【初高中銜接】專題01 構詞法與詞義猜測

2022年初升高英語無憂銜接（通用版）專題01構詞法與詞義猜測pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成詞(有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞):轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性):派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構成另外一個詞):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse英語構詞法主要有三種：

有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。

class班級+room房間=classroom教室warm+heart+ed=warmhearted熱心腸的good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的合成詞CompoundGuessthemeaningpain-killersleep-walkcolor-blindhard+working=hard-working勤勞的peace-loving熱愛和平的state-owned國有的well-known有名氣的sightseeing觀光bloodthirsty嗜殺成性的，殘忍的合成名詞

(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空調(diào)血壓所得稅信用卡中央銀行快餐

(3)v-ing+另一詞

washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief洗衣機駕駛執(zhí)照副產(chǎn)品主編solarsystemremotecontrol太陽系遙控stepmothershorthandhotfootshe-wolfbrother-in-lawnoble-mindedfar-reachingheartfeltduty-freeout-and–outj.繼母，后媽e速記d匆忙地h.母狼a.妹/姐夫b.高尚的c.影響深遠的f.由衷的g.免稅的i.徹頭徹尾的Readandmatch2.

合成形容詞

(1)過去分詞或帶ed詞尾的詞構成。

absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)動詞的ing或另一詞構成

long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的頭發(fā)灰白的長期受苦的深遠的(影響)3.合成動詞及合成副詞

overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一無所獲的3.afine-lookinggentlemaninmilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecorner.4.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutofoddsandends.詞義猜測1laughinghelpstoproducemoreantibody-producingcells.2WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeKate?AInnocentandsingle-minded.任務型閱讀：1it’snosecretthatnowadaysamajorityofparentsareoverworked,overcommittedandoverscheduled.抗體生成

好看的過度勞累過于投入的日程過滿專心致志自由職業(yè)的，個體經(jīng)營的加前綴：

happy---___happy

加后綴：

develop---develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：

employ---____employ_______派生詞（derivation）

是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構成一個新詞。unmentunment前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。mis-錯誤的+understandv.理解

---misunderstandv.誤解en+largeadj.大的---enlargev.擴大派生法（Derivation）---詞綴法1.前綴:pre-（前）pre-reading,preview,prepayre-(重新)rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）incorrect,impossiblemis–（錯誤或失當）super-（超級）mini-（微?。﹎isunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibusforetell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，預先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在……下，在……中）(A)表示否定的前綴：

un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,inhuman,indirect(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m開頭的詞前)il-illegalir-irreal,irregular(B).表示錯誤或失當?shù)那熬Y:mis-misjudge,misdirect(誤導)(C).表示向背的前綴:pro-(親，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-（阻止，抗）

antiwar,anti-Japanesewar(D).表示程度、大小的前綴super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,mini-carunder-underground,under-developsemi-(半，部分)semicircle,semiskilled,semi-steel(E).表示時間的前綴

pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，預先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast(F).表示方位的前綴：

sub-subway,submarineinter-international,intercity,interclasstrans-(橫過，通過，超越，進入)translate,transatlanticirregularillegalaside

internationaltelescopeautodialantibodymulticulturalrewrite

不規(guī)則的不合法的到一邊去國際的望遠鏡自動撥號抗體多文化的重寫Readandsay

in/im/ir/il/mis/un/disa-en-inter-re-tele-autoco-anti-multi-j.構成反義詞

。。。的、到。。去使h.互相a.再，又，重b.遠程的c.自動f.共同g.反對，抵抗i.多Readandmatch后綴1).名詞后綴：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion后綴一般只引起詞性上的變化而不造成意思的變化。carev.照料

---carefuladj.細心的workv.工作

---workern.工人-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntary2）.形容詞后綴：3）.副詞性的詞綴：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards詞性變化1.動詞變名詞：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-eetrainee,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor2.形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism3.名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful4.名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpenacceptable

national

tearful

infectious

useless

Scientific

childish

collective

Cautiousdeadly

可接受的國家的，民族的含淚的，催人淚下的傳染的無用的科學的孩子氣的集體的小心的致死的conclusion

lioness

painter

construction

investigation

physician

materialism

movement

enquiryneighborhood

結(jié)論母獅畫家，油漆匠建設，建筑物調(diào)查醫(yī)生，內(nèi)科醫(yī)師唯物主義移動；運動詢問鄰近地區(qū)ablealfullessic/icalishiveous-y-enj.可。。。的，能。。。的e屬于。。的，有。。。性質(zhì)的d充滿。。。的h.沒有。。。的a.與。。。有關的b.如。。。的c.傾向。。。的f.有。。。特性的g.狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)i.由。。制作的-ist-er/or/ess-ful-ment-an-tion/sion-th-ism-ship-hoodj.人（。。。家）e人或動物（ess表示陰性）d一。。。的量、充滿h.運動，結(jié)果a.國家（人）的b.狀態(tài)，行為c.結(jié)果，過程f.。。。主義g.情況，狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，身份，職業(yè)i.資格，年紀，身份1Heknewhowthedarknessanddullnessofwinteralwaysgotmedown.2myfathermovingaroundmysteriously3Iinventedasuccessfulvariationofbaseball.4Ihadtolearnmylimitations.5thatonlyinvitedthebitternessoffailure.不清楚神秘地變化形式，不同版本限制悲慘

猜測詞義1.Iam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;2settingunrealisticgoalsforourselves.前綴，后綴同時使用不完美

猜測詞義不現(xiàn)實的轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.recordn.記錄v.記錄{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.watern.水------watervt.澆水常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式兩種：動詞---名詞名詞---動詞是指有一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。

動詞----名詞

stopvt.

停止---n.車站lovevt.

愛---n.

愛Watchvt.

觀看---n.

手表recordvt.

錄音---n.

紀錄combvt.

梳理(頭發(fā))---n.

梳子abusevt.

辱罵---n.

辱罵

名詞----動詞

handn.

手---vt.

上交seatn.

座位---vt.

坐nursen.

護士---vt.

護理oiln.

油---vt.

上油timen.

時間---vt.

定時，測時shouldern.

肩膀---vt.

肩負minen.

礦山---vt.

開礦barbecuen.

燒烤---vt.在烤架上烤shipn.

船---vt.

用船裝運financen.

金融---vt.

為……提供資金stainn.

污點,污跡---vt.

玷污，污染draftn.

草稿---vt.

起草headn.

頭---v.

前進transportn.

運輸---vt.

運輸副詞---動詞

downadv.向下---v.放下副詞---名詞nowhereadv.任何地方都不---n.無處，無名的地方形容詞---名詞

freezingadj.冰凍的---n.冰點

solidadj.固體的,堅實的---n.固體數(shù)詞---動詞

secondnum.第二---v.贊成

---n.秒shouldern肩膀vt.承擔airn空氣vt.給…通風betteradj較好的vt.改善；使更好forwardadv向前v.轉(zhuǎn)寄;

發(fā)送must必須n.必須做的事if如果n.不確定的情況but但是n.反對的理由

1.Womenshouldertheburdenofchildcare.2Mymotherairedthesheetswell3Thousandsofworkersjoinededucationalassociationsinanattempttobetterthemselves.4Theywillforwardyouthenewgoodsnextweek.5AdictionaryisamustforEnglishlearning.6Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.

1Lookingback,IcanseethatthoseterribleeventsshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.2Theywillteachyou____thelittlethingsinlife.AvalueBbenefitCmeasureDconsiderv.塑造mattern麻煩，問題matter=beimportant/count重要猜測詞義

shapen形狀valuen價值3.Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyouhavebutwhoyouare.4Thecompanyisanindependentcollectivemakingfilmsfortelevision.collectiveadj集體的v.重視；珍視Let’ssum構詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）

【前綴/后綴】轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）

【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】{前綴改變單詞的意義，不改變詞性。后綴不改變單詞意義，而改變詞性。correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反義獨立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuildingcorrectn.反義獨立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育

表達O獨立的rootadj殘疾的n不可能的OnSSn誤解root大學生rootn地下的地下通道地鐵副標題總是misunderstand1.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

構詞法精練Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.5.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation11.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege___