ECulturalfocus（分層練習）2023-2024學年高一英語（上教版2020選擇性）

Unit4:ThesensesE：Culturalfocus分層練習SectionADirections:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.China'sChang'dhasbeenoperatingflawlesslysinceitlandedonthefarsideoftheMooninJanuary2019.ItsarrivalwaslaterfollowedbytheappearanceofBeresheet,aprobebuiltbytheIsraelinonprofitorganizationSpacell.ItreachedtheMooninAprilbutcrashedduringitslanding.Spacellhassinceannouncedthatitintendstotakeanother

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.Atthesametime,theUnitedStateshaspromisedtosetuplunarlaboratoriesinthenearfuture,whileEuropeandRussiahavealso

2planstolaunchplexmissions.Suddenly,everyoneisgoingtotheMoon.Afterthe____3

excitementoverNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrin'shistoricmissioninJuly1969,publicinterestinthefutureofhumanspaceflightgradually

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SowhathassuddenlymadeEarth'sonlypermanentnaturalsatellitesopopularagain?Onereasonforthis_____5___towardsexploitingtheMoonisthathumankindhassimplyreachedastageoftechnologicalevolutionthathasenabledthisprogression,whichis

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totheothergreattrendsofexplorationthroughouthistory.DavidParkerfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgencyseesparticular

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withourconquestofAntarctica.TheEarth'ssouthernmostcontinentwasopenedupbytechnologicaladvancesmotorizedvehicles,airtransport,radioandotherdevelopmentsthatare

_8inthenewsciencesofmachinelearning,sensor（傳感器）

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totransformlunarexplorationinonecruciallyimportantway:byreducingtheneedforthecontinualpresenceofhumansinhostileenvironments.AndthesuccessofChina'sChang'e4providesanexampleofwhatcanbeachievedwithouthuman

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.Masteringaharshenvironmentthatisdistantwillrequireustoovereallsortsoftechnologicalhurdles.Thenwewillbebetter

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whenwestartlookingatMars,whichis400millionkilometersaway—amilliontimesfartherfromEarththantheISS.Formanyspaceenthusiasts,theexplorationandexploitationoftheMoonisnecessaryifwearetosendpeopletoMars."That'stherealgoalforhumanity,"saysParker.Thereis,however,anothermorepoignant

（辛酸的）reasonforreturningtotheMoon.SixApollomissionsmadeittothelunarsurface,eachcrewedbytwomen._12,onlytwelvehumanshaveeverhadfirsthandknowledgeofstandingonanotherworld,onlyfourofwhomarestillalive.

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theirage,wecouldsoonfindourselvesinatimewhentherearenohumansleftwiththefirsthandmemoryofanotherworld.I,likemillionsofotherpeople,feelthatitwouldbea

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shouldthisrealityonedayetopass.WhentheApolloastronautswereflyingtotheMoon,itseemed1ikesciencefictionetrue.Itwouldbegoodifwecouldbringbackthatsenseof

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,ifnothingelse.1.A.luckB.riskC.look2.A.revealedB.unlockedD.demonstrated3.A.increasingB.initialC.ultimateD.genuine4.A.diedoutB.wornoffC.passeddownD.leftbehind5.A.shiftB.evolutionC.passionD.preference6.A.favorableB.availableC.parableD.accountable7.A.associationB.harmonyC.agreementD.parallels8.A.importedB.mirroredC.transferredD.applied9.A.promiseB.contributeC.resolveD.intend10.A.interferenceB.destructionC.involvementD.emergence11.A.informedB.enlightenedC.armedD.converted12.A.ThusB.NeverthelessC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore13.A.DespiteB.BeyondC.RegardingD.Given14.A.tragedyB.destinyC.blowD.revelation15.A.fulfillmentB.wonderC.dutyD.identity【答案】DABBACDBACCADABSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.ELECTRICITYwasoncegeneratedwhereiswasused;nowitesfromthegrid（供電網(wǎng)）.Soitiswithputingpower,oncetheprovinceofmainframesandpersonalputers,andnowmovingintothe“cloud”–networksofdatacentresthatusetheinternettosupplyallkindsofservices,fromemailandsocialnetworkstodatastorageandanalysis.Theriseofcloudputingisrapidandcausinghugedisruption（擾亂）inthetechindustry.Theoldguardissuffering:thisweek’s$67billionmergerbetweenDellandEMC,makersofputerandstoragedevicesrespectively,wasamarriageforcedbytheriseofcloud.Disruptivenewersareblooming：ifAmazon’scloudputingunitwereastandalonepublicpany,itwouldprobablybeworthalmostasmuchasDellandEMCbined.Thegainsforcustomershavebeenequallydramatic.paredwitholderITsystems,cloudputingisoftenmuchcheaper.Itaddstremendousflexibility:firmsthatneedmoreputingcapacitynolongerhavetospendweedsaddingnewserversandinstallingsoftware.Inthecloudtheycangetholdofitinminutes.Theirapplicationscanbeupdatedcontinuallyratherthanjusteveryfewmouths.Individualuserscanreachtheiremails,filesandphotosfromanydevice,andcloudservicesalsotendtobemoresecure,sinceprovidersknowbetterthantheircustomershowtoprotecttheirputingsystemsagainsthackers（黑客）.Butcloudputingmakesoneenduringproblemworse:intheoldITworld,onceafirmoraconsumerhaddecidedonanoperatingsystemordatabase,itwasdifficultandcostlytoswitchtoanother,inthecloudthis“l(fā)ockin“isevenworse.Cloudprovidersgotogreatlengthstomakeiteasytouploaddata.Theyaccumulatehugeamountsofplexinformation,whichcannoteasilybemovedtoanalternativeprovider.Cloudfirmsalsocreateaworldofinterconnectedservices,softwareanddevices,whichisconvenientbutonlyforaslongasyoudon’tventureoutsidetheiruniverse.Beinglockedintoaproviderisrisky:firmscanstarttoturnuptheheatbyincreasingprices;andifacloudprovidergoesbankrupt,itscustomersmayhavetroublegettingtheirdataback.Theseriskshavealreadylettoadebateaboutwhetherthecloudneedsstricterregulation.SomeEuropeanpoliticianswanttoforcecloudproviderstoensurethatdatacanbemovedbetweenthem.Thatistooheavyhanded,notleastbecausefirmruleswillholdbackinnovationinwatisstillayoungindustry.Thehistoryofputingsuggeststhatmonstandardsmaywellemergenaturallyinresponsetocustomers’demandsjustasinpersonalputers,whereitisnowmucheasiertousethesamefilesondifferentsystems.（）1.Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionof“cloud”?A.Itofferstothemainframesandpersonalputers.B.Itallowslongdistanceprotectionoverone’ssystemC.ItinvolvesvariousservicesprovidedviatheInternetD.Itprovidesdatastorageandanalysiswhereitisused.（）2.WhydoestheauthormentionthemergerbetweenDellandEMC?A.It’sanexampleofwhatcloudputingdotous.B.It’sanillustrationofhowsuccessfulandpromisingcloudis.C.It’sanexplanationofwhycloudhasbeeadisruption.D.It