中考英語語法基礎(chǔ)之句子成分分析

語法基礎(chǔ)之句子成分分析知識清單一、句子成分以及符號Membersofasentence名稱：主語(subject)、謂語(verb)、賓語(object)、定語(attributive)、狀語(adverb)、補語(complement)符號：主語=謂語賓語～～定語（）狀語[]補語<>注：表語可理解為主語補足語。①句子的基本成分是：主語、謂語、賓語。補充成分是：定語、狀語、補語。②主語部分和謂語部分之間可用‖劃開。Helikes‖playingbasketball.【練一練】嘗試用‖符號劃分下列句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1.Thehospitalreceivespatientsfromallovertheworld.2.Sinceyouarefreetoday,youcanhelpmewithmyEnglish.二、句子劃分方式1.單句的劃分方法：用“‖”劃分主語和謂語。用“～”標(biāo)出賓語。用“（）”標(biāo)出定語。用“[]”標(biāo)出狀語。用“<>”標(biāo)出補語。eg.Iwillbe‖asblindasabat[withoutmyglasses].如果要求進(jìn)一步分析用作一個句子成分的主謂短語時，可以在主語下面劃“=”，謂語下面劃“─”。2.復(fù)合句的劃分方法：“‖”劃在句前，表示非主謂句，其結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的名稱，可以在‖上注明。三、英語五種基本句型ＳＶ（主＋謂）謂語動詞能獨立表達(dá)完整意思ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）四、句子成分主語:___________________________________1)[]The________(student)alllovetheirEnglishteacher.2)[]________(watch)TVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.3)[]Mostof________(他)comefromthecountryside.4)[]___isveryhard______________(understand)theoldman.5)[]________thereislifeontheMarsisstillunknown. 謂語：可作此成分的詞性只有_____________。1)[]Weshould_________(幫助)eachother.2)[]Hey！Wecan’t(live)_________thisbuildingand_________(stay)heretoolong.3)[]He_________(be)ateacher!It_________(聽起來)likeajoke. 賓語：1)[]Ilike______________(中國菜)verymuch.2)[]Hecertainlydidnotwanttojoin_______(我們).3)[]Weexpected_______youwouldstayafewmoredays.4)[]Ienjoyed_______(talk)toyou.5)[]Theydecided_______(take)thesechairsoutoftheroom.6)[]Howmanydogsdoyouhave?Ihave_______(5).表語：（位置）______________________________1)[]Theyare_________(外國人).2)[]Thaticecreamtastes_________(good).3)[]Thatdesksare_________(they).4)[]Myluckynumberis_________(3).5)[]Ourplanis_________(plant)trees.6)[]Myfavoritesportis_________(swim).7)[]ThereasonwhyIamlateis_________mymotherisill.定語：1)[]Therearetwo________(老)menoverthere.(更老的)_______oneisTom.2)[]Theman________istalkingwithourteacherisheadmaster.3)[]Whatisthebox________(桌子上)？4)[]Couldyoubringmesomething________(drink)please？狀語：1)[]______________(不幸的是)，Ilostallmyluggage.2)[]___________________________(如果我努力工作)，I willliveabetterlifeinthefuture.3)[]_________(hear)thenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.4)[]TheywenttoShanghai_________(have)ameeting.5)[]Pleaseparkthecar_________(前面)thebuilding.【練一練】畫出以下句子中的狀語1.Hedrivestoofast.2.Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.3.Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.4.PandasonlyliveinChina.5.Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.6.Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.7.Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheothers.8.Wedidn’tgototheparkbecauseofthebadweather.9.Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.賓語補足語：1)[]Hismotheralwaysaskshim_____________(help)herwithhousework.2)[]Isawhim___________(clean)thewindowyesterday.3)[]Iwillhavemycar__________(wash)tomorrow.4)[]Weshouldalwayskeepourrooms____________(干凈的).5)[]Don’tleavethelights________(開著)whenyougoout.實操練習(xí)1指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.實操練習(xí)2指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分以及標(biāo)出對應(yīng)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.實操練習(xí)3用符號劃分下列句子的成分。1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.2.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.3.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.4.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.5.Themanwholivesdownstairsistryingtosleep.6.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.7.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.8.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.9.HeboughtanewHuaWeiphonethatIalsowanttobuywithhisbestfriendthatIdidn’tmetbeforeinashoppingmallbuiltaweekago.10.Thesalesmannewlyrecruitedwouldgotothestreetsneartheircompanytowa