2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析（77-78）講義-高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯Thismeansthatournosesarelimitedtoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,missingthemajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.78.Therelationshipbetweenhumansandthelandweliveonhasevolvedoverhundredsofyears,butnoperiodhasinvolvedsuchrapidchangeasthepastcentury,whenwebeganusinglandinnewways.長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析77.hismeansthatournosesarelimitedtoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,missingthemajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.01斷句該句的信號(hào)詞有：①?gòu)木湟龑?dǎo)詞that②介詞to③從句引導(dǎo)詞which④標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)逗號(hào)⑤從句引導(dǎo)詞which所以斷句完成后如下：Thismeans/thatournosesarelimitedto/perceivingthosesmells/whichfloatthroughtheair,/missingthemajorityofsmells/whichsticktosurfaces.02找主謂，定主從第一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是第一小句thismeans；第二個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是nosesarelimited;根據(jù)信號(hào)詞也可以判斷該句有3個(gè)從句，找完后標(biāo)記如下Thismeans/thatournosesarelimitedto/perceivingthosesmells/whichfloatthroughtheair,/missingthemajorityofsmells/whichsticktosurfaces.03分析主句和從句本句的主干是：Thismeanssth....①thismeans是本句的主干部分，意思是“這意味著...”后面跟著that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作that的賓語(yǔ)。后面的belimitedto,意思是“僅限于...”to是介詞，所以后面的perceiving是動(dòng)名詞形式。perceivev.感知到，意思到，察覺(jué)；看待，理解。eg:Catsarenotabletoperceivecolour.貓不能辨別顏色。②這半句是賓語(yǔ)從句中含有的一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thosesmells。這半句的意思是：在空氣中漂浮的氣味。float:v.浮，漂；漂??；飄來(lái)，傳來(lái)eg：Acoupleofbrokenbranchesfloatedpastus.幾根斷肢從我們身邊漂過(guò)。③這句“missingthemajorityofsmells”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。下面補(bǔ)充一下現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法：句子的主謂部分與分詞之間含有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。eg：WinterinIndiasetsinNovemberandcontinuesuntilFebruary,permittingthecultivationofwheat.表示結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)通常放在句子的后頭，其前常有一逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，分詞短語(yǔ)前有時(shí)可加上副詞thus或者thereby(因此，因而)eg:Carbonburnsinoxygenorair,therebyformingcarbondioxide.這種作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以是句子的主語(yǔ)，也可以前邊的整個(gè)句子，因而，在前一種情況下現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于and連接的并列謂語(yǔ)；在后面一種情況下現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。eg:Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.(相當(dāng)于and的情況)themajorityof:（團(tuán)體中的）多數(shù)，大多數(shù)eg:Inthevastmajorityofcasesthediseaseisfatal.這種疾病絕大多數(shù)病例都是致命的。④最后半句是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的themajorityofsmells。這半句的意思是：附著在表面上的大多數(shù)氣味。04參考譯文這就意味著，我們的鼻子只能感知空氣中的漂浮的氣味，而遺漏了大多數(shù)附著在各種物體表面上的氣味。Therelationshipbetweenhumansandthelandweliveonhasevolvedoverhundredsofyears,butnoperiodhasinvolvedsuchrapidchangeasthepastcentury,whenwebeganusinglandinnewways.01斷句該句的信號(hào)詞有：①介詞短語(yǔ)between...and②從句判斷③主句謂語(yǔ)④標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)逗號(hào)⑤介詞短語(yǔ)such...as⑥標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)逗號(hào)/從句引導(dǎo)詞when所以斷句完成后如下：Therelationship/betweenhumansandtheland/weliveon/hasevolvedoverhundredsofyears,/butnoperiodhasinvolved/suchrapidchangeasthepastcentury,/whenwebeganusinglandinnewways.02找主謂，定主從第一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是第一小句therelationshiphasevolved；第二個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是weliveon;第三個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是noperiodhasinvolved;第四個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是webegan。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞也可以判斷該句有1個(gè)從句，找完后標(biāo)記如下：Therelationship/betweenhumansandtheland/weliveon/hasevolvedoverhundredsofyears,/butnoperiodhasinvolved/suchrapidchangeasthepastcentury,/whenwebeganusinglandinnewways.03分析主句和從句本句的主干是：Therelationshiphasevolved,butnoperiodhasevolvedsuchrapidchangeasthepastcentury.①逗號(hào)前面的一部分主句，首先去掉修飾成分，找出主語(yǔ)是therelationship,而謂語(yǔ)是hasevolved。跟在主語(yǔ)后面的“betweenhumansandtheland”這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)是作后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)的。接著，后面的weliveon也看做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾theland。所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面這部分一起的意思是：人類(lèi)與我們所居住的這片土地。介詞短語(yǔ)overhundredsofyears作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。下面學(xué)習(xí)一下本部分的重點(diǎn)詞匯：evolve:v.進(jìn)化，進(jìn)化形成；逐步形成，逐步演變eg:Thegroupgraduallyevolvedintoapoliticalparty.該團(tuán)體逐步發(fā)展成了一個(gè)政黨。②逗號(hào)后面是but連接的另一部分主句。主語(yǔ)部分是noperiod,謂語(yǔ)部分是hasevolved。后面的such加名詞短語(yǔ)加as，意思是：像....那樣的，諸如。這半句的意思是：但是沒(méi)有哪個(gè)時(shí)期像上世紀(jì)那樣。③這里是when引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞century。從句的主語(yǔ)是we,謂語(yǔ)是begin,在本句的用法是begindoingsth，開(kāi)始做某事，著手做某事。這里是指過(guò)去正在發(fā)生的事情。這半句的意思是：那個(gè)時(shí)候我們開(kāi)始以新的方式使用土地。thepastcentury:上個(gè)世紀(jì)04參考譯文人類(lèi)與我們所居住的這片土地的關(guān)系已經(jīng)發(fā)展成千上萬(wàn)年了，但是沒(méi)有哪個(gè)時(shí)期像上世紀(jì)那樣發(fā)生如此巨大的變化，在那個(gè)時(shí)候我們開(kāi)始以新的方式使用土地。高考英語(yǔ)真題長(zhǎng)難句原題重現(xiàn)1.Ithappenedthatfatherhadsentusupstairsbecausehethoughthewouldbeabletolockthedoor—whichwastwentyfeetaway—beforetheanimalreachedit.事情發(fā)生是這樣的,爸爸先把我們送上樓，因?yàn)樗詾樗軌蛟谀莻€(gè)動(dòng)物趕到之前(距離20英尺遠(yuǎn))將門(mén)鎖上。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)Ithappenedthat…事情發(fā)生是這樣的…Ithappenedthatfatherhadsentusupstairsbecausehethoughthewouldbeabletolockthedoor—whichwastwentyfeetaway—beforetheanimalreachedit.（NMET90）________________________________事情發(fā)生是這樣的,爸爸先把我們送上樓，因?yàn)樗詾樗軌蛟谀莻€(gè)動(dòng)物趕到之前（距離20英尺遠(yuǎn)）將門(mén)鎖上。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)Ithappenedthat…事情發(fā)生是這樣的…______。2.Hecertainlylookedthepartallright,hethought,asheadmiredhimselfinthemirror.當(dāng)他在鏡子前自我欣賞時(shí)，他想他當(dāng)然看上去很適合那個(gè)角色。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞allright確實(shí)，無(wú)疑。Hecertainlylookedthepartallright,hethoughtashe______himselfinthemirror.A.lookedB.showedC.admiredD.enjoyedC試題分析：句意：他在鏡子前自己欣賞著自己，認(rèn)為自己看上去很象所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧?。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是lookatoneself；showoneself顯露，出現(xiàn)；admireoneself自我欣賞；enjoyoneself玩得痛快，自?shī)?，所以選C。3.Heputhisheadinhishandsandtriedtorememberhislines,butnothingcametohismind.他抱著頭，盡力的想臺(tái)詞，但什么也想不起來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：迂回表達(dá)nothingcametohismind=Herememberednothing.Heputhisheadinhishandsandtriedtorememberhislines,butnothingcametohismind.（NMET91）________________________________________________________________他抱著頭，盡力的想臺(tái)詞，但什么也想不起來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：迂回表達(dá)nothingcametohismind=Herememberednothing.注意butnothing，轉(zhuǎn)折，否定的表達(dá)。4.Infactthemorehewatchedtheplay,themorehefelthimselfpartofit.（出自1991年高考英語(yǔ)真題卷）實(shí)際上，他越是觀看這臺(tái)戲劇，他越是認(rèn)為自己已進(jìn)入角色。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)themore…themore…越…越…真題鏈接：5.Insteadshetookashortwalkinaparknearbyandcamehome,lettingherselfinthroughthebackdoor.反而，她在附近公園散步一會(huì)兒就回到家，她經(jīng)過(guò)后門(mén)讓自己進(jìn)去的。簡(jiǎn)析：分詞短語(yǔ)lettingherselfin作狀語(yǔ)。Insteadshetookashortwalkinaparknearbyandcamehome,lettingherselfinthroughthebackdoor.（NMET92）________________反而，她在附近公園散步一會(huì)兒就回到家，她經(jīng)過(guò)后門(mén)讓自己進(jìn)去的。簡(jiǎn)析：分詞短語(yǔ)lettingherselfin作狀語(yǔ)。5.Shesettleddowntowaitandseewhatwouldhappen.她靜下心來(lái)等，看會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞settledowntodosth靜下心來(lái)做…真題鏈接（1991年高考英語(yǔ)真題卷）OnThursdayafternoonMrsClakelockedthedoorandwenttothewomen’sclubasusual.Itwasapleasantwayof___1___timeforanoldwomanwholived___2___.Whenshecamehomeshe___3___somethingunusual.Hadsomeonegotin?Thebackdoorandthewindowswerealllockedandtherewasno___4___offorcedentry(進(jìn)入).Hadanythingbeentaken?Shewentfromroomtoroom,___5___,andfoundhercameraandsparewatchmissing.ThefollowingThursdayshewentoutather___6___time,butdidn’tgototheclub.Instead,shetookashortwalkinapark___7___andcamehome,lettingherselfinthroughthe___8___door.Shesettleddowntowaitandseewhatwouldhappen.Itwas4o’clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas___9___teaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthenextmomentshe___10___herletterboxbeingpushedopen.Pickingupthekettleofboilingwater,shemoved___11___towardstheletterbox.Apieceof___12___appearedthroughtheletterbox,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknob(原形旋鈕)onthedoorlock.MrsClarke___13___thekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.A___14___crywasheardoutsideasthewire___15___tothefloorandthehandwaspulled___16___,whichwasfollowedbythesoundof___17___feet.Itwasn’tlong___18___thepolicecaughtthethief.AndMrsClarkewasgreatly___19___attheclubforhersuccessful___20___.1.A.savingB.passingC.stealingD.finding2.A.lonelyB.aloneC.sadlyD.easily3.A.learnedB.foundC.sensedD.hoped4.A.sightB.exhibitionC.noteD.sign5.A.watchingB.searchingC.lookingD.checking6.A.lateB.dinnerC.usualD.own7.A.farawayB.clubC.nearbyD.hurriedly8.A.openB.backC.frontD.broken9.A.drinkingB.makingC.pouringD.planting10.A.sawB.watchedC.heardD.smelled11.A.quietlyB.loudlyC.fastD.angrily12.A.woodB.equipmentC.chalkD.wire13.A.discoveredB.broughtC.raisedD.supported14.A.softB.gentleC.sharpD.loud15.A.pushedB.putC.stuckD.fell16.A.upB.forwardC.backD.down17.A.walkingB.jumpingC.runningD.steady18.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.until19.A.admiredB.encouragedC.instructedD.supportedA.selfsatisfactionB.selfprotectionC.selfrespectD.selfservice120BBCDDCCBBCADCCDCCCAB解析:本文講述的是MrsClarke在發(fā)現(xiàn)家中有被盜后采取措施，靠智慧保護(hù)了自家財(cái)產(chǎn)，同時(shí)用開(kāi)水懲治小偷，并幫助警察捉到了小偷的故事。1.B。從上下文來(lái)看，此處說(shuō)的是MrsClake每到星期四下午都去女子俱樂(lè)部來(lái)消磨時(shí)光/打發(fā)時(shí)間。2.B。從語(yǔ)境可知，MrsClake是獨(dú)自一人住，當(dāng)她外出時(shí)只好鎖門(mén)。lonely意為“孤獨(dú)的，孤單的”，alone意為“獨(dú)自一人的”。3.C。從后面的幾個(gè)問(wèn)句來(lái)看，她對(duì)是否出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有把握，故這只是她回到家時(shí)的一種“感覺(jué)”，覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)“反?！?，但不能說(shuō)是learn(得知)，find(發(fā)現(xiàn))，更不能是hope(希望)。sense在此為動(dòng)詞，意為“覺(jué)察到，感覺(jué)到”。4.D。從Thebackdoorandthewindowswerealllocked及下文來(lái)看，此處應(yīng)用sign，即沒(méi)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入的跡象/痕跡(sign)。5.D。從Hadanythingbeentaken來(lái)看，她仍不知道是否丟失了東西，由此可推測(cè)此時(shí)只能是“核實(shí)”一下是否有丟失的東西，而不是注視著(watch)，搜查(search)或看(look)。6.C。由第1段第1句話(huà)知她每逢星期四下午就到女子俱樂(lè)部去，由此可推測(cè)在下星期四她又像往常一樣出門(mén)了。atherusual