,country-countriesB、其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1)以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加s變復(fù)數(shù):如:twoMarys,theHenrys,boy-boys,day-days,donkey-donkeys,monkey-monkeys比較:層樓:storeystoreysstorystories2)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):有生命的加es,沒(méi)生命的加s3)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):a.加s,如:belief-beliefs,roof-roofs,safe-safes;b.去f,fe加ves:Thethief’swifekilledthreewolvesontheshelfwithsomeleavesandknivesinhalfofherlife.(thiefwifelifeknifewolfhalfleafshelf)c.均可,如:hoof(蹄),scarf(圍巾)wharf(碼頭),handkerchief,neckerchiefC、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1)child-children,mouse-mice,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,,goose-geese,man-men,woman-women見(jiàn)oo變ee男人女人a變e注意:與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。2)單復(fù)同形,如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,中國(guó)獨(dú)有的度量衡和貨幣單位但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:twodollars,twometers3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:people,police,cattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō)apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以說(shuō)aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattleThe+國(guó)籍(形容詞),表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如:TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。4)集合名詞,如crew,family,team等用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以。當(dāng)這個(gè)詞表示的是一個(gè)群體或單位,可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞:當(dāng)它表示的是這個(gè)隊(duì)的所有成員,就用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。5)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。b.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。6)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡)trousers,clothes若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousersE、復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1)通常是把最后一個(gè)詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式:boy-friends男朋友,break-ins入室盜竊如man和woman位于復(fù)合名詞的第一部分,兩部分都要變成復(fù)數(shù):mendrivers男司機(jī),womendrivers女司機(jī)2)由動(dòng)詞+er構(gòu)成的名詞+副詞組成的復(fù)合名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),只需把第一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù):hangers-on食客,奉承者,lookers-on旁觀者,runners-up(在賽跑中)第二的人,亞軍3)首字母縮寫(xiě)詞也可有復(fù)數(shù)形式:VIPs(veryimportantpersons)貴賓,UFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects)不明飛行物三、不可數(shù)名詞A、各種物質(zhì)的統(tǒng)稱:bread面包,beer啤酒,cloth布,coffee咖啡,cream奶油,glass玻璃,B、抽象名詞:advice忠告/主意,beauty美麗,漂亮,help幫助,hope希望,information信息,C、在英文中下列名詞也是不可數(shù)名詞:baggage行李,camping露營(yíng),damage損害,furniture家具,luggage行李,parking停車(chē),shopping購(gòu)物,weather氣候D、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能和a/an一起連用:Hehashadnoexperienceinthissortofwork.他干這種活沒(méi)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(experience指某人的經(jīng)歷時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞:Hehadanexcitingexperience/someexcitingexperienceslastweek.上星期他有一次/一些激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷。)★work指職業(yè)/就業(yè)/工作時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞:Heislookingforwork/forajob.他在求職/找一份工作。works(只有復(fù)數(shù)形式)可意為“工廠”或“機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)部分”。works(通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)指文學(xué)或音樂(lè)作品:Shakespeare’scompleteworks莎士比亞全集E、不可數(shù)名詞前往往加some(一些),any(任何),no(沒(méi)有),alittle(少許)等詞,或用于數(shù)詞+量詞of+不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu):apieceofadvice一條忠告,twobottlesofwater兩瓶水★可數(shù)名詞也可以使用這種結(jié)構(gòu):數(shù)詞+量詞of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)四、名詞的所有格形式分類規(guī)則例詞’s所有格單數(shù)名詞在末尾加'sthegirl'smother那個(gè)女孩的媽媽W(xué)antMei'sruler王梅的尺子以s結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),在末尾加'sTeachers'Day教師節(jié)thestudents'books學(xué)生們的書(shū)以s結(jié)尾的人名,在末尾加's或是’Dickens's/Dickens'novels狄更斯的小說(shuō)表示各自的所有關(guān)系,各名詞末尾均須加'sLucy'sandLily'sbikes露西和莉莉的自行車(chē)表示共同所有關(guān)系時(shí),最后一詞末尾加'sluckandLily'sbedroom露西和莉莉的臥室表示“某人家”、“某店鋪”,所有格后的名詞省略myuncle's我叔叔家thebutcher's肉店of所有格“名詞+of+名詞”構(gòu)成of所有格thewindowoftheroom這個(gè)房間的窗戶thelifeoftherich有錢(qián)人的生活雙重所有格在同一名詞詞組中同時(shí)具備's以及of兩種所有格afriendofmyfather's我爸爸的一個(gè)朋友練習(xí)題()1.Idon’tthinklookingafterchildrenisjust___work.A.womanB.woman’sC.womenD.women's(2010年河北?。?)2.–I’mgoingcampingthisweekend.WhatshouldItake?-Youcantakea____toread.A.radioB.suitcaseC.magzineD.blender()3. Morethan100_________willjointhismeetinginShanghai.A.manteachers B.womanteachers C.menteachers D.womansteachers(2010攀枝花)()4ItwasverydifficultformetomakeabutIdecidedtoleavemyjobAsuggestionBdecisionCplanDspeech(2010河南?。?)5.-What______doyouhaveforPaul?-Ithinkheshouldstudyharderthanbefore.A.news B.advice C.help D.information(2010江西?。?)6.It’shot.Let’shavesome______..A.pears B.porridge C.icecream D.strawberries(2010東營(yíng)市)()7.–Howfarisitfromthebusstationtothehotel?--It’sabout_______walk.A.tenminute’sB.ten–minutes C.tenminutes’D.tenminutes(2010東營(yíng)市)()8.Sandydidn’ttellherparentsthatshewasgoinghomebecauseshewantedtogivethema_______.A.giftB.call C.surprise D.note(2010江蘇省宿遷市)()9.--Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow?--Sorry,Iknownothingabouthim.Weare______.A.friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangers(2010安徽省)()10.–Goodnews.Wewillhavea___holiday.A.threedaysB.threeday’sC.three-daysD.three-day()11.--What’syourjob,Henry?--I’ma_______.Iworklate.I’mverybusywhenpeoplegoouttodinners.A.waiterB.reporterC.teacherD.nurse(2010襄樊市)()12.I'mnotsureaboutthemeaningoftheword.You'dbetterlookitupina____.A.letterB.dictionaryC.postcardD.notice(2010遼寧沈陽(yáng))()13.—Whosecomputerdoesn'twork?—____,Ithink.A.JohnhasB.JohndoesC.JohnD.John's(2010遼寧沈陽(yáng))()14.-Howmany______canyouseeinthepicture?-Onlyone.A.dogB.boatC.childrenDice()15.—CanIhelpyou?—I’dlike____________formytwindaughters.A.twopairofshoes B.twopairsofshoe C.twopairofshoe D.twopairsofshoes(2010山東濱州)()16.—Excuseme.Howfaristhepostofficefromhere?—It’sabout_______walk.A.tenminute B.tenminutes C.tenminutes’(2010福建龍巖)()17.—Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?—Yes,____,please.A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolateC.somecakesD.twoboxesofcola(2010四川眉山)()18.WhenIwasastudent,IlikedtositinthefrontoftheclassroomsothatIcouldseethewordsmoreclearlyonthe_______.A.blackboardB.deskC.dictionaryD.postcard(2010四川宜賓)()19.Isawmany____________eatinggrassonthehill.A.horseB.cowC.rabbitD.sheep(2010浙江東陽(yáng))()20.Pleasepickupthe_______.Don’tkeepitonthefloor. A.water B.paper C.books D.bottles(2010菏澤市)()21.LiuXiangdidn’twinthe_____hurdles(跨欄).A.110-meterB.110-metersC.110meter(2010四川巴中)()22.—Ihearyouhavetorunforhalfanhoureveryday.—Right.Itisoneofthe______inmyschool. A.interests B.plans C.hobbies D.rules(2010湖北咸寧)()23.Mr.LilooksNingxiaashissecond_______.A.familyB.houseC.room D.home(2010寧夏回族自治區(qū))()24.Thereare________peopleinthesupermarket.It'ssocrowded.A.hundredB.hundreds C.hundredofD.hundredsof(2010山東萊蕪)()25.—Howfarisyourhomefromschool?—It’sabouttwo______walk.A.hour’s B.hours C.hours’D.hour(2010廣安市)()26.—Whichistheseconddayofaweek?—______,ofcourse.A.Monday B.Tuesday C.WednesdayD.Sunday(2010廣安市)()27______treesarenearhere,sotheairisveryfresh(新鮮).A.TwohundredsB.HundredofC.HundredsofD.Hundreds(2010達(dá)州市)()28.ThepantsIboughtlastyeararetoosmallnow.IthinkIneedanew______.A.belt B.pair C.shirt D.ring()29.Mike:IalwaysforgetwhatIwanttobuywhenIgotothemarket.Oscar:Well,youcanmakea______ofthingsyouwanttobuy.A.habit B.list C.box D.wish(2010臺(tái)灣?。?)30.——What’syour_______?——Ilikeswimming.A.jobB.ageC.hobbyD.number(2010甘肅定西)()31._______girlstookpartintheHappyGirlCompetitionbutonlyfewofthemsucceeded.ThousandofB.ManythousandofC.OnethousandofD.Thousandsof(2010甘肅定西)()32.——Whatwouldyoulike,sir?——_______.A.TwoorangeB.TwobottlesorangeC.TwobottlesoforangeD.Twobottleoforange(2010甘肅定西)()33.Myfriendssentmemanyshort____withbestwishesformybirthday.A.newsB.informationC.preentsD.suggestions(2010云南大理)()34.–Wouldyoulikemore_______?-No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.A.waterB.booksC.clothesD.bread(2010浙江湖州)()35.Therewillbe____forthefirsttimeinthenearfutureinKunming.A.busesB.carsC.subwaysD.trains(2010昆明市)()36.After____practice,XuSongisafamoussingernow.A.somanyyearB.somanyyearsC.somanyyear’sD.somanyyears’()37._______peoplewenttotheconcertwhichinPeople’sSquare____thenightofMayDay.(2010烏魯木齊)A.Thousandsof;inB.Thousand;onC.Manythousand;inD.Thousandsof;on()38.–Wow,somanybeautifulcarsIdon’tknowwhichonetobuy.-However,youhavetomakea_____.A.conclusionB.connectionC.decisionD.presentation(2010揚(yáng)州市)()39.Wehavealreadyenjoyedour_____springvacationinChuxiong.A.ten-dayB.tendayC.tenday’sD.ten-days(2010云南楚雄)()40.Mymotheristhebusiestinmy____,shedoesalotofhouseworkeveryday.A.schoolB.libraryC.familyD.park(2010新疆建設(shè)兵團(tuán))()41.MrGreenishungry.Givehim____toeat.A.abottleofwaterB.somejuiceC.threepiecesofbreadD.somesalt(2010新疆建設(shè)兵團(tuán))()42.Ifyouworkhard,you’llgetgood_______.A.gradesB.notesC.lessensD.answers(2010天津市)()43.BecauseofProjectHope(希望工程),______childrenhavebetterlives(生活).A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof(2010天津市)()44.Ilike_____alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.A.fishB.potatoesC.noodlesD.sandwiches(2010山西?。?)45.–Pleasewritedownthetelephonenumber.-Sorry,butIhaveno___towriteon.A.penB.pencilC.paperD.salt(2010黑龍江綏化)()46.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree_____.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave(2010四川)()47.Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein________time?(2008河北?。?/p>

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