浙江省寧波三鋒教研聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題 （解析版）

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期寧波三鋒教研聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高二年級英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷共8頁滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whocoloredthetreesinthepicture?A.Shelly.B.Louis.C.John.2.Whenwillthespeakersleavefortheconcert?A.At5:30p.m.B.At5:40p.m.C.At5:50p.m.3.WhydoesHelenwanttoaskforleave?A.Sheneedstocareforarelative.B.Shefelldownthestairs.C.Sheplanstovisitherparents.4.Howdoesthemansound?A.Unhappy.B.Confused.C.Cheerful.5.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Marriedlife.B.Futureplans.C.Dreamschools.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完更多課件教案視頻等優(yōu)質(zhì)滋源請家威杏MXSJ663后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whathappenedtotheboy?A.Hegotlost.B.Hewaspushedover.C.Hewasblamedbyhisparents.7.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheboy?A.Ringuphisfather.B.Lookforhisdog.C.Drivehimhome.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第9兩個(gè)小題。8.Wherearemostprobablythespeakers?A.AtToby’splace.B.Inahospital.C.Inacompany.9.WhosuggestedthenameArthur?A.Thewoman’ssister.B.Tommy.C.Thewoman.聽下面一段對話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10.Howdidthewomanknowaboutthesalespromotion?A.FromtheTV.B.Fromafriend.C.Fromthenewspaper.11.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Cleanhisnewhouse.B.Buyafloorlamp.C.Contacthiscolleague.聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teammates.C.Familymembers.14.WhatdoesthewomanoftendoonSundayafternoons?A.Playvideogames.B.Dosomesports.C.Watchmovies.15.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantobuy?A.Anewphone.B.Abaseballbat.C.Analarmclock.16.Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Howtoincreaselearningefficiency.B.Howtoimprovesleepquality.C.Howtomanagescreentime.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.WhydidMiriam’sunclegivehersomemoney?A.Topayforherschooltuition.B.Tocelebrateherbirthday.C.Torewardherforherkindness.18.WhatdoweknowaboutthedocumentaryHowIBecameanElephant?A.ItinspiredMiriamandhermothertovisitAfrica.B.IttellstheabuseofelephantsinThailand.C.Itisaboutaboy’scampaigntosaveelephants.19.HowdidMiriamcollectmoneytosaveelephants?A.Byteachingpeopletomakeclayelephants.B.Bydrawingpicturesaboutelephants.C.Bymakingandsellingbakedgoods.20.WhatdoesKateSantorineosdo?A.She’sateacher.B.She’sananimaldoctor.C.She’sanartist.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAsoneoftheworld’smostancientcivilizations,Chinaofferswonderfulopportunitiestoexplorewonderfulrelicsfromitsrichpast.HereisourpickofthebestplacestovisitinChina.ATigerLeapingGorge—BestlandscapetohikeOneofChina’smostfamoushikingplaces,this22kmtrailwindsthroughaWorldHeritage-listedgorgeinYunnanthatisoneofAsia’smoststrikinglandscapes.Framedbyspectacularsnow-cappedmountainsandthescenicJinshajiangRiver,itisindepthsof3900m,makingitoneofthedeepestgorgesintheworld.B.Zhangjiajie—BestdramaticlandscapesRisingdramaticallyfromthesubtropicalforestsofnorthwestHunan,thepeakrockformationsofZhangjiajieinspiredthesceneryinthefilmAvatar(2009).Takeitallinasyouwalkoveraglass-bottomsuspensionbridgefloating300maboveground.Andifthat’snotdaringenough,youcanbungeejumpoffittoo!C.Shanghai—Elegant,historicandcosmopolitan—everythingyou’veheardaboutShanghaiistrue.JusttakeawalkthroughtheFrenchConcessionoralongtheBundandyou’llseeforyourself.Fromthegranddisplayof1920sarchitectureandthecity’ssophisticatedrestaurants,ShanghaiispastandfutureChinabroughttolife.D.MogaoGrottoes,Dunhuang—BestBuddhistartSittingalongtheancientSilkRoad,Dunhuangishometooneoftheworld’smostimportantcollectionsofBuddhistart.Amongmorethan490Buddhistcavesinthearea,themural(壁畫)andstatue-filledMogaoGrottoesrepresentperhapsthetopofBuddhistartistryinChina.1.WhatdoTigerLeapingGorgeandZhangjiajiehaveincommon?A.Theyareshotforfilms. B.Theyhavehikingtrails.C.Theyhavesplendidmountains. D.Theyhaveextremesports.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbefilledintheline?A.Bestcityforpastandfuture. B.Bestdramaticlandscapes.C.BesticonicsightinChina. D.Bestcountrysidescenery.3.WhatisspecialaboutMogaoGrottoes?A.IthastherarestcollectionofBuddhism. B.Itisareligiousplacetovisit.C.Ithasover490muralsandcaves. D.Itownssophisticatedrestaurants.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國四個(gè)最佳旅游景點(diǎn)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A.TigerLeapingGorge—Bestlandscapetohike(虎跳峽——徒步旅行的最佳景觀)中“Framedbyspectacularsnow-cappedmountainsandthescenicJinshajiangRiver,itisindepthsof3900m,makingitoneofthedeepestgorgesintheworld.(它被壯觀的雪山和風(fēng)景秀麗的金沙江所環(huán)繞，深達(dá)3900米，是世界上最深的峽谷之一。)”和B.Zhangjiajie—Bestdramaticlandscapes(張家界——最具戲劇性的風(fēng)景)中“RisingdramaticallyfromthesubtropicalforestsofnorthwestHunan,thepeakrockformationsofZhangjiajieinspiredthesceneryinthefilmAvatar(2009).Takeitallinasyouwalkoveraglass-bottomsuspensionbridgefloating300maboveground.Andifthat’snotdaringenough,youcanbungeejumpoffittoo!(張家界高聳于湖南西北部的亞熱帶森林之中，是電影《阿凡達(dá)》(2009)的靈感來源。當(dāng)你走在離地面300米的玻璃吊橋上時(shí)，你會領(lǐng)略到這一切。如果這還不夠大膽，你還可以蹦極！)”可知，它們都有壯麗的山脈。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)C.Shanghai—中“Elegant,historicandcosmopolitan—everythingyou’veheardaboutShanghaiistrue.JusttakeawalkthroughtheFrenchConcessionoralongtheBundandyou’llseeforyourself.Fromthegranddisplayof1920sarchitectureandthecity’ssophisticatedrestaurants,ShanghaiispastandfutureChinabroughttolife.(優(yōu)雅、歷史悠久、國際化——你所聽到的關(guān)于上海的一切都是真的。只要穿過法租界或沿著外灘走一走，你就會自己看到。從20世紀(jì)20年代建筑的宏偉展示和城市精致的餐廳，上海是過去和未來中國的生活。)”可知，本段談到了上海是過去和未來的中國生活。A“過去和未來的最佳城市”符合本段主題，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)D.MogaoGrottoes,Dunhuang—BestBuddhistart(敦煌莫高窟——最好的佛教藝術(shù))中“SittingalongtheancientSilkRoad,Dunhuangishometooneoftheworld’smostimportantcollectionsofBuddhistart.Amongmorethan490Buddhistcavesinthearea,themural(壁畫)andstatue-filledMogaoGrottoesrepresentperhapsthetopofBuddhistartistryinChina.(敦煌坐落在古絲綢之路上，是世界上最重要的佛教藝術(shù)收藏品之一。在該地區(qū)490多個(gè)佛教洞穴中，充滿壁畫和雕像的莫高窟可能代表了中國佛教藝術(shù)的頂峰。)”可知，莫高窟這是一個(gè)值得參觀的宗教場所。故選B項(xiàng)。BInlate2020,DetroitresidentOleitapostedavideoonFacebookthatexplainedhowtomakesleepingbagsfromusedpotatochipsandothersnackbags.Shecouldhelpthecity’shomelesspeoplefindwarmthduringcoldwinterswhilealsogivingasecondlifetochipbags,whicharen’teasilyrecyclableandusuallyendupinthetrash.AlmostimmediatelyafterOleitapostedthatfirstcallforbags,peopletooknotice.Localbusinessesofferedtoserveascollectionpoints,andvolunteersraisedtheirhandstogetinvolved.“We’reallhumanswhosharethisplanettogether,andit’smydutytomakesurethepersonnexttomehasaccesstobasicnecessities,”saysOleita.“Wehaveamajorclimateissuehappening,andthepeoplewhoaremostinfluencedarethosewhoareeconomicallypoor.”FormostoftheChipBagProject’sexistence,Oleitamadesleepingbagsallbyherself.Now,shehassomehelp.Thegroupoperateswithacoreteamof10volunteerswhodoeverythingfrommakinganddeliveringthebagstosourcingfinancialsponsorsanddoingcommunityoutreach.Theroadtosuccesshasitsupsanddowns.Forawhile,theChipBagProjectoperatedoutofasmallspacedonatedbyalocalbusiness,andtheteamrecentlyhadtoleave.Yetthey’renotgivingup.Instead,theteamdoeseverything—includingproduction,back-endbusinesstasksandequipmentandsupplystorage.Oleitahasservedasacommunityorganizerforthepastdecade,andshehasexperiencedhomelessnessherself.Sheknewthatthisprojectneededtodomorethanjusthandoutsleepingbags.“Thisisn’tjustatrashissue;it’salsoaclimateissue.Andit’snotjustaclimateissue,butahumanissuetoo.I’malwaysthinkingoftheworldasinterconnected—energyisneithercreatednordestroyed,onlytransferred.”4.WhatmadeOleitawanttohelphomelesspeople?A.Coldwinter. B.Pollutedenvironment.C.Personalexperience. D.Socialresponsibility.5.Whatcanweknowabouttheproject?A.Itconsistsoftenpeople. B.Itisfacinglowefficiency.C.Itmanagedtorunwell. D.Itisjustaboutahumanissue.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesOleita?A.Modest. B.Kind-hearted. C.Ambitious. D.Self-motivated.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Atouchingstory. B.Turningtrashintotreasure.C.Anaccidentalpost. D.Helpingpeopleinneed.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Oleita變廢為寶，利用用過的舊零食袋制作睡袋，幫助無家可歸的人在寒冷的冬天找到溫暖的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Oleita所說“We’reallhumanswhosharethisplanettogether,andit’smydutytomakesurethepersonnexttomehasaccesstobasicnecessities.(我們都是共同生活在這個(gè)星球上的人類，我有責(zé)任確保我身邊的人能夠獲得基本的必需品。)”可知，是社會責(zé)任讓Oleita想要幫助無家可歸的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AlmostimmediatelyafterOleitapostedthatfirstcallforbags,peopletooknotice.Localbusinessesofferedtoserveascollectionpoints,andvolunteersraisedtheirhandstogetinvolved.(在Oleita發(fā)布了第一個(gè)征集包的帖子后，人們幾乎立即注意到了。當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)主動(dòng)提出充當(dāng)收集點(diǎn)，志愿者也舉手表示愿意參與其中。)”以及第四段中“Instead,theteamdoeseverything—includingproduction,back-endbusinesstasksandequipmentandsupplystorage.(相反，團(tuán)隊(duì)包攬一切——包括生產(chǎn)、后端業(yè)務(wù)任務(wù)、設(shè)備和供應(yīng)存儲。)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行得很好。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題題。根據(jù)第一段中“Shecouldhelpthecity’shomelesspeoplefindwarmthduringcoldwinterswhilealsogivingasecondlifetochipbags,whicharen’teasilyrecyclableandusuallyendupinthetrash.(她可以幫助這個(gè)城市無家可歸的人在寒冷的冬天找到溫暖，同時(shí)也給薯片袋第二次生命，這些薯片袋不容易回收，通常會被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶。)”可知，Oleita是個(gè)善良的人，熱心幫助窮人并且積極保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Inlate2020,DetroitresidentOleitapostedavideoonFacebookthatexplainedhowtomakesleepingbagsfromusedpotatochipsandothersnackbags.Shecouldhelpthecity’shomelesspeoplefindwarmthduringcoldwinterswhilealsogivingasecondlifetochipbags,whicharen’teasilyrecyclableandusuallyendupinthetrash.(2020年底，底特律居民Oleita在臉書上發(fā)布了一段視頻，解釋了如何用用過的薯片和其他零食袋制作睡袋。她可以幫助這個(gè)城市無家可歸的人在寒冷的冬天找到溫暖，同時(shí)也給薯片袋第二次生命，這些薯片袋不容易回收，通常會被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶。)”可知，本文主要講述了Oleita變廢為寶，利用用過的舊零食袋制作睡袋，幫助無家可歸的人在寒冷的冬天找到溫暖的故事。故選B項(xiàng)。CAstheuseofAIchatbotsincreases,peoplearefindinginnovativewaystousethistechnology.AndwhilethereareconcernsabouthowAIshouldbeused,thereareseveralsitesshowingthatachatbotcanprovideauniqueandenrichingexperience.TheHelloHistoryappandCharacter.AIwebsitebothprovidethistypeofexperience,byallowinguserstoengageinconversationwithhistoricalfigures.HelloHistory,whichwascreatedbytheSwedishcompanyFacingIt,hasaneasyinterfacethatincludesthechancetochatwitheveryonefromSirIsaacNewtontoElvisPresley.WhetheraskingMarilynMonroeaboutherroadtosuccessorgettingFridaKahlo’sviewpointonAIart,theconversationsareafunwaytoengagewithhistory.CharacterAIisawebsitewhereyou’llfindanevenwiderrangeofbotstoconversewith.Thereare,ofcourse,allthestandardhistoricalfigureslikeAlbertEinstein,Napoleon,andSocrates.ButlivingfiguresrangingfromElonMusktoBillieEilisharealsoavailable.YoucanevenchatwithpopularcartooncharactersoryourfavoriteTVpersonality.CreatedbytwoformerGoogleresearchers,Character.AIistryingtobuildanew—morehonest—chatbot.And,asacommunity-basedsite,peopleareabletocreatetheirownchatbotcharacters,eachofwhichislinkedbacktotheirprofile.Thisiscertainlyjustthebeginningofhowchatbotswillstartbeingusedinmoreinteresting,innovativeways.Thesedevelopmentsseemlikepositivestepsforwardatatimewhenschoolsarestrugglingwithhowtoincorporatethetechnologyintotheirclassroomssothatstudentscanconversewiththefigurestheyarelearningabout.8.What’sParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Newwaystotalkwithhistoricalfigures. B.Abigworryaboutusingtechnology.C.ArecentstudyofvariousAIchatbots. D.BenefitsfromtheuseofAIchatbots.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHelloHistoryandCharacter.AI?A.HelloHistoryiscreatedinSweden.B.HelloHistoryletsusknowhowstarswenttofame.C.YoucanonlytalkwithlivingfiguresonCharacter.AI.D.GoogleresearchersaretryinganewwaytocreateCharacter.AI.10.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.MorefunwaystouseAIchatbots. B.Thedilemmafacedbyschools.C.Commentsfromsomestudents. D.Studiesofmorechatbots.11.Inwhichcolumnofnewspapercanthistextprobablybefound?A.Fashion B.Business C.Education D.Technology【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了HelloHistory應(yīng)用程序允許用戶與歷史人物進(jìn)行對話，以及CharacterAI可以找到更廣泛的機(jī)器人交談?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AstheuseofAIchatbotsincreases,peoplearefindinginnovativewaystousethistechnology.AndwhilethereareconcernsabouthowAlshouldbeused,thereareseveralsitesshowingthatachatbotcanprovideauniqueandenrichingexperience.TheHelloHistoryappandCharacter.Alwebsitebothprovidethistypeofexperience,byallowinguserstoengageinconversationwithhistoricalfigures.(隨著人工智能聊天機(jī)器人使用的增加，人們正在尋找創(chuàng)新的方式來使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。雖然有人擔(dān)心人工智能應(yīng)該如何使用，但有幾個(gè)網(wǎng)站表明，聊天機(jī)器人可以提供獨(dú)特而豐富的體驗(yàn)。HelloHistory應(yīng)用程序和字符。所有網(wǎng)站都提供這種體驗(yàn)，允許用戶與歷史人物進(jìn)行對話)”可知，第一段的主要內(nèi)容是與歷史人物交談的新方法。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhetheraskingMarilynMonroeaboutherroadtosuccessorgettingFridaKahlo’sviewpointonAlart,theconversationsareafunwaytoengagewithhistory.(無論是詢問瑪麗蓮·夢露的成功之路，還是了解弗里達(dá)·卡羅對人工智能藝術(shù)的看法，這些對話都是了解歷史的一種有趣方式)”可知，HelloHistory讓我們知道明星是如何成名的。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesedevelopmentsseemlikepositivestepsforwardatatimewhenschoolsarestrugglingwithhowtoincorporatethetechnologyintotheirclassroomssothatstudentscanconversewiththefigurestheyarelearningabout.(這些發(fā)展似乎是積極的進(jìn)步，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校正在努力將技術(shù)納入他們的課堂，以便學(xué)生可以與他們正在學(xué)習(xí)的數(shù)字交談)”可推知，作者可能會繼續(xù)談?wù)撘恍W(xué)生的評論。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AstheuseofAIchatbotsincreases,peoplearefindinginnovativewaystousethistechnology.AndwhilethereareconcernsabouthowAlshouldbeused,thereareseveralsitesshowingthatachatbotcanprovideauniqueandenrichingexperience.TheHelloHistoryappandCharacter.Alwebsitebothprovidethistypeofexperience,byallowinguserstoengageinconversationwithhistoricalfigures.(隨著人工智能聊天機(jī)器人使用的增加，人們正在尋找創(chuàng)新的方式來使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。雖然有人擔(dān)心人工智能應(yīng)該如何使用，但有幾個(gè)網(wǎng)站表明，聊天機(jī)器人可以提供獨(dú)特而豐富的體驗(yàn)。HelloHistory應(yīng)用程序和字符。所有網(wǎng)站都提供這種體驗(yàn)，允許用戶與歷史人物進(jìn)行對話)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了HelloHistory應(yīng)用程序允許用戶與歷史人物進(jìn)行對話，以及CharacterAI可以找到更廣泛的機(jī)器人交談?？赏浦?，文章選自報(bào)紙的“科技”專欄。故選D。DAfteralongdayatwork,itfeelssomuchbettertojustleavethedirtydishesinthesink—right?Don’tjustcallitlaziness:Afteralongperiodofthinkinghard,wetendtomakedecisionsforrelaxingintheshorttermbutareworseoverall,whichappearstobeabiologicaltooltofightagainstcognitivefatigue(疲乏),accordingtoanewstudypublishedThursdayinthejournalCurrentBiology.“Influentialtheoriessuggestedthatfatigue,afeelingofbeingextremelytired,isasortofillusioncookedupbythebraintomakeusstopwhateverwearedoingandturntoamoresatisfyingactivity,”saidstudyauthorMathiasPessiglione,InsermresearchdirectorattheBrainandSpineInstituteinParis.“Ourfindingsshowthatcognitiveworkresultsinatruefunctionalchange,sofatiguewouldindeedbeasignalthatmakesusstopworking,butforadifferentpurpose:toprotectthestateofbrainfunctioning.”Inthestudy,40peopleweregiveneitheraneasyorahardtaskthatinvolvedtellinglettersonascreenformorethansixhours.Eachparticipantwasthenofferedchoicesofeitheranimmediatelysatisfyingsmallerrewardthatrequiredlesscognitive(認(rèn)知的)controloronethatwashighervalueinthelongertermbutinvolvedmorecognitivecontrol.Participantswhohadtothinkharderforthesix-hourtaskweremorelikelytotakethesmallerreward.Theresearchersfoundthatthehardertheparticipantsthought,thehighertheirlevelsofglutamate(谷氨酸鹽).Afterpeoplespendlongtimethinkinghard,theglutamateaccumulation(積累)triggersaresponseinthebrain,makingitmoredifficulttousetheprefrontalcortex,theareainthebrainthatallowsustocontrolourthoughts,sothatwemakechoicesthataremoreimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)thanstrategic.Ifyouareabouttomakeanimportantdecision,it’simportanttomakesureyouaren’ttootired,saidstudyauthorAntoniusWiehler,acognitiveneuroscientistandpostdoctoralresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Butbadnewsis:Itmayalsobedifficultforpeopletoaccuratelyevaluatehowfatiguedtheyactuallyare.12.What’stheroleoffatigueinParagraph2?A.Itpreventsusfromcheeringup. B.Itisabiologicalcontroller.C.Itallowsbrainstofunctionproperly. D.Itmakesusstopworking.13.What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtheexperimentinParagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Topresentafact. D.Toclarifyaconcept.14.Whatdoes“triggers”underlinedinParagraph4probablymean?A.Activate. B.Drive. C.Improve. D.Promote.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Fatigueresultsindamagingeffectsandkeepsuslazier.B.Ourbodyhelpsusfindabetterwaytodealwithfatigue.C.Wemaymakeworsechoicesafteradayofhardthinking.D.It’seasiertomakestrategicdecisionsafterthinkingforalongtime.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長時(shí)間思考后，人們更傾向于做短期放松的決定，這是一種生物學(xué)工具來對抗認(rèn)知疲勞。研究表明，認(rèn)知工作會導(dǎo)致大腦功能發(fā)生真正的變化，疲勞確實(shí)是一個(gè)信號，讓我們停止工作，但目的是保護(hù)大腦功能狀態(tài)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長時(shí)間思考后，大腦中谷氨酸的積累會觸發(fā)一種反應(yīng)，使得我們更難使用前額葉皮質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致我們做出更沖動(dòng)而非戰(zhàn)略性的選擇。因此，重要決策前要確保自己沒有太疲勞，但人們也可能難以準(zhǔn)確評估自己的疲勞程度?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Ourfindingsshowthatcognitiveworkresultsinatruefunctionalchange,sofatiguewouldindeedbeasignalthatmakesusstopworking,butforadifferentpurpose:toprotectthestateofbrainfunctioning.”(我們的研究結(jié)果表明，認(rèn)知工作會導(dǎo)致真正的功能變化，因此疲勞確實(shí)是讓我們停止工作的信號，但目的不同:保護(hù)大腦功能狀態(tài)。)”可知，疲勞能使大腦發(fā)揮正常功能。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inthestudy,40peopleweregiveneitheraneasyorahardtaskthatinvolvedtellinglettersonascreenformorethansixhours.Eachparticipantwasthenofferedchoicesofeitheranimmediatelysatisfyingsmallerrewardthatrequiredlesscognitive(認(rèn)知的)controloronethatwashighervalueinthelongertermbutinvolvedmorecognitivecontrol.Participantswhohadtothinkharderforthesix-hourtaskweremorelikelytotakethesmallerreward.Theresearchersfoundthatthehardertheparticipantsthought,thehighertheirlevelsofglutamate(谷氨酸鹽).(在這項(xiàng)研究中，40人被賦予了一項(xiàng)簡單或艱巨的任務(wù)，包括在屏幕上講六個(gè)多小時(shí)的字母。然后，每個(gè)參與者都可以選擇一個(gè)立即令人滿意的、需要較少認(rèn)知的較小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，控制或長期價(jià)值較高但涉及更多認(rèn)知控制的控制。在六小時(shí)的任務(wù)中必須更加努力思考的參與者更有可能獲得較小的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與者思考得越艱難，他們的谷氨酸水平就越高.)”可知，作者在第三段提到這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是陳述事實(shí)。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Afterpeoplespendlongtimethinkinghard,theglutamateaccumulation(積累)(人經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的努力思考，谷氨酸積累起來)”以及“makingitmoredifficulttousetheprefrontalcortex,theareainthebrainthatallowsustocontrolourthoughts,sothatwemakechoicesthataremoreimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)thanstrategic.(前額葉皮層是大腦中控制我們思想的區(qū)域，因此我們做出的選擇更容易沖動(dòng)，而不是戰(zhàn)略性的)”可知，谷氨酸的積累觸發(fā)對大腦的響應(yīng)，trigger意為“激發(fā)，刺激”。A項(xiàng)：Activate激活。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifyouareabouttomakeanimportantdecision,it’simportanttomakesureyouaren’ttootired,saidstudyauthorAntoniusWiehler,acognitiveneuroscientistandpostdoctoralresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Butbadnewsis:Itmayalsobedifficultforpeopletoaccuratelyevaluatehowfatiguedtheyactuallyare.(該研究的作者、巴黎大腦研究所的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家和博士后研究員AntoniusWiehler說，如果你即將做出一個(gè)重要的決定，確保你不會太累是很重要的。但壞消息是：人們可能也很難準(zhǔn)確評估自己的疲勞程度。)”可知，本文主要說明重要決策前要確保自己沒有太疲勞。C選項(xiàng)：Wemaymakeworsechoicesafteradayofhardthinking.(經(jīng)過一天的苦思冥想，我們可能會做出更糟糕的選擇)符合題意。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gettingacutoracolorinasaloncanbeatransformativeexperience.Whenyoulikewhatyourhairstylistdoes,itcanmakeyoufeelrefreshedandevenbuildyourconfidence.____16____.Don’tleavethesalonintears.Theseexperttipswillhelpyou.●BehonestbutkindMoregentlelanguagemayhelpyouexpressyourself.____17____.They’lllikelytoasksomeclarifyingquestionsthatwillhelpyouexpressyourtruefeelings.Chancesarethestylistdidn’twantyoutohateyourhair,focusontalkingaboutwhatyoudon’tlikeaboutthecutorcolor.●____18____Ihateit.Thisisnotmystyleatall.Whowouldeverwanttheirhairtolooklikethis?!Whilethosemaybethethoughtsrunningthroughyourmind,theyaren’thelpful.Instead,trytobeasspecificasyoucan.Forexample,“Thetoneisalittleashyforme,”or“____19____.”Thiswillhelpthestylistunderstandhowtheymissedthemark.●MakesuggestionsifyoucanAftergettingspecificaboutwhatitisyoudon’tlike,trymakingsuggestionsonwhatcouldimproveit.____20____,butmakingafewsuggestionscangetaconversationgoingandhelpyouandyourstylistworktogethertofigureoutapathforward.A.GetspecificB.SpeakoutdirectlyC.ButsometimesabadhaircuthappensD.It’stooshorttostyleitthewayIimaginedE.NooneexpectsyoutohavethefullanswerF.ThinkaboutthereasonbehindyourbadhaircutG.Tellyourstylistyouareunsurehowyoufeelaboutthecut【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了怎樣和理發(fā)師溝通以便做出自己滿意的發(fā)型?！?6題詳解】上文“Gettingacutoracolorinasaloncanbeatransformativeexperience.Whenyoulikewhatyourhairstylistdoes,itcanmakeyoufeelrefreshedandevenbuildyourconfidence.(在美容院剪頭發(fā)或染發(fā)是一種改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)歷。當(dāng)你喜歡你的發(fā)型師所理的發(fā)時(shí)，它會讓你感到神清氣爽，甚至建立你的信心。)”說明發(fā)型是很重要的，理發(fā)師理得好，自己神清氣爽，更加自信，選項(xiàng)C“但有時(shí)發(fā)型不好也會發(fā)生”承接上文，轉(zhuǎn)折語義，發(fā)型不好的事情也會發(fā)生，引出下文，介紹文章主題。故選C項(xiàng)。17題詳解】下文“They’lllikelytoasksomeclarifyingquestionsthatwillhelpyouexpressyourtruefeelings.(他們可能會問一些澄清性的問題，幫助你表達(dá)自己的真實(shí)感受。)”說明理發(fā)師會澄清一些問題，幫助你表達(dá)自己的感受，選項(xiàng)G“告訴你的發(fā)型師你不確定你對這個(gè)發(fā)型的感覺”引領(lǐng)下文，建議首先告訴理發(fā)師你對這個(gè)發(fā)型的疑慮，和下文是因果關(guān)系，所以理發(fā)師才會幫助你表達(dá)自己的真實(shí)感受。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Instead,trytobeasspecificasyoucan.(相反，試著盡可能具體。)”等內(nèi)容說明對自己的發(fā)型要求要盡可能的具體，選項(xiàng)A“具體一點(diǎn)”概括本段主題。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】上文“Instead,trytobeasspecificasyoucan.(相反，試著盡可能具體。)”以及“Forexample,‘Thetoneisalittleashyforme,’(例如，‘這個(gè)色調(diào)對我來說有點(diǎn)灰黃’)”說明對自己的發(fā)型要求要盡可能的具體，并進(jìn)行具體舉例，選項(xiàng)D“它太短了，不能做成我想象中的樣子”是對發(fā)型具體要求的另一個(gè)舉例。故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】上文“Aftergettingspecificaboutwhatitisyoudon’tlike,trymakingsuggestionsonwhatcouldimproveit.(在明確你不喜歡的是什么之后，試著提出可以改善它的建議。)”建議提出改善建議，選項(xiàng)E“沒有人期望你得到完整的答案”承接上文，說明提出的建議不一定完整，引出下文“butmakingafewsuggestionscangetaconversationgoingandhelpyouandyourstylistworktogethertofigureoutapathforward(但是提出一些建議可以讓對話進(jìn)行下去，幫助你和你的造型師一起找出前進(jìn)的道路)”轉(zhuǎn)折語義，說明雖然建議不一定完整，但是可以幫助繼續(xù)溝通并做得更好。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)InlateOctober,MikeCootslosthisrightlegtoatigersharkwhilesurfinginKauai.Whilehewaswaitingforawaveshortlyafterdawn,alargesharkcamerightupunderMikeand____21____histeethintoMike’slowerleg.There’dbeenno____22____,nonoise,nosplashing(水花),andMikefeltnopain,onlyhugepressureonhislowerbody.Ashetriedtohelphimselfbefree,theshark____23____harder,shakingitsheadbackandforthand____24____Mikearoundlikeatoy.Mikefollowedhis____25____:Hehitthesharkintheface,againandagainuntiltheshark____26____him.AsMikeswambackintoshore,herealizedhislower____27____legwasgone.Mike’sfriends____28____tohisaidimmediately,oneofwhommadeatourniquet(止血帶).ThedoctorslatertoldMikethat’sprobablywhatkepthimaliveduringthedrivetothehospital.Forthenextfewweeks,Mikespenttimewithhisfamilyandconsideredthefuture.____29____MikewasgiventheOKbyhisdoctors,hedidwhatmanyofusmightconsider_____30_____:hestartedridingthewavesagain.ButMikewasunshaken._____31_____,hewascurious—whywasheattacked?His_____32_____ledhimtoresearchsharks.Hisuniquesituationasasharksurvivorempoweredhimtogivesharksa_____33_____.Hebeganworkingwiththegovernmenttohelppassabanonsharkproducts.Mikealsodiscoveredhowmuchhelikedphotography,andithasbecomehis_____34_____.Asaphotographer,helikesusinghisphotostospreadthemessageaboutwhysharks_____35_____.21.A.bit B.shook C.sank D.made22.A.movements B.ideas C.signs D.responses23.A.spedup B.bitdown C.tookin D.putoff24.A.passing B.throwing C.seeing D.hitting25.A.belief B.memory C.plan D.heart26.A.relieved B.released C.left D.removed27.A.right B.hurt C.lame D.crushed28.A.rushed B.walked C.escaped D.called29.A.Ifonly B.Eventhough C.Themoment D.Justas30.A.unreliable B.irresponsible C.indifferent D.unexpected31A.Thus B.Inaddition C.Instead D.What’smore32.A.courage B.curiosity C.kindness D.bravery33.A.hope B.voice C.test D.future34.A.job B.duty C.pride D.ability35.A.change B.survive C.grow D.matter【答案】21.C22.C23.B24.B25.D26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.C32.B33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了MikeCoots在沖浪時(shí)被虎鯊?qiáng)Z去了右腿，康復(fù)之后，又開始沖浪，并且對鯊魚進(jìn)行研究，并呼吁保護(hù)鯊魚的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：黎明后不久，當(dāng)他在等一個(gè)浪頭時(shí)，一條大鯊魚正好游到邁克的身下，用牙齒叼住了Mike的小腿。A.bit咬；B.shook搖晃；C.sank下沉；D.made制造。根據(jù)后文“Ashetriedtohelphimselfbefree,theshark____3____harder,shakingitsheadbackandforthand____4____Mikearoundlikeatoy.”可知，鯊魚用牙叼住