高中英語Unit5ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage課件新人教選修6

Unit5

ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage語法精講·思維構(gòu)建動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語【語法感知】用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填寫下面的句子并體會(huì)它們的共同特征。1.______________(work)hardallday,Iwenttobedearly.

2._______________(collect)specialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser.

3.________(look)carefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.

4._____________(study)volcanoesformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeauty.

HavingworkedHavingcollectedLookingHavingstudied【語法精講】一、動(dòng)詞-ing的基本形式分類主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式否定形式一般式doingbeingdonenotdoingnotbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendonenothavingdonenothavingbeendone1.動(dòng)詞-ing的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。*(2021·全國甲卷)Weavingamongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.我在那些踩著滑板匆匆走過的孩子們中間穿行,找到了通往橫梁的路。*Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffinspiteoftherain.聽到這個(gè)消息,盡管下著雨,他們還是立即出發(fā)了。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。*Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.打掃完房間,我們開始在花園里除草。3.動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)式表示該動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。*Havingbeenheldbackbythetrafficjam,shecouldn’tgetthereontime.她被交通堵塞耽擱了,無法準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里。4.動(dòng)詞-ing的否定式是在動(dòng)詞-ing的前邊加not。*Nothavingreceivedhisreply,Itelephonedhim.沒有收到他的答復(fù),我給他打了電話。【名師點(diǎn)津】動(dòng)詞-ing一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(beingdone)表示動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行,在句中一般作定語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,較少作狀語。

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Not________(know)hisaddress,Ican’twritetohim.(2)Not___________________(repair)foralongtime,themachinegaveoutastrangenoise.

(3)_________________(bite)byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.

knowinghavingbeenrepairedHavingbeenbitten二、動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語的基本用法1.表示時(shí)間。動(dòng)詞-ing作時(shí)間狀語,其作用相當(dāng)于when,while,after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。*Hearingtheirteacher’svoice(=Whentheyheardtheirteacher’svoice),thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.一聽到老師的聲音,學(xué)生們立即停止了講話。*Havingfinishedhishomework(=Afterhefinishedhishomework),theboywasallowedtowatchTV.完成作業(yè)以后,男孩被允許看電視。2.表示原因。動(dòng)詞-ing作原因狀語,其作用相當(dāng)于because,as,since等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。*Beingill(=Becausehewasill),hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.因?yàn)樯?所以他昨天沒去上學(xué)。*Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears(=SinceIhadlivedinthecityformanyyears),Iknewitwell.因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)城市住了多年,所以我對(duì)它很了解。3.表示條件。動(dòng)詞-ing作條件狀語,其作用相當(dāng)于if,unless,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。*Notmakinggooduseofthetime(=Ifyoudon’tmakegooduseofthetime),you’llregret.如果不好好利用時(shí)間,你會(huì)后悔的。*Workinghard(=Ifyouworkhard),youwillpasstheexam.你如果努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)通過考試。4.表示讓步。動(dòng)詞-ing作讓步狀語,其作用相當(dāng)于although,though,nomatterwhen/where/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。*Havingbeenmarriedforfiftyyears(=Thoughtheyhavebeenmarriedforfiftyyears),theystillloveeachotherpassionately.雖然他們結(jié)婚五十年了,他們?nèi)匀簧钌畹貝壑鴮?duì)方。5.表示伴隨或方式。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作伴隨或方式狀語,說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它表示分詞的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。作伴隨或方式的動(dòng)詞-ing短語相當(dāng)于and連接的并列成分。*(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.使用表情符號(hào)可以增加幽默和情感,使意圖表達(dá)明確。*Theywalkedhome,singinganddancing(=andtheysanganddanced).

他們唱著,跳著走回了家。*Shecameintotheroom,carryingalotofbooks(=andshecarriedalotofbooks).她抱著許多書走進(jìn)了房間。6.表示結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語,表示一種自然的結(jié)果,常常位于句末,其作用相當(dāng)于and連接的并列成分。*Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago,leavinghimagreatdealofmoney.他的父親三年前死了,留給他許多錢?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語通常表示一種自然的結(jié)果,即屬于意料之中的事;不定式作結(jié)果狀語主要表示沒有預(yù)料到的情況或結(jié)果,即屬于意料之外的事,不定式一般與only,never等副詞連用。*Hehurriedtothebusstation,onlytofindthatthebushadgone.他匆忙地趕往車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已經(jīng)走了。【即學(xué)活用】(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①ThoughIhadmadeupmymindtostudy,Istillwantedtoplay.→______________________________,Istillwantedtoplay.

②WhenIheardtheresult,Icouldn’thelpjumping.→________________,Icouldn’thelpjumping.

③PeoplefromallovertheworldcametoQingDao,whichmadeitverycrowded.→PeoplefromallovertheworldcametoQingDao,_____________________.

HavingmadeupmymindtostudyHearingtheresultmakingitverycrowdedPrepared→HavingpreparedGo→Going或you前加andtoleave→leavingsay→saying三、動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語的注意點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí),在其前可以加上when,while,until,once,though,although,unless,evenif/eventhough等,表示更加明確的含義。有時(shí)這類結(jié)構(gòu)也可視作狀語從句的省略。*Becarefulwhen/whilecrossingthestreet.

過街道時(shí)要小心。*Althoughworkinghard,hefailedagainthistime.他雖然努力學(xué)習(xí),但這次又失敗了。*IflisteningtoEnglisheveryday,you’lllearnitwellstepbystep.如果你每天聽英語,你會(huì)一步一步把它學(xué)好。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致。*Hearinghisfather’svoice,theboyturnedofftheTVsetatonce.聽到他爸爸的聲音,男孩立即關(guān)了電視。(Hearing的邏輯主語是theboy)*Havingdrivenallday,wewereverytired.開了一整天的車,我們很累。(havingdriven的邏輯主語是we.)【名師點(diǎn)津】但是有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ing前可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示它邏輯上的主語,這種帶邏輯主語的現(xiàn)在分詞稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它同動(dòng)詞-ing一樣,在句中作狀語。*Themeetingbeingover,wewenttoplayfootball.會(huì)議一結(jié)束,我們就去踢足球了。*Shebeingill,hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了,她的媽媽不得不在家照顧她。3.有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨(dú)立存在,其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等,被稱為評(píng)論性狀語。常見的這類獨(dú)立成分有:generallyspeaking 一般說來franklyspeaking 坦率地說judgingfrom/by 根據(jù)……來判斷considering.../taking...intoconsideration考慮到accordingto...根據(jù)……【即學(xué)活用】判斷正誤。(1)我看著晚報(bào)的時(shí)候,一只狗開始叫起來。a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking. ()b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking. ()(2)聽到這個(gè)消息,她的眼淚忍不住流下來。a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface. ()b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly. ()×√×√(3)(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)____________theresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep.根據(jù)研究,跑步者每跑一步著地的重量是自己體重的四倍。

(4)______________________________________________,Ifounditchallengingtocollectinformation.

為英語演講比賽做準(zhǔn)備時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)收集信息具有挑戰(zhàn)性。AccordingtoWhile/WhenpreparingfortheEnglishspeechcontestⅠ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Whenyouarewalkingthedog,youcannotbetoocareful.→_______________,youcannotbetoocareful.

2.Followmyadvice,andyouwillbebenefitedfromit.→__________________,youwillbebenefitedfromit.

3.Becausehehassufferedfromhearttroubleforyears,hehastotakemedicineallthetime.→_______________________________________,hehastotakemedicineallthetime.

學(xué)情診斷·課堂測(cè)評(píng)WalkingthedogFollowingmyadviceHavingsufferedfromhearttroubleforyears4.AlthoughIhavefailedmanytimes,Iamstillfullofconfidence.→______________________,Iamstillfullofconfidence.

5.Heoversleptyesterday,whichresultedinhisbeinglateforwork.→Heoversleptyesterday,______________________________.

HavingfailedmanytimesresultinginhisbeinglateforworkⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Notknowingwhattodo,soIaskedmyteacherforadvice. ()2.Generalspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen. ()3.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.

()4.Appointingastheheadmaster,hefeltveryhappy.

()5.Whenheardthefunnyjoke,weburstoutlaughing. ()6.Weatherpermits,wecanhaveapicnicintheopenair. ()7.Workhard,youwillbepromotedquickly. ()去掉soGeneral→Generallyhave→havingAppointing→Appointedheard→hea