工程索賠公共課

工程索賠公共課一、概念二、基本特征三、處理索賠的原則索賠的概念索賠是在工程承包合同履行過程中，根據(jù)法律、合同規(guī)定及慣例，當(dāng)事人一方由于另一方未履行合同所規(guī)定的義務(wù)而遭受損失時(shí)，向另一方當(dāng)事人提出給予賠償或補(bǔ)償要求的行為。索賠的特征（1）索賠是雙向的，不僅承包人可以向發(fā)包人索賠，發(fā)包人同樣也可以向承包人索賠（2）只有實(shí)際發(fā)生了經(jīng)濟(jì)損失或權(quán)利損害，一方才能向?qū)Ψ剿髻r。（3）索賠是一種未經(jīng)對方確認(rèn)的單方行為，其對對方尚未形成約束力，這種索賠要求能否得到最終實(shí)現(xiàn)，必須要通過確認(rèn)（如雙方協(xié)商、調(diào)解、仲裁或訴訟）后才能定奪。處理索賠的原則1此項(xiàng)索賠是否具有合同依據(jù)、索賠理由是否充分、程序是否恰當(dāng)

具體來說，與合同對照，事件已造成了承包人施工成本的額外支出或總工期延誤；造成費(fèi)用增加或工期延誤的原因，按合同約定不屬于承包人應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任；承包人按合同規(guī)定的程序提交了索賠意向通知和索賠報(bào)告，以上是索賠得以成立的先決條件。2在索賠事件初發(fā)時(shí)承包商是否采取了控制措施

按國際慣例，凡遇偶然事故發(fā)生影響工程施工時(shí)，承包商有責(zé)任采取力所能及的一切措施，防止事態(tài)擴(kuò)大，盡力挽回?fù)p失。如確有事實(shí)證明承包商在當(dāng)時(shí)未采取任何措施，業(yè)主可拒絕其補(bǔ)償損失的要求。（3）認(rèn)真核定索賠工期、款額，肯定其合理的索賠要求，反駁、修正其不合理的要求，使之更加合理、準(zhǔn)確。（4）費(fèi)用索賠以補(bǔ)償實(shí)際損失為原則，在確定賠償金額時(shí)，應(yīng)遵循下述兩個(gè)原則：所有賠償金額都應(yīng)該是施工單位為旅行合同所必須支出的費(fèi)用；按此金額賠償后，應(yīng)是施工單位恢復(fù)到未發(fā)生事件前的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。即施工單位不致因賠償事件而遭受任何損失，但也不得因賠償事件而獲得額外收益。處理索賠的原則TherearesomeitemsabouttheclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999.Welistthemonnextpages.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@BentheclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC199920.1IftheContractorconsidershimselftobeentitledtoanyextensionoftheTimeforCompletionand/oranyadditionalpayment,underanyClauseoftheseConditionsorotherwiseinconnectionwiththeContract,theContractorshallgivenoticetotheEngineer,describingtheeventorcircumstancegivingrisetotheclaim.Thenoticeshallbegivenassoonaspracticable,andnotlaterthan28daysaftertheContractorbecameaware,orshouldhavebecomeaware,oftheeventorcircumstance.copyright@Ben1.3Approvals,certificates,consentsanddeterminationsshallnotbeunreasonablywithheldordelayed.1.8IfaPartybecomesawareofanerrorordefectofatechnicalnatureinadocumentwhichwaspreparedforuseinexecutingtheWorks,thePartyshallpromptlygivenoticetotheotherPartyofsucherrorordefect.

theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben1.9IftheContractorsuffersdelayand/orincursCostasaresultofafailureoftheEngineertoissuethenotifieddrawingorinstructionwithinatimewhichisreasonableandisspecifiedinthenoticewithsupportingdetails.2.1IftheContractorsuffersdelayand/orincursCostasaresultofafailurebytheEmployertogiveanysuchrightorpossessionwithinsuchtime.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC19994.1TheContractorshallnototherwiseberesponsibleforthedesignorspecificationofthePermanentWorks.4.7TheContractorshallsetouttheWorksinrelationtooriginalpoints,linesandlevelsofreferencespecifiedintheContractornotifiedbytheEngineer.TheEmployershallberesponsibleforanyerrorsinthesespecifiedornotifieditemsofreference.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben5.2TheContractorshallnotbeunderanyobligationtoemployanominatedSubcontractoragainstwhomtheContractorraisesreasonableobjectionbynoticetotheEngineerassoonaspracticable,withsupportingparticulars.Anobjectionshallbedeemedreasonableifitarisesfrom(amongotherthings)anyofthefollowingmatters,unlesstheEmployeragreestoindemnifytheContractoragainstandfromtheconsequencesofthematter.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben7.3TheContractorshallgivenoticetotheEngineerwheneveranyworkisreadyandbeforeitiscoveredup,putoutofsight,orpackagedforstorageortransport.TheEngineershalltheneithercarryouttheexamination,inspection,measurementortestingwithoutunreasonabledelay,orpromptlygivenoticetotheContractorthattheEngineerdoesnotrequiretodoso.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben8.4Anydelay,impedimentorpreventioncausedbyorattributabletotheEmployer,theEmployer'sPersonnel,ortheEmployer'sothercontractorsontheSite.8.9IftheContractorsuffersdelayand/orincursCostfromcomplyingwiththeEngineer’sinstructionsunderSub-Clause8.8[SuspensionofWork]and/orfromresumingthework.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben12.4Whenevertheomissionofanyworkformspart(orall)ofaVariation,thevalueofwhichhasnotbeenagreed,theContractorwillincur(orhasincurred)costwhich,iftheworkhadnotbeenomitted,wouldhavebeendeemedtobecoveredbyasumformingpartoftheAcceptedContractAmount.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben13.3Theproposedchangescausedbythecontractorengineerofincreasedcostsandextension.13.8IfthisSub-Clauseapplies,theamountspayabletotheContractorshallbeadjustedforrisesorfallsinthecostoflabour,GoodsandotherinputstotheWorks,bytheadditionordeductionoftheamountsdeterminedbytheformulaeprescribedinthisSub-Clause.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben14.8IftheContractordoesnotreceivepaymentinaccordancewithSub-Clause14.7[Payment],theContractorshallbeentitledtoreceivefinancingchargescompoundedmonthlyontheamountunpaidduringtheperiodofdelay.17.1TheEmployershallindemnifyandholdharmlesstheContractor,theContractor'sPersonnel,andtheirrespectiveagents,againstandfromallclaims,damages,lossesandexpenses(includinglegalfeesandexpenses).theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben19.4IftheContractorispreventedfromperforminganyofhisobligationsundertheContractbyForceMajeureofwhichnoticehasbeengivenandsuffersdelayand/orincursCostbyreasonofsuchForceMajeure.19.7NotwithstandinganyotherprovisionofthisClause,ifanyeventorcircumstanceoutsidethecontroloftheParties(including,butnotlimitedto,ForceMajeure)ariseswhichmakesitimpossibleorunlawfulforeitherorbothPartiestofulfilitsortheircontractualtheclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Benobligationsorwhich,underthelawgoverningtheContract,entitlesthePartiestobereleasedfromfurtherperformanceoftheContract.hesumpayablebytheEmployertotheContractorshallbethesameaswouldhavebeenpayableunderSub-Clause19.6[OptionalTermination,PaymentandRelease]iftheContracthadbeenterminatedunderSub-Clause19.6.theclaimofcontractortoproprietorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben1.8TheEmployershallnotmakeaclaimunderthePerformanceSecurity,exceptforamountstowhichtheEmployerisentitledundertheContractintheeventof:(a) failurebytheContractortoextendthevalidityofthePerformanceSecurityasdescribedintheprecedingparagraph,inwhicheventtheEmployermayclaimthefullamountofthePerformanceSecurity,theclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben(b) failurebytheContractortopaytheEmployeranamountdue,aseitheragreedbytheContractorordeterminedunderSub-Clause2.5[Employer'sClaims]orClause20[Claims,DisputesandArbitration],within42daysafterthisagreementordetermination,(c) failurebytheContractortoremedyadefaultwithin42daysafterreceivingtheEmployer'snoticerequiringthedefaulttoberemedied,ortheclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben(d) circumstanceswhichentitletheEmployertoterminationunderSub-Clause15.2[TerminationbyEmployer],irrespectiveofwhethernoticeofterminationhasbeengiven.TheEmployershallindemnifyandholdtheContractorharmlessagainstandfromalldamages,lossesandexpenses(includinglegalfeesandexpenses)resultingfromaclaimunderthePerformanceSecuritytotheextenttowhichtheEmployerwasnotentitledtomaketheclaim.theclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben4.19TheContractorshall,exceptasstatedbelow,beresponsiblefortheprovisionofallpower,waterandotherserviceshemayrequire.4.20Theappropriatequantitiesandtheamountsdue(atsuchstatedprices)fortheuseofEmployer'sEquipmentshallbeagreedordeterminedbytheEngineerinaccordancewithSub-Clause2.5[Employer'sClaims]andSub-Clause3.5[Determinations].TheContractorshallpaytheseamountstotheEmployer.theclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben7.6IftheContractorfailstocomplywiththeinstruction,theEmployershallbeentitledtoemployandpayotherpersonstocarryoutthework.ExcepttotheextentthattheContractorwouldhavebeenentitledtopaymentforthework,theContractorshallsubjecttoSub-Clause2.5[Employer'sClaims]paytotheEmployerallcostsarisingfromthisfailure.8.7IftheContractorfailstocomplywithSub-Clause8.2[TimeforCompletion],theContractorshallsubjecttoSub-Clause2.5[Employer'sClaims]paydelaydamagestotheEmployerforthisdefaulttheclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben9.4Intheeventofsub-paragraph(c),theContractorshallproceedinaccordancewithallotherobligationsundertheContract.andtheContractPriceshallbereducedbysuchamountasshallbeappropriatetocoverthereducedvaluetotheEmployerasaresultofthisfailure.11.11Ifalltheseitemshavenotbeenremovedwithin28daysaftertheEmployerreceivesacopyofthePerformanceCertificate,theEmployermaysellorotherwisedisposeofanyremainingitems.theclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@BenTheEmployershallbeentitledtobepaidthecostsincurredinconnectionwith,orattributableto,suchsaleordisposalandrestoringtheSite.13.8IftheContractorfailstocompletetheWorkswithintheTimeforCompletion,adjustmentofpricesthereaftershallbemadeusingeither(i)eachindexorpriceapplicableonthedate49dayspriortotheexpiryoftheTimeforCompletionoftheWorks,or(ii)thecurrentindexorprice:whicheverismorefavourabletotheEmployer.theclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben17.5TheContractorshallindemnifyandholdtheEmployerharmlessagainstandfromanyotherclaimwhicharisesoutoforinrelationto(i)themanufacture,use,saleorimportofanyGoods,or(ii)anydesignforwhichtheContractorisresponsible.18.2apartoftheWorkswhichisinadefectiveconditionduetoadefectinitsdesign,materialsorworkmanship(butcovershallincludeanyotherpartswhicharelostordamagedasadirectresultofthisdefectiveconditionandnotasdescribedinsub-paragraphtheclaimofproprietortocontractorinFIDIC1999copyright@Ben建設(shè)工程施工合同承包商對業(yè)主索賠給予合同補(bǔ)償條款根據(jù)合同約定或與合同有關(guān)的其他文件，承包人認(rèn)為有權(quán)得到追加付款和（或）延長工期的，應(yīng)按以下程序向發(fā)包人提出索賠：⑴承包人在知道或應(yīng)當(dāng)知道索賠事件發(fā)生后28天內(nèi)，向監(jiān)理人遞交索賠意向通知書，并說明發(fā)生索賠事件的事由。承包人未在前述28天內(nèi)發(fā)出索賠意向通知書的，喪失要求追加付款和（或）延長工期的權(quán)利；⑵承包人應(yīng)在發(fā)出索賠意向通知書后28天內(nèi)，向監(jiān)理人正式遞交索賠報(bào)告。索賠報(bào)告應(yīng)詳細(xì)說明索賠理由以及要求追加的付款金額和（或）延長的工期，并附必要的記錄和證明材料；⑶索賠事件具有持續(xù)影響的，承包人應(yīng)按合理時(shí)間間隔繼續(xù)遞交延續(xù)索賠通知，說明持續(xù)影響的實(shí)際情況和記錄，列出累計(jì)的追加付款金額和（或）工期延長天數(shù)；⑷在索賠事件影響結(jié)束后的28天內(nèi)，承包人應(yīng)向監(jiān)理人遞交最終索賠報(bào)告，說明最終要求索賠的追加付款金額和延長的工期，并附必要的記錄和證明材料；承包人按本合同的約定接受了竣工付款證書后，應(yīng)被認(rèn)為已無權(quán)再提出在工程接收證書頒發(fā)前所發(fā)生的任何索賠。發(fā)包人違約16.1發(fā)包人嚴(yán)重違約在履行合同過程中發(fā)生下列情況，屬發(fā)包人嚴(yán)重違約:（1）未能遵守第10條【計(jì)量與支付】約定支付工程價(jià)款的；（2）根據(jù)第5條【工程材料與設(shè)備】，提供的主要建筑材料、建筑構(gòu)配件和設(shè)備不符合強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的；（3）不履行合同約定的協(xié)助義務(wù)的；（4）專用條款中約定的其他嚴(yán)重違約行為16.2發(fā)包人違約責(zé)任的承擔(dān)發(fā)包人發(fā)生第16.1款【發(fā)包人嚴(yán)重違約】違約情形，致使承包人無法施工，且在催告的合理期限內(nèi)仍未履行相應(yīng)義務(wù)，承包人可以通知發(fā)包人解除合同。合同解除后，按照第17.2款【因發(fā)包人原因?qū)е碌暮贤K止】處理。發(fā)包人在合同履行過程中有其它違約情形，承包人可向發(fā)包人發(fā)出通知，要求發(fā)包人采取有效措施糾正違約行為；發(fā)包人未能糾正違約行為的，承包人可以決定：（1）降低施工速度或暫停施工，或者（2）根據(jù)第18條【索賠】的規(guī)定，發(fā)出索賠通知書，或者（3）根據(jù)第19條【爭議的解決】，將該事項(xiàng)作為爭議進(jìn)行解決。7.7.2非承包人原因引起的施工暫停非承包人原因引起的施工暫停，監(jiān)理人發(fā)出暫停施工指示后28天內(nèi)未向承包人發(fā)出復(fù)工通知，承包人可向監(jiān)理人提交書面通知，要求監(jiān)理人在收到書面通知后14天內(nèi)，準(zhǔn)許已暫停施工但目前已經(jīng)具備復(fù)工條件的部分或全部工程繼續(xù)施工。如監(jiān)理人逾期不予批準(zhǔn)，則承包人可以通知監(jiān)理人，將工程受影響的部分視為可取消工作。如暫停施工影響到整個(gè)工程，可視為發(fā)包人嚴(yán)重違約，應(yīng)按第16.2款【發(fā)包人違約責(zé)任的承擔(dān)】的約定處理。7.3發(fā)包人導(dǎo)致的工期延誤在履行合同過程中，由于發(fā)包人原因遭受工期延誤和（或）費(fèi)用增加，承包人有權(quán)按照第18.1款【承包人索賠程序】要求：（1）發(fā)包人延長工期；（2）發(fā)包人增加費(fèi)用，并支付合理的利潤。需要修訂合同進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的，按照第7.2款【合同進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的修訂】約定辦理。

5.4材料與工程設(shè)備的保管與使用

發(fā)包人供應(yīng)的材料設(shè)備，承包人派人參加清點(diǎn)后由承包人妥善保管，發(fā)包人支付相應(yīng)保管費(fèi)用。發(fā)包人未通知承包人清點(diǎn)，承包人不負(fù)責(zé)材料設(shè)備的保管，丟失損壞由發(fā)包人負(fù)責(zé)。發(fā)包人供應(yīng)的材料設(shè)備使用前，由承包人負(fù)責(zé)檢驗(yàn)或試驗(yàn)，不合格的不得使用，檢驗(yàn)或試驗(yàn)費(fèi)用由發(fā)包人承擔(dān)。承包人采購的材料設(shè)備在使用前，承包人應(yīng)按工程師的要求進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)或試驗(yàn)，不合格的不得使用，檢驗(yàn)或試驗(yàn)費(fèi)用由承包人承擔(dān)。建設(shè)工程施工合同業(yè)主對承包商索賠給予合同補(bǔ)償條款7.5逾期竣