小范圍閱讀蜜蜂帶來效應(yīng)

1，共4英文標(biāo)題：中文翻蜜蜂和生態(tài)效1請(qǐng)1，共4英文標(biāo)題：中文翻蜜蜂和生態(tài)效1請(qǐng)盡可能的多補(bǔ)充原文中的英文的專有名詞，人名和地名，機(jī)構(gòu)名原文分段大意1-5)ListOFofbeeandhuntwasp）of蜜蜂的商業(yè)價(jià)值，他的密能帶來糧食值多少錢，好幾個(gè)millionExample--C--- D蜜蜂的population 人類做比較，需要找到一個(gè)balancedpoint andinfluencesonbees蜜蜂和人類之間關(guān)系和研究，Thebest-knownbeespeciesistheEuropeanhoneybee,which,asitsnamesuggests,produceshoney,asdoafewothertypesofbee.Humanmanagementofthisspeciesisknownasbeekeepingapiculture（養(yǎng)蜂業(yè)Fmorevalueto 蜜蜂的研究需要furtherstudyG沒有出考tropical(IELTStestpapersofferedby,6-12）Summary：請(qǐng)補(bǔ)充題干原文英文關(guān)鍵詞+填空答順序不是100%清楚,遺漏兩個(gè)空填空的答案有 Beesareadaptedforfeedingonnectarandpollen,theformerprimarilyasanenergysourceandthelatterprimarilyfor andother .Mostpollenisusedasfoodforlarvae.另外一個(gè)塡的有兩個(gè)塡空在第三段，定位在中后部Huntingwasps（馬蜂）usedtofeedon ,ratherthanthe(原文開頭說wasp現(xiàn)在開始吃素了,通過這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)讓他們的后代也吃素什么的,相比之下,作為他們的sourceofprotein,usedtobeasinsectsasalternative).交叉授粉；BalanceagainstWhilethevastmajorityofwaspsplaynoroleinpollination,afewspeciescaneffectivelytransportpollenandthereforecontributeforthepollinationofseveralplantspecies(交叉授粉),beingpotentialorevenefficientpollinatorsinafewcasessuchasfigspollinatedbyfigwasps13besttitleforthisA(IELTStestpapersofferedby, Csocialbehavioroftheprocessecologicalimportanceofgeographicaldistributionofforaging(采集pollinationhuman(turnCommercialflowingEcologicalimportanceofEcologicalimportanceofflowingPlantandflowerBeeshavebeenaroundanincrediblylongtime;theoldestknownbeefossilis100millionyearsold,beesevolvedstepbysteplongwithfloweringplantsinthemiddleoftheCretaceousperiod.Beforebeesandfloweringplantsevolved,allplantsreproducedbymeansofaprocesscallednemophilyorwindpollination,wherebypolleniscarriedbythewindtofertiliseseeds,ratherliketoday'sconifersandmanyotherplantscontinuetodo.Duringtheprocessofevolutionplantsbegantoproduceflowerswithmaleandfemalestructurescalledanthersandstigmasrespectively.Pollen,whichcontainsthereproductivecells,needstobephysicallytransportedfromtheanthersoftheflowerstothestigmasbyinsectsandotheranimals.Onesuchanimalvitalintheprocessofpollinationisthebee.蜜蜂已經(jīng)存在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,1億年的歷史在白堊紀(jì)的時(shí)期，蜜蜂與開花植物（floweringplants）同步進(jìn)化。蜜蜂和開花植物進(jìn)化之前,所有的nemophily或風(fēng)授粉,即花粉種子由風(fēng)受精,就像今為花藥和柱頭。花粉,其中包含的生殖細(xì)胞花藥需要昆蟲和其他動(dòng)物運(yùn)輸?shù)交ǖ腂utbeesdomorethanjustmakehoney.Theyflyaroundpollinatingallsortsoffruitandvegetables,whichenduponourplates.Theirroleinthefoodchainissoimportantthatin2007TheNationalAuditOfficecollatedresearchworkingoutthevalueofhoneybeestotheUKeconomy.Thevalueofthebees'serviceswereestimated￡200mayear.Theretailvalueofwhattheypollinatewasvaluedcloserto￡1bn.在食物鏈中的作用非常重要2007年,價(jià)值￡10億。DietsshiftinTheearliestanimal-pollinatedflowerswerepollinatedbyinsectsasbeetles,sothesyndromeofinsectpollinationwaswellestablishedbeforebeesfirstappeared.Thenoveltyisthatbeesarespecializedaspollinationagents,withbehavioralandphysicalmodificationsthatspecificallyenhance2，共4pollination,andaregenerallymoreefficientatthetaskthananyotherpollinatinginsectsuchasbeetles,flies,butterfliesandpollenwasps.Beesareadaptedforfeedingonnectarandpollen,theformerprimarilyasanenergysourceandthelatterprimarilyforproteinandothernutrients.Mostpollenisusedasfoodforlarvae.Theappearanceofsuchfloralspecialistspollination,andaregenerallymoreefficientatthetaskthananyotherpollinatinginsectsuchasbeetles,flies,butterfliesandpollenwasps.Beesareadaptedforfeedingonnectarandpollen,theformerprimarilyasanenergysourceandthelatterprimarilyforproteinandothernutrients.Mostpollenisusedasfoodforlarvae.Theappearanceofsuchfloralspecialistsisbelievedtohavedriventheadaptiveradiationoftheangiosperms,and,inturn,thebees花授粉pollination最早的是由于是昆蟲媒傳粉的如,,,前者主要為能量energy來源,后和其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)物。大多數(shù)花粉用作幼蟲的食物出現(xiàn)的這樣的花卉授粉專家被認(rèn)為是被子植物的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化adaptiveradiation驅(qū)動(dòng)，反過來,蜜蜂本身也是相應(yīng)進(jìn)化。Bees,likeants,areaspecializedformofwasp.TheancestorsofbeeswerewaspsinthefamilyCrabronidae,andthereforepredatorsofotherinsects.Theswitchfrominsectpreytopollenmayhaveresultedfromtheconsumptionofpreyinsectswhichwereflowervisitorsandwerepartiallycoveredwithpollenwhentheywerefedtothelarvae. thevespoidwasps,wherethegroupknownas"pollenwasps"alsoevolvedfrompredatoryancestors.Whilethevastmajorityofwaspsplaynoroleinpollination,aforpollinationofseveralplantspecies(pollinationcross),beingpotentialorevenefficientpollinatorsinafewcasessuchasfigspollinatedbyfigwasps蜜蜂像螞蟻一樣,是黃蜂的特殊形式。蜜蜂是黃蜂在家庭的祖先,因此是其他昆的天敵。蜜蜂從曾經(jīng)捕食昆切換到花粉：可能是捕食部分覆蓋著花昆蟲喂給黃蜂幼蟲而導(dǎo)致。這種進(jìn)化的情況也發(fā)生在黃Huntingwasps,在稱為“花粉黃蜂”的種族也從掠奪性的祖先進(jìn)化而來的。雖然絕大多數(shù)的黃蜂不再扮演授粉任何角色,一些物種還是可以有效地運(yùn)輸花粉授粉的,在少數(shù)情況下，因造成一些植物物種間的)式,如無花果無花果黃蜂授PopulationturnFrom1972to2006,therewasadramaticreductionintheofferalhoneybeesintheUS,whicharenowalmostabsent.In2008itwasreportedthatnearlyoneinthreeoftheUK's240,000honeybeehivesdidnotsurvivethewinterof2007andspring2008.Atthesametimetherewasasignificantthoughsomewhatgradualdeclineinthenumberofcolonies3，共4pollinationnectarand要為蛋白maintainedbybeekeepers.Thisdeclineincludesthecumulativelossesfromallfactors,suchasurbanization,systematicpesticideuse,trachealandVarroamaintainedbybeekeepers.Thisdeclineincludesthecumulativelossesfromallfactors,suchasurbanization,systematicpesticideuse,trachealandVarroamites,andcommercialbeekeepers'retiringandgoingoutofbusiness.However,inlate2006andearly2007therateofattritionreachednewproportions,andthetermcolonycollapsedisorderwascoinedtodescribethesuddendisappearances.,年報(bào)道24000020072008年P(guān)ollinatordeclinebyhumanbeings人類的威Apartfromcolonycollapsedisorder,manyofthelossesoutsidetheUShave asClothianidin,Imidaclopridandsuspects.Otherspeciesofbeessuchasmasonbeesareincreasinglyculturedandusedtomeettheagriculturalpollinationneed.Nativepollinatorsincludebumblebeesandsolitarybees,whichoftensurviveinrefugesinwildareasawayfromagriculturalspraying,butmaystillbepoisonedinmassivesprayprogramsformosquitoes,gypsymoths,orotherinsectpests.Althoughpesticideuseremainsaconcern,them