遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市大東區(qū)2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》統(tǒng)考試題含解析

遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市大東區(qū)2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》統(tǒng)考試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Awaveofrecentresearchhaspointedtotherisksofoverpraisingachild.Anditseemsthathowtodrawalinebetweentoolittlepraiseandtoomuchhasbecomeahigh-pressure__actforparents.Self-esteem(自尊)servesasakindoftooltomeasurehowmuchchildrenfeelvaluedandacceptedby1Thissensitivitytoothers'2developsbecauseofhumans'needforsocialacceptance,whichisconsideredtobe3tosurvival.Asearlyasage8,children'sself-esteemtendstoriseandfallinresponsetofeedbacksabout4peersseethemaslikableorattractive.5,itcanalsobebeneficialforkidstofeelbadaboutthemselvesoccasionally,iftheybehaveinselfish,meanorhurtfulwaysthatmight6theirabilitytomaintainrelationshipsorholdajobinthefuture.Inthepast,manyparentsandeducatorsbelievedthathighself-esteem7happinessandsuccess,andkidscouldgainself-esteemsimplybygetting8andawardsfromtheirparents,teachersandpeoplearound.Butrecentlyresearchershavefoundself-esteemdoesn't9thesedesiredresults.Instead,ifparentspraisetheirkids10,theirself-esteembecomesfocusedonbeingverysmartandbeingthebestandbeingperfect.Buildingtoomuchself-esteemofthechildrencannotgoasplanned,makingthemfeel11lateronwhentheyhitsetbacks(挫折).Accordingtosomeexperts,itcanactuallybegoodforkidstohave12self-esteem,atleastonceinawhile.Andpraisecanbe13ifitdisregardstheworldoutsidethehome.Childrenwhohavea14understandingofhowtheyareseenbyotherstendtogetrecoveredmorereadily15disappointment,depressionorthelike.Thebestpathisa16road,helpingchildrendevelopapositivebut17viewofthemselvesinrelationtoothersbypraisingthemforthe18theyinvestandbehaviorstheyareabletosustain,like"It's19thatyou'reworkingsohardonyourhomework."1、A．balancing B．crashing C．forcing D．embarrassing2、A．themselves B．parents C．others D．teachers3、A．views B．envies C．favors D．blames4、A．irrelevant B．similar C．important D．sensitive5、A．when B．whether C．how D．where6、A．Indeed B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However7、A．improve B．damage C．change D．develop8、A．promised B．delayed C．purchased D．ruined9、A．support B．help C．challenge D．praise10、A．settledown B．workout C．giveaway D．bringabout11、A．rarely B．carefully C．constantly D．casually12、A．worse B．stronger C．better D．madder13、A．high B．much C．low D．little14、A．powerful B．harmful C．grateful D．stressful15、A．practical B．limited C．basic D．perfect16、A．with B．to C．a(chǎn)bout D．from17、A．straight B．smooth C．middle D．rough18、A．general B．realistic C．different D．negative19、A．talent B．time C．money D．effort20、A．necessary B．a(chǎn)wesome C．worthless D．a(chǎn)wfulSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1DavidCameronisurgingtoday’syoungesterstoabandonFrenchtoconcentrateonthetongueofthefuture—Mandarin(普通話)。Cameronsaid:“IwantBritainlinkeduptotheworld’sfast-growingeconomies.Andthatincludesouryoungpeoplelearningthelanguagestosealtomorrow’sbusinessdeals.”“Bythetimethechildrenborntodayleaveschool,Chinaistobetheworld’slargesteconomy.Soit’stimetolookbeyondthetraditionalfocusonFrenchandGermanandgetmanymorechildrenlearningMandarin.”Tostrengthenhismessage,hequotedNelsonMandela—theformerpresidentofSouthAfricawhosaid“Ifyoutalktoamaninalanguageheunderstandsthatgoestohishead;ifyoutalktohiminhisownlanguagethatgoestohisheart.”CameronsaidthatapartnershipbetweentheBritishCouncil(英國(guó)文化協(xié)會(huì))andHanbanwilldoublethenumberofChineselanguageassistantsintheUKby2016andprovideincreasedfundingtoschoolsofofferingMandarinasalanguagechoice.InadevelopmentoftheUK—ChinaSchoolPartnershipprogramme,fundingwillalsobeprovidedfor60headteacherstomakestudyvisitstoChinain2014.InrecentresearchtheBritishCouncilfoundonly1%oftheadultpopulationspeaksMandarintoalevelthatallowsthemtoconductabasicconversation.Just3,000pupilsinEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandenteredforChineselanguagesGCSEsin2013,puttingitfarbehindthetraditionalchoicesofFrenchwith177,000,Spanishwith91,000andGermanwith62,000entrants(加入者),aswellasUrdu,PolishandArabic.ProfessorDameHelenWallace,theBritishAcademy’sforeignsecretary,said,“alackofqualifiedteacherscouldbeabarriertoimproveitspopularity.”LauraChan,oneoftheco—foundersofabilingualMandarin—Englishprimaryschool,saidtheprimeminister’sannouncementwasgoodnewsforthestatusofMandarin.Shesaid,“It’sagreathelp.Itwillincreasepeople’sawarenessofMandarinasalanguagetheycanlearn.”1、Whatisthetextmainlytalkingabout?A．DavidCameroncallsforBritishstudentstolearnMandarin.B．DavidCameronhasvisitedChinaforthreedays.C．ChineselanguageisverypopularwithBritishpeople.D．ThecooperationisimportantbetweentheUKandChina.2、WhydoesDavidCameronurgestudentstolearnChinese?A．BecauseChinesewillbeawidely—usedlanguageintheworld.B．BecausetherearemanyChinesepeoplelivinginBritain.C．BecausehethinksChinawillbecomethelargesteconomy.D．BecauseonlyafewofBritishpeoplecancommunicateinChinese.3、Whatisthewriter’sattitudetothepopularityofMandarin?A．It’swonderfulbutitalsohassomeproblems.B．Itcanbeagreatwasteoftimeandenergy.C．It’sonlyadesignfortheyoungsterslater.D．It’sonlyawaytohelpstudentstotravelabroad.4、WhatisthepurposeofDavidCameronbyquotingMandela’swordsinParagraph3?A．Tocomparedifferentideas.B．Toshowhisrichknowledge.C．ToshareMandela’sopinion.D．TopersuadepeopletolearnMandarin.Text2Oneevening,authorNeil’ssonwasangry.Neilhadsaidoneofthosethingsthatparentssay,like“isn’tittimeyouwereinbed.”Hissonlookedupathim,angryandsaid,“IwishIdidn’thaveadad!IwishIhad…agoldfish!”ThatconversationgavebirthtoNeil’sbook,“TheDayISwappedMyDadforTwoGoldfish”.Thebookisafunnyadventureofasonsearchingforthedadheswapped.Whethertheyrealizeitornot,fathersplayanimportantroleintheirchildren’sdevelopment.RolandWarren,DirectoroftheNationalFatherhoodInitiative,saysthat,“Theshapeoftheirdadshasaroleinthekids’soul.”Iagree.Weliveinthebestoftimesandtheworstoftimesforfatherhood.Weliveinthebestoftimesbecausefatherswhoareengagedintheirchild’slifespendmoretimethanfathersofanypreviousgeneration.WeliveintheworstoftimesbecausetherearestillmillionsofchildrenwhocontinuetomisstheregularpresenceofDad.Whatdifferencedoesadadmake?Aretheyreallythatimportant?Forthemostpart,studieshaveprovedclearlythatfathers,whethertheylivewiththeirchildrenornot,matterinthelivesoftheirchildren.Whenfathersarepresent,theyprovideeconomicsupportfortheirchildrenandcaregivingresponsibilities.Well-fatheredchildrenareshowntobemoreemotionallyintelligentandsociallysuccessfulasadults.Whenfathersareabsent,theirabsencemaynegativelyinfluencechildren’sacademicachievement,generalbehaviouraladjustmentandangermanagement,especiallyinmales.Yetjustbeingphysicallypresentisn’tenoughtobeagreatfather.Itisimportantthatadadbewarmandemotionallyavailabletohischild.Authorandresearcher,JohnGottman,describesthiskindoffatherasan“emotioncoachingfather”.Emotioncoachesareparentswholistentotheirchildren’sfeelings,seethesharingoffeelingsasanopportunityforintimacy（親密）.Itisnotjustthemerepresenceoffathersthatmatters,buthowtheyarepresent.Mostchildrenlongforandneedaloving,devotedandresponsiblefather.1、Theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.A．presentingtheresultsofstudiesB．tellingastoryC．makingacomparisonD．interviewingsomeexperts2、WhatdoestheauthormeaninParagraph2bysaying“Weliveintheworstoftimes…”?A．Today’sfathersdon’tcareabouttheirchildren’semotions.B．Lotsofchildren’sfathershavetoworkeveryday.C．Lotsofchildren’sfathersareabsentfromtheirlives.D．Today’sfathersdon’thavecaregivingresponsibilities.3、Accordingtothetext,awell-fatheredchildismorelikelyto_______.A．losecontrolofangerB．obtainhighacademicachievementC．havelowemotionalintelligenceD．havegoodsocialskills4、Wecanlearnfromthetextthatan“emotioncoachingfather”isafatherwho______.A．giveseconomicsupporttohischildB．shareshischild’semotionsC．triestochangehischild’semotionsD．isalwaysavailabletohischildText3Foraslongaswe’veknownaboutit,humanshavesearchedforacureforcancer.Acrosstheworld,countlessamountsoftimeandmoneyhavebeenspentonresearchingawaytostopthisterribledisease.Butnow,itseemsliketheanswercouldhavebeeninsideourownbodiesthewholetime.Recently,theFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)intheUS,agovernmentagencythat’sresponsibleforhealthcare,approvedanewformofgenetherapy(療法)thatcouldmeantheendofacertaintypeofcancer.Thetherapyallowsscientiststo“train”theimmune(有免疫力的)cellsofsickpatientstofightleukemia(白血病)—aformofbloodcancerthatmostlyaffectsyoungpeople.Theexcitingnewtreatmentworksbyremovinghealthyimmunecellsfromthepatient,knownasT-cells,whicharethenchangedtobeableto“huntdown”cancercells.Thecellsarethenputbackintothepatientbeforetheybegintogetridofthepatient’sleukemiaovertime,similartohowthebodyfightsoffotherillnesses.“Thisistrulyanexcitingnewdayforcancerpatients,”LouisJ.DeGennaro,presidentoftheLeukemiaandLymphomaSociety,saidinanewsrelease.Upuntilnow,alongandpainfulmarrowtransplant(骨髓移植)wastheonlyoptionformanyleukemiapatients.Inthisprocedure,healthybloodcellsaretakenfromadonatorandplacedintothesickpatient,whoalsohastogothroughchemotherapy(化療)toallowtheirbodytoadjusttothenewcells.Butwitharecoveryrateofaround3%—accordingtoanewsreleasepublishedbytheFDA—it’shopedthatthedaysofpainfultripstothehospital,orevendeath,areoverforleukemiasufferers.“We’reenteringanewfrontierinmedicalinnovation(創(chuàng)新)withtheabilitytoreprogramapatient’sowncellstoattackadeadlycancer,”FDArepresentativeScottGottliebsaidintherelease.“Newtechnologiessuchasgeneandcelltherapiesholdthepotentialtotransformmedicineandourabilitytotreatandevencuremanyincurableillnesses.”1、Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tocomparedifferentwaysofcuringleukemia.B．Toreportonabreakthroughincancertreatment.C．Toexplorethepotentialofgeneandcelltherapies.D．Toshowscientists’effortsinsearchofacureforcancer.2、Howdoesthenewtreatmenttofightleukemiawork?A．ByusingchangedT-cellstodestroycancercells.B．Byreplacingsickbloodcellswithhealthyones.C．Byremovingsickbloodcellsduringmarrowtransplant.D．Byusingchemotherapytoimprovethepatient’simmunesystem.3、Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewtherapyforleukemiasufferers?A．Itcansavethemmanymoretripstothehospital.B．Itcanimprovetheirabilitytofightoffallkindsofcancer.C．Itcangivethemabetterchanceofsurvivalandrecovery.D．Itcanreducetheirpainintheprocessofmarrowtransplant.4、WhatisScottGottlieb’sattitudetowardgeneandcelltherapies?A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Worried. D．Casual.Text4AcompanyinSanFrancisco,California,hasfoundawaytoturnusedplasticbottlesintowomen’sshoes.Everyday,millionsofAmericansdrinkwaterandotherliquidsfromplasticbottles.Morethan60millionofthemarethrownawayeachday.Manyoftheplasticbottlesendupinlandfillsorareburnedwithotherwasteproducts.ASanFranciscostart-upcompanycalledRothy’s,however,turnsthisplasticwasteintoenvironmentallyfriendlyshoes.RothMartinisthecompany’sco-founder.Heexplainshowtheyturnplasticintosoftmaterialforwomen’sfeet.Theytaketheplastic,cleanit,andbreakitdownintosmallpieces.Thentheypressthemthroughadevicethatmakessoftfibers.Thosefibersarethencombinedtogether.Thisisdonebya3Dmachine.Itisdesignedtoreducewastewhilemakingtheshoes.Theknittedstuffandtheinnerpartoftheshoearethenattachedtotheshoe’souterpart,calledthesole(鞋底).Thisoutersoleisalsomadefromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterial:responsiblysourcedno-carbonrubber.Rothy’sshoesaresoldonline.Theyareflatshoes,witheitheraroundedorpointedtoe.Theycomeindifferentcolorsanddesigns.Theycosteither$2or$145perpair,dependingonthedesign.AfterAmericanactressGwynethPaltrowdiscoveredthemlastyear,thedemandfortheshoesgrew.Martinsaysthereisnoshortageofmaterialtofillthatdemand.“We’renotgoingtorunoutofwaterbottlesanytimesoon.Sowehavealimitlesssupplyofmaterial,andIthinkthatisagoodsignforourfuture.”Whentheenvironmentallyfriendlyshoeswearout,customerscanreturnthematnocosttoacompanythatusestherecycledmaterialstomakeotherproducts.Fornow,theshoesareonlyavailabletobeshippedintheUnitedStates.However,thecompanysaysitwilladdinternationalshippinginthenearfuture.1、Howareusedplasticbottlesusuallydealtwith?A．Theyareburiedorburned.B．Theyareusedtomakeshoes.C．Theyarechangedintosoftmaterials.D．Theyarcreturnedtofactoriesforreuse.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedwordknittedinthethirdparagraphmean?A．Attached. B．Fixed.C．Combined. D．Repaired.3、WhichofthefollowingdirectlyhelpedtoincreasethesalesofRothy’sshoes?A．Thedesignandcolor. B．Thereasonableprice.C．Thecompany’sadvertisement. D．ThestarpowerofGwynethPaltrow.4、Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toadvertiseanewkindofshoes.B．Todescribetheprocessofmakingshoes.C．Tointroduceanewwayofrecyclingplasticwaste.D．Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Beijingroastduck,whichishonoredasbyfar1．(delicious)dishintheworld,haswonfamebothathomeandabroadNowadays,anincreasingnumberof2．(foreigner)travelingtoBeijingfallinlovewith3．Preparingqualityroastduck4．(be)along,complicatedprocessofmanysteps,fromselectingtheduckatthebeginningto5．(serve)ittothedinersattheendEachsetpiscarefullytakentoguaranteetheroastduckisattractivein6．(appear),redincolor,fragrant,andhotwiththinsteamwhenservedIntherestaurant,ducksareroastedupontheorderofthedinersAfteraroastduckisready,itisbroughttothediners,infrontof7．a(chǎn)chiefwillskillfullyslicethejuicymeat,eachpiecewithwell-cookedskin8．(attach)Youcandiptheslicesofduckintosweetsauce(醬),andwrapthemeatwithsomespringonionsinsideathinpancake,andonlythendoesonefinallytakeabite!Normally,theremainingbonesoftheduck9．(cook)slowlyinacloseddishformakingdelicious,cream-whitesoupAllgoeswellwithwine,thusmakingthedinner10．unforgettable“full-duckbanquet(宴會(huì))”Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation-itisagingThemedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1．(be)30-todayitis41andisexpected2．(increase)to42by3．ForJapan,the4．(number)aremorestriking-22in1950,46todayand53in5．In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65；by2050,itwillbeoneinsixThisagingofthepopulationisdriven6．twofactorsThefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge7．(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes8．(old)thanbeforeThisis9．(particular)trueintheUSThesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglongerAchildbornintheUStodayhas10．veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordinglyPeopletendtofocusonthefirstfactorHowever,greaterattentionshould11．(place)onlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)Itisn'tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglongerIt'salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier12．moreproductiveforlongerTherefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeaboosttotheeconomySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。America’sholidayshoppingseasonstartedonBlackFriday,thedayafterThanksgiving.1、Shoppersmakethemostmoneythistimeofyear,about20percentto30percentofallrevenueallyear.About136millionpeopleshoppedduringtheThanksgivingHolidayweekend.2、Inaneraofinstantinformation,shopperscanusetheirmobilephonestofinddeals.Nearly80percentofthisyear’sholidayshoppers,orabout183.8millionpeople,shoppedonCyberMonday.3、OnlinespendingonBlackFridayrose15percenttohit$2.7billionthisyear.CyberMondayspendingincreased12percentto$3billion.NBCNewsreportedthatformany,shoppingonlinewasamorecomfortablealternativethancrowdedmalls.Theshifttoonlineshoppinghashadabigimpactonsolidshoppingmalls.Since2010,morethan24shoppingmallshaveclosedandanadditional60arestruggling.Fortunesaystheweakestofthemallshaveclosed.However,thebusinessinmallsisthrivingagain,itadds.Accordingtoasurvey,94.2percentofmallswerefullwithshopsbytheendof2014.4、TheaverageAmericanconsumerwillspendabout$805ongifts.That’sabout$630.5billionbetweenNovemberandDecember–anincreaseof3.7percentfromlastyear.5、ThatgoestoChina’sSingles’Day,celebratedonNovember11,whichpostedrecordsalesof$14.3billionin2015.A．Moreandmorepeopleshoponlinenowadays.B．Thatisthehighestlevelin27years.C．Itisthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyear.D．One-in-fiveAmericansusedatabletorsmart-phone.E.Thetraditionalmallindustrycanhardlysurvive.F.CyberMon