福建省龍巖市一級(jí)校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1福建省龍巖市一級(jí)校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAustriaClassTripClass4Awillsoonbeleavingforthisyear'striptoSalzburg,Austria.Wewilldepartfromthecampusat6a.m.onJanuary18thtocatchthe9a.m.flight.Ourreturnflightleavesat8a.m.onJanuary21st,andwewillexpecttoarrivebackatthecampusbybus,around4p.m.Fortheentiretyofthetrip'sduration,wewillbestayingallthreenightsatHotelSalzburg.Inadditiontoyourpersonalbelongings,youwillberequiredtopackyourpassportandtravelinsurancecertificate.Furthermore,remembertopacktheappropriatewinternecessities,especiallyifyouplantoskiduringyourfreetimeintheafternoons.Ourscheduledmorningeventsaredetailedasfollows.AsAustriaisacountryofgreatimportanceinEuropeanhistory,learningmoreaboutitsuniqueculturewillbethefoundationofyourtrip.Thusfar,yourpre-tripassignmenthasbeentoinvestigatethelast60yearsofAustrianhistory.Tobringthisunittoitsconclusion,we'vearrangedameetinginthehotel'sconferenceroomwithseverallocalretirementassociations.Alsotakingplaceonhotelgroundsarevariousworkshopsthatwe'vearranged,hostingthreelocalspeakers.Pleasebesuretoattendatleastoneofthese.Uponreturn,usetheinformationyouobtainedfromtheinterviewsandworkshop(s)towritea500-wordreflectiononasubjectofyourchoice,worth60%ofyourfinalgrade.OfspecialfocusshouldbethesocialandculturalimpactsofWorldWarⅡ,withasecondaryfocusonhowthemodernAustriangovernmenttreatsitsseniorcitizens.Yourreportisdueby5p.m.onJanuary25th.1.WhenwilltheplaneforAustriatakeoff?A.At6a.m.onJanuary18th. B.At9a.m.onJanuary18th.C.At8a.m.onJanuary21st. D.At4p.m.onJanuary21st.2.Whichtopiccanbediscussedinthereport?A.Europeanhistory. B.CausesofWorldWarIl.C.WinterclimateinAustria. D.LifeofAustrianelderlypeople.3.Whatisthemajorpurposeofthistrip?A.Education. B.Sightseeing. C.Exercise. D.Charity.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了奧地利的班級(jí)旅行，以及從這次旅行學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)安排中達(dá)到的教學(xué)目的。【答案】1.B2.D3.A1．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wewilldepartfromthecampusat6a.m.onJanuary18thtocatchthe9a.m.flight.”（我們將于1月18日早上6點(diǎn)離開(kāi)校園，趕9點(diǎn)的航班。）可知，去奧地利的飛機(jī)1月18日上午9點(diǎn)起飛。故選B項(xiàng)。2．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“OfspecialfocusshouldbethesocialandculturalimpactsofWorldWarⅡ,withasecondaryfocusonhowthemodernAustriangovernmenttreatsitsseniorcitizens.”（特別關(guān)注的應(yīng)該是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的社會(huì)和文化影響，其次關(guān)注現(xiàn)代奧地利政府如何對(duì)待其老年人。）可知，報(bào)告中可以討論奧地利老年人的生活這個(gè)話題。故選D項(xiàng)。3．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中“Uponreturn,usetheinformationyouobtainedfromtheinterviewsandworkshop(s)towritea500-wordreflectiononasubjectofyourchoice,worth60%ofyourfinalgrade.OfspecialfocusshouldbethesocialandculturalimpactsofWorldWarⅡ,withasecondaryfocusonhowthemodernAustriangovernmenttreatsitsseniorcitizens.”（回來(lái)后，利用你從訪談和研討會(huì)中獲得的信息，就你選擇的主題寫(xiě)一篇500字的反思文章，占你最終成績(jī)的60%。特別關(guān)注的應(yīng)該是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的社會(huì)和文化影響，其次關(guān)注現(xiàn)代奧地利政府如何對(duì)待其老年人。）可知，文章主要講的是奧地利的班級(jí)旅行，以及從這次旅行學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)安排中達(dá)到的教學(xué)目的。由此可推知，這次旅行的主要目的是關(guān)于教育方面的。故選A項(xiàng)。BAntonyAumann,areligiousstudiesandphilosophyprofessoratNorthernMichiganUniversitytoldInsiderthathehadcaughthisstudentsubmittingessayswrittenbytheAlchatbot,andAumannhadhisstudentrewritetheessay.It'snotjusthisstrugglingwiththeriseofAIchatbotslikeChatGPT.AsaresultofthesetoolsbecomingaccessibletoanybodywithanInternetconnection,educationdepartmentsacrosstheentirecountryareadjustingworkprocessandredesigningentirecourses,accordingtotheNYT,forcingstudentstosubmithandwrittenessaysorintroducingoralexams.TheNewYorkCityandSeattlepublicschoolsystemshavealreadybannedChatGPTontheirownnetworksanddevices.“Ithinktheconsiderationbehindthebanisreasonable,”Aumannsaid.“Theywanttomakesurethattheirstudentsarelearningthecriticalthinkingskillsthatarepartoflearninghowtowrite.”Butuniversitiesaren'tlikelytofollowtheban.Afterall,goingaroundtheserestrictionsisquiteeasy.EventoolsdesignedtoassistteachersincatchingstudentssecretlymakinguseofAItoolslikeChatGPTwillprobablybeoflittleuse,becausestudentscanchangeafewwordsfromwhatChatGPTproduced,addsomegrammaticalmistakesonpurpose,andthedetectorsnolongerthinkit'swrittenbyachatbot.Besides,someprofessorsincludingAumannarguedthatthecatisalreadyoutofthebag.OncestudentsarecapturedbyChatGPT'sconvenienceandefficiency,it'dbepointlesstofightChatGPTintheclassroom.Insteadofabsoluteprohibition,AumannsuggestedencouragingtheirstudentstoreacttoChatGPTinthesamewaytheyreacttolearningsource-theywillbeaskedtoevaluateitsreasonsandarguments.4.WhydidtheauthormentionAumann'scaseinparagraph1?A.TointroduceChatGPTtechnology. B.Toshareapublicconcernonessays.C.TopromoteatoolofAlchatbots. D.TostartadiscussiononChatGPT.5.WhyisChatGPTbannedbysomeschoolsystems?A.ChatGPTiseasilyaccessibletostudents.B.ChatGPTfailstodeveloplearners'competence.C.ChatGPThelpsteacherscatchstudentscheating.D.ChatGPTblockstheimprovementofeducationsystems.6.Whatdoes“thecatisalreadyoutofthebag”reallymeaninparagraph4?A.Teachersdecidetotakeactiontoaddresstheproblem.B.ItcannotbeavoidedthatChatGPTattractsstudents.C.StudentswillbecaughtcheatingthroughChatGPT.D.Thecatmanagestoescapefrombeingcaughteventually.7.What'sAumann'sattitudetoChatGPT?A.Concerned. B.Subjective. C.Objective. D.Promising.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了人們對(duì)于ChatGPT的不同態(tài)度，隨著AI技術(shù)進(jìn)入高校，越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生選擇走捷徑，利用ChatGPT代寫(xiě)論文，教育部門(mén)對(duì)此采取了相關(guān)措施，大學(xué)教師們則對(duì)此持不同態(tài)度?！敬鸢浮?.D5.B6.B7.C4．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AntonyAumann,areligiousstudiesandphilosophyprofessoratNorthernMichiganUniversitytoldInsiderthathehadcaughthisstudentsubmittingessayswrittenbytheAlchatbot,andAumannhadhisstudentrewritetheessay.”（北密歇根大學(xué)的宗教研究和哲學(xué)教授安東尼·奧曼告訴Insider，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的學(xué)生提交了由人工智能聊天機(jī)器人寫(xiě)的論文，奧曼讓他的學(xué)生重寫(xiě)了論文。）可推知，作者在第1段提到了奧曼的案例是為了引出下文圍繞ChatGPT展開(kāi)的討論。故選D項(xiàng)。5．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheNewYorkCityandSeattlepublicschoolsystemshavealreadybannedChatGPTontheirownnetworksanddevices.“Ithinktheconsiderationbehindthebanisreasonable,”Aumannsaid.“Theywanttomakesurethattheirstudentsarelearningthecriticalthinkingskillsthatarepartoflearninghowtowrite.””（紐約市和西雅圖的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)禁止在他們自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和設(shè)備上使用ChatGPT。“我認(rèn)為禁令背后的考慮是合理的，”奧曼說(shuō)?！八麄兿Ｍ_保他們的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)批判性思維技能，這是學(xué)習(xí)如何寫(xiě)作的一部分。”）可推知，ChatGPT被一些學(xué)校系統(tǒng)禁止是因?yàn)镃hatGPT不能培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)者的能力。故選B項(xiàng)。6．【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“OncestudentsarecapturedbyChatGPT'sconvenienceandefficiency,it'dbepointlesstofightChatGPTintheclassroom.”（一旦學(xué)生們被ChatGPT的便利和高效所吸引，在課堂上對(duì)抗ChatGPT就沒(méi)有意義了。）可知，這些教授認(rèn)為學(xué)生使用ChatGPT是無(wú)法阻止的，所以“thecatisalreadyoutofthebag的意思是“ChatGPT吸引學(xué)生是不可避免的?！惫蔬xB項(xiàng)。7．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ithinktheconsiderationbehindthebanisreasonable,”（我認(rèn)為禁令背后的考慮是合理的）、第四段中“OncestudentsarecapturedbyChatGPT'sconvenienceandefficiency,it'dbepointlesstofightChatGPTintheclassroom.”（一旦學(xué)生們被ChatGPT的便利和高效所吸引，在課堂上對(duì)抗ChatGPT就沒(méi)有意義了。）以及第五段中“Insteadofabsoluteprohibition,AumannsuggestedencouragingtheirstudentstoreacttoChatGPTinthesamewaytheyreacttolearningsource”（不是絕對(duì)禁止，奧曼建議鼓勵(lì)他們的學(xué)生對(duì)ChatGPT的反應(yīng)就像他們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)資源的反應(yīng)一樣。）可知，奧曼一方面肯定禁令的合理之處，另一方面又認(rèn)為大學(xué)不易實(shí)施禁令，不如鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生合理利用，由此推知，他對(duì)ChatGPT的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項(xiàng)。CDandelion(蒲公英)seedsaresomeofthebestflyersinnature,catchingthewindandspreadingasfaras100kilometers.Eachdandelionseedistiedbyathintubetoaround100hairs,whichformtheparachute-like(類似降落傘的)structure,Whenseedsbreakfreefromtheflowerhead,thesehairscatchthewindandcarrytheirseeds.Thishairyparachutecloseswhentheairishumid(潮濕的),whichoftenmeansthewindisweak.Indrier,windierconditions.dandelionswidentheirparachutestobettercatchthewindsotheseedscanflyfreely.However,inthepast,nobodyknewhowtheysenseandrespondtotheirenvironmentsoeffectively.Nowresearchershaveuncoveredthesecret“thinking”behinddandelions’spreadingseeds.Theirwork.publishedinNatureCommunications,foundtheseed-carryingparachutesopenandcloseusingsomethinglikeactuators-devicesthatchangesignalsintomovement-withoutusingactiveinputofenergy.Thecenteroftheparachutessensesthehumidityoftheirimmediateenvironmentbyabsorbingwatermolecules(分子)fromtheair.Respondingtothesehumiditysignals.theyeitheropentheirparachutesandflyaway,orclosetheirparachutesandstayput.StudyauthorDr.NaomiNakayamaoftheDepartmentofBioengineeringwholedtheworksaidthattheir“findingsrevealhowthedandelionensuresthesurvivalofitsspeciesbymakingperhapsthemostimportantdecisioninaplant’slife—tostayorgoseekabetterhabitat”.“Understandinghowdandelionsworkisfascinatingbecausethedandelionisthefoundationofecosystems.Itfeedsinsectsandbirds.”Nakayamasays“So,theenvironmentalsensitivityoftheirflightisanimportanttopicforustounderstandhownaturewillchangeinfutureclimates.”8.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph1?A.Dandelionseedshaveatube-likedesign.B.Adandelionflowerconsistsof100hairs.C.Dandelionseedsbegintogrowindryweather.D.Thedandelionparachuteclosesonwetmornings.9.Whatdoresearchersfindaboutthedandelion?A.Itshairscatchthewindeasily.B.Itsactuatorneedsextraenergytofunction.C.Themiddleofitsparachutemeasureshumidity.D.Itsactuator’sshapewaschangedbythewind.10.WhydotheystudyhowdandelionsworkaccordingtoNakayama?A.Tofeedmoreinsectsandbirds. B.Tobetterlearnaboutclimatechange.C.Toexplaintheirroleinecosystems. D.Tochangedandelions’livingenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Whydandelionseeds“prefer”thewindB.Howdandelions“tell”ustheirdestinationsC.Howdandelions“decide”tospreadtheirseedsD.Whydandelionseeds“create”parachute-likestructure【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了蒲公英種子播散的機(jī)制：降落傘中心感知濕度，并根據(jù)信號(hào)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉降落傘來(lái)留在原地或飛到適合生存的地方，這對(duì)了解未來(lái)氣候如何影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常重要?！敬鸢浮?.D9.C10.B11.C8．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thishairyparachutecloseswhentheairishumid(潮濕的),whichoftenmeansthewindisweak.(這種毛茸茸的降落傘在空氣潮濕時(shí)關(guān)閉，這通常意味著風(fēng)很弱。)”可知，蒲公英降落傘在潮濕的早晨關(guān)閉。故選D。9．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecenteroftheparachutessensesthehumidityoftheirimmediateenvironmentbyabsorbingwatermolecules(分子)fromtheair.(降落傘的中心通過(guò)吸收空氣中的水分子來(lái)感知周圍環(huán)境的濕度。)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)降落傘的中間部分用來(lái)測(cè)量濕度。故選C。10．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nakayamasays“So,theenvironmentalsensitivityoftheirflightisanimportanttopicforustounderstandhownaturewillchangeinfutureclimates.”(Nakayama說(shuō)：“所以，它們飛行的環(huán)境敏感性是我們了解自然在未來(lái)氣候中如何變化的一個(gè)重要話題?！?”可知，研究人員研究蒲公英的工作原理以便更好地了解氣候變化。故選B。11．【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Nowresearchershaveuncoveredthesecret“thinking”behinddandelions’spreadingseeds.(現(xiàn)在，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蒲公英傳播種子背后的“思考”秘密。)”及全文可知，文章介紹了蒲公英種子播散的機(jī)制：降落傘中心感知濕度，并根據(jù)信號(hào)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉降落傘來(lái)留在原地或飛到適合生存的地方，這對(duì)了解未來(lái)氣候如何影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常重要。所以“Howdandelions“decide”tospreadtheirseeds(蒲公英如何“決定”傳播它們的種子)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。DYourbrainisn’tnecessarilythesameageastherestofyou.Now,itmaybepossibletopredicthowquicklyaperson’sbrainwillagethroughoutlifebasedonteststakenwhentheyare3yearsold.Aperson’sbiologicalagemaybeabetterindicatoroftheirhealththantheirchronologicalage(實(shí)際年齡).Brainagecanbemeasuredusingbrainscansandmachinelearningtodetermineifaperson’sbrainlooksolderoryoungerthantheaveragehealthybrainforpeopleofthesameage.Tofindoutifbrainagemightrevealanythingaboutaperson’shealthinmidlife.MaxwellElliottatDukeUniversityinNorthCarolinaandhiscolleaguesassessedthebrainsof869adultsinNewZealandwhohaveundergoneregularmedicalandcognitivetestingsincetheywere3yearsold.Whenthevolunteers,allagedbetween43and46,underwentMRIbrainscans,theteamfoundthattheirbrainagesrangedfrom23to71.Thosewitholderbrainagesperformedworseontestsofcognition.memoryandIQ.Theresearchersalsomeasuredthingslikecholesterolandbloodsugarlevelstoestimatethebiologicalageofthevolunteers'bodies.JamesColeatKing’sCollegeLondoncautionsthatitwillbedifficulttomakepredictionsbasedona3-year-old’stestresults.“Accelerationordelaycouldbepositiveornegative.”saysCole.“Ifa60-year-oldhasabrainthatlooks70,that’sbad,butifa3-year-oldhasabrainthatlooks5,thatmightbeagoodthing.”Theteamalsoaskedotherresearcherstoguesshowoldthevolunteerswerebasedonphotosoftheirfaces.Again,theresponsesvariedhugelywithestimatescomingin20yearsaboveandbelowtheiractualage.Thosewholookedolderalsohadolderbrainages.“Itsuggeststhattheoutwardsignsofageingarereflectedbytheinternalsignsofageing,”saysCole.“Thatdoesn’tmeanthatallolder-lookingindividualswillbeontheirwaytodementia(癡呆).”saysElliott.Wedon’tyethaveawaytotreatbrainageing,butgiventheknownbenefitstothebrainofhealthyeatingandexercise,thesearen’tabadplacetostart.12.WhydidMaxElliottconducttheexperiment?A.Totestwhetherbrainagemightindicateaperson’shealthinmidlife.B.Tofindoutifchronologicalageshowsaperson’shealthinmidlife.C.Totestwhetheraperson’sbrainageisyoungerthanhischronologicalage.D.Tofindoutwhetheraperson’schronologicalageinfluenceshisbrainage.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutMaxwellElliott’sexperiment?A.The869volunteers,allagedbetween43and46.areallfromNorthCarolina.B.Thevolunteershaveneverexperiencedanyregularmedicalorcognitivetesting.C.Thosewitholderbrainagesperformedworsethanthosewithyoungerones.D.Thevolunteer’sbrainagesrangedfrom43and46byMRIscans.14.WhichofthefollowingwouldJamesColeprobablyagreewith?A.Ithasbeenpossibletomakeprecisepredictionsbasedon3-year-old’stestresults.B.People’saccelerationordelayofbrainageingmustbeonehundredpercentnegative.C.Theinternalsignsofageingcanreflecttheoutwardsignsofageing.D.Itisnotagoodthingfora3-year-oldwithabrainthatlooks5.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Itmakesnosensetoworryaboutsuchpredictiontoomuch.B.Itisurgenttotreatbrainageingatonceforitisafataldisease.C.Researchersareatalosswhattodowithbrainageing.D.Researchershavefoundaneffectivewaytotreatbrainageing.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了你的大腦年齡不一定和你身體其他部分的年齡相同?，F(xiàn)在，有可能根據(jù)一個(gè)人3歲時(shí)所做的測(cè)試來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)他一生中大腦衰老的速度。一個(gè)人的生物年齡可能比他們的實(shí)際年齡更能反映他們的健康狀況。大腦年齡可以通過(guò)腦部掃描和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)測(cè)量，以確定一個(gè)人的大腦看起來(lái)比同齡人群的平均健康大腦更老還是更年輕?！敬鸢浮?2.A13.C14.C15.A12．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tofindoutifbrainagemightrevealanythingaboutaperson’shealthinmidlife.MaxwellElliottatDukeUniversityinNorthCarolinaandhiscolleaguesassessedthebrainsof869adultsinNewZealandwhohaveundergoneregularmedicalandcognitivetestingsincetheywere3yearsold.(為了找出大腦年齡是否能揭示一個(gè)人在中年時(shí)的健康狀況。北卡羅來(lái)納州杜克大學(xué)的麥克斯韋·埃利奧特和他的同事們對(duì)新西蘭869名成年人的大腦進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，這些成年人從3歲起就接受了定期的醫(yī)學(xué)和認(rèn)知測(cè)試)”可知，麥克斯韋·埃利奧特做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了測(cè)試大腦年齡是否可以反映一個(gè)人在中年時(shí)的健康狀況。故選A項(xiàng)。13．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenthevolunteers,allagedbetween43and46,underwentMRIbrainscans,theteamfoundthattheirbrainagesrangedfrom23to71.Thosewitholderbrainagesperformedworseontestsofcognition,memoryandIQ.(當(dāng)年齡在43歲到46歲之間的志愿者接受核磁共振掃描時(shí)，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的大腦年齡從23歲到71歲不等。那些大腦年齡較大的人在認(rèn)知、記憶和智商測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)較差)”可知，我們能從麥克斯韋·埃利奧特的實(shí)驗(yàn)中了解到大腦年齡較大的人比大腦年齡較小的人表現(xiàn)得更差。故選C項(xiàng)。14．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thosewholookedolderalsohadolderbrainages.“Itsuggeststhattheoutwardsignsofageingarereflectedbytheinternalsignsofageing,”saysCole.(那些看起來(lái)更老的人的大腦年齡也更大。科爾說(shuō)：“這表明，外在的衰老跡象會(huì)反映出內(nèi)在的衰老跡象)”可推知，詹姆斯·科爾可能會(huì)同意衰老的內(nèi)在跡象可以反映出衰老的外在跡象。這一說(shuō)法。故選C項(xiàng)。15．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Thatdoesn’tmeanthatallolder-lookingindividualswillbeontheirwaytodementia(癡呆).”saysElliott.Wedon’tyethaveawaytotreatbrainageing,butgiventheknownbenefitstothebrainofhealthyeatingandexercise,thesearen'tabadplacetostart.(“這并不意味著所有看起來(lái)更老的人都會(huì)患上癡呆癥?！卑＠麏W特說(shuō)。我們還沒(méi)有治療大腦衰老的方法，但考慮到健康飲食和鍛煉對(duì)大腦的已知益處，這些都是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的開(kāi)始)”可推知，作者在最后一段想表達(dá)過(guò)分擔(dān)心這樣的預(yù)測(cè)是沒(méi)有意義的。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Yawning(打哈欠)happenscountlesstimesinyourlifetime.Theactofyawningiscommonplace.___16___Everyfunctionofyourbodyhasapurpose.fromeatingtobreathing,butwhataboutyawning?Despiteitbeingacommonbodilyfunction,notmanypeoplecanexplainthephenomenon.___17___Yawningistheinvoluntaryopeningofthemouthfollowedbydeepinhalationandexhalation(吸氣和呼氣).Whileit'sfrequentlyassumedthatweyawnwhenwe'reboredortired,scientificresearchsuggeststhatthere'salotmoretoit!Someresearchersassumethatyawningisaresponsethatkeepsusfocusedandaware.Whenyouyawn,areasinbloodvesselsbecomestimulated,leadingtoincreasedbloodflowinyourhead.___18___Additionally.it'salsobeenshowntohelpregulatebraintemperatureandcoolitdownwhenitgetstoowarm!Astudyfoundthatpeopleyawnmoreoftenwhenthey'rehotthanwhenthey'recold.Youmighthaveevennoticedthatyouyawnmoreofteninthesummerthanthewinter!Peopleoftenyawninresponsetoothers'yawning.___19___Thereasonbehindthisrelatestohighempathy;peoplewhoyawnedmoreofteninresponsetoyawningscoredhigheronstandardempathyevaluations.Thisiswhyitmakessensethatyouyawnafterafriendorfamilymemberdoes.___20___Yawndurationisrelatedtothecellsofourbrains.Therefore,thelengthofyawnscanbroadlyindicatebrainweight.Sothenexttimeyouyawn,payextraattentionandseewhatyouryawnscantellyou!A.Yawningisasignofsleepiness.B.Let'sdiveintowhatyawningreallyis.C.Deepbreathscancoolthebrainslightly.D.Thishelpstopromoteattentionandawareness.E.Eventhethoughtofyawningcanmakeyouyawn.F.However,mostofuscan'texplainwhyithappens.G.Thelengthofayawnalsohasascientificbasisbehindit.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了打哈欠這一現(xiàn)象的背后原理?！敬鸢浮?6.F17.B18.D19.E20.G16．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Yawning(打哈欠)happenscountlesstimesinyourlifetime.Theactofyawningiscommonplace.”（打哈欠在人的一生中會(huì)發(fā)生無(wú)數(shù)次。打哈欠的行為是司空見(jiàn)慣的。）引出話題，提到打哈欠的行為是司空見(jiàn)慣的。以及下文“Despiteitbeingacommonbodilyfunction,notmanypeoplecanexplainthephenomenon.”（盡管這是一種常見(jiàn)的身體功能，但沒(méi)有多少人能解釋這種現(xiàn)象。）說(shuō)明沒(méi)有多少人能解釋這種現(xiàn)象。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)F項(xiàng)However,mostofuscan'texplainwhyithappens.（然而，我們大多數(shù)人都無(wú)法解釋為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況。）起到上下文的承上啟下作用，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。17．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Yawningistheinvoluntaryopeningofthemouthfollowedbydeepinhalationandexhalation(吸氣和呼氣).”（打哈欠是不自覺(jué)地張開(kāi)嘴，然后深吸氣和呼氣。）可知，講的是解釋打哈欠的概念。由此可推知，空格處應(yīng)為引出問(wèn)題，什么是打哈欠。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)Let'sdiveintowhatyawningreallyis.（讓我們深入了解一下打哈欠到底是什么。）符合此推斷，上下文緊密連接。故選B項(xiàng)。18．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Whenyouyawn,areasinbloodvesselsbecomestimulated,leadingtoincreasedbloodflowinyourhead.”（當(dāng)你打哈欠時(shí)，血管區(qū)域受到刺激，導(dǎo)致頭部血液流動(dòng)增加。）說(shuō)明打哈欠時(shí)的生理變化。以及下文“Additionally,it'salsobeenshowntohelpregulatebraintemperatureandcoolitdownwhenitgetstoowarm!”（此外，它也被證明有助于調(diào)節(jié)大腦溫度，并在大腦過(guò)熱時(shí)使其降溫?。┱f(shuō)明另一個(gè)打哈欠的好處，由此可推知空，空格處內(nèi)容為說(shuō)明其中之一的好處。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)Thishelpstopromoteattentionandawareness.（這有助于提高注意力和意識(shí)。）符合此推斷，為說(shuō)明打哈欠的其中之一好處，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選D項(xiàng)。19．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Peopleoftenyawninresponsetoothers'yawning.”（人們通常會(huì)對(duì)別人的打哈欠做出回應(yīng)。）說(shuō)明打哈欠會(huì)影響到其他人。以及下文“Thereasonbehindthisrelatestohighempathy;peoplewhoyawnedmoreofteninresponsetoyawningscoredhigheronstandardempathyevaluations.”（這背后的原因與高同理心有關(guān)；經(jīng)常打哈欠的人在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同理心評(píng)估中得分更高。）解釋打哈欠會(huì)影響到其他人的原因。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)E項(xiàng)Eventhethoughtofyawningcanmakeyouyawn.（甚至一想到打哈欠就會(huì)讓你打哈欠。）和上文內(nèi)容緊密連接，為上文內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)意遞進(jìn)，同時(shí)引起下文，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。20．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Yawndurationisrelatedtothecellsofourbrains.”（打哈欠的持續(xù)時(shí)間與我們大腦的細(xì)胞有關(guān)。）可知，講的是關(guān)于打哈欠的時(shí)間話題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G項(xiàng)Thelengthofayawnalsohasascientificbasisbehindit.（打哈欠的時(shí)長(zhǎng)也是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的。）和下文內(nèi)容意思一致，上下文內(nèi)容緊密連接，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewyearsago,Iworkedonaprojectforhomelesspeople.Therehadbeenoneyoungmaninhisearlytwentiesthatwehadbeenveryworriedabout.Infact,hewas___21___alone-nofamilyatall.Whenyouworkwithhomelesspeople,youhearvarious___22___ofthisstorytimeandtimeagain:nolove:nostabilityasachild;awoundsodeepthatnothingcan___23___it.It'sfairtosaythatit'seasyforyourheartto___24___whenconfronted(面對(duì))withapatientlikethis.I'dbeenaskedtoseehimbecausethenurseshadbecome___25___abouthismood.Hecouldn'tseethe___26___ofkeepinggoing.Evenworse.heusedtoliveinanareawithahighsuiciderisk.“Ithinkaboutsuicideeveryday,”hesaid.Iaskedhimifhehadmadeplans.He___27___hishead.“Icouldn'tdoittoBecky,”hesaid.Iwasconfused.WhowasBecky?Beckywasastrangerwhostoppedandspoketohimonherwayhomefromworkeveryday.Sheonlystoppedfor10minutesorsowhileshe___28___forhertrain,andwouldoftenbuyhimacoffeeorsandwichandwouldsitwithhimatthetrainstation.Shenever___29___tostop.Forher,itwasa(n)____30____eventinherday.Yetforhim,it____31____somethingsomuchmore.Shehadshownadamaged,unlovedyoungmantowhomtheworldhadonlyevershowncoldnessand____32____that,actually,therewassomekindnessinit____33____.Shehadgivenhimatinyglimmer(微光)ofhopethathehad____34____Withjustatinygesture,shehadgivenayoungman____35____tokeeponliving.eventhoughshehadnoideaoftheimportanceofwhatshehaddone.Itcostsnothingtobekind,anditmightjustsavesomeone'slife.21.A.hardly B.totally C.occasionally D.eventually22.A.scenes B.styles C.versions D.processes23.A.heal B.treat C.regain D.review24.A.explore B.drown C.float D.sink25.A.calm B.concerned C.curious D.confused26.A.point B.wish C.response D.decision27.A.nodded B.scratched C.slapped D.shook28.A.left B.waited C.fought D.searched29.A.wanted B.failed C.longed D.hoped30.A.memorable B.unnecessary C.insignificant D.indifferent31.A.required B.improved C.suffered D.meant32.A.cruelty B.innocence C.sympathy D.discomfort33.A.afterall B.inall C.atall D.aboveall34.A.heldback B.heldonto C.helddown D.heldoff35.A.energy B.magic C.reason D.idea【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了在一個(gè)為無(wú)家可歸者服務(wù)的項(xiàng)目中作者見(jiàn)證一位飽受生活摧殘，失去人生意義甚至想要自殺的年輕人，因?yàn)槟吧诵⌒〉纳婆e而重拾人生意義的故事?！敬鸢浮?1.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.D28.B29.B30.C31.D32.A33.A34.B35.C21．【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，他完全是一個(gè)人——沒(méi)有家人。A.hardly幾乎不；B.totally完全；C.occasionally偶爾；D.eventually最終。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境以及下文“nofamilyatall”沒(méi)有家人，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示他完全是一個(gè)人——沒(méi)有家人。故選B項(xiàng)。22．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你和無(wú)家可歸的人一起工作時(shí)，你會(huì)一次又一次地聽(tīng)到這個(gè)故事的不同版本：沒(méi)有愛(ài)；沒(méi)有童年的穩(wěn)定。A.scenes場(chǎng)景；B.styles風(fēng)格；C.versions版本；D.processes過(guò)程。根據(jù)下文“ofthisstorytimeandtimeagain:nolove:nostabilityasachild;awoundsodeep”提到?jīng)]有愛(ài)；沒(méi)有童年的穩(wěn)定。由此可推知，此處應(yīng)表示這個(gè)故事的不同版本。故選C項(xiàng)。23．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)深得無(wú)法治愈的傷口。A.heal治愈；B.treat對(duì)待；C.regain重新獲得；D.review復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意以及上文“awoundsodeepthatnothingcan”傷口很深，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示傷口如此之深以至于沒(méi)有什么能夠治愈它。故選A項(xiàng)。24．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：公平地說(shuō)，當(dāng)你面對(duì)這樣的病人時(shí)，你的心情很容易低落。A.explore探索；B.drown溺水；C.float漂?。籇.sink下沉，低落。根據(jù)下文“whenconfrontedwithapatientlikethis.”可知，此處應(yīng)表示當(dāng)你面對(duì)這樣的病人時(shí)，你的心情很容易低落。故選D項(xiàng)。25．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我被要求去看他，因?yàn)樽o(hù)士們開(kāi)始擔(dān)心他的情緒。A.calm鎮(zhèn)靜的；B.concerned擔(dān)心的；C.curious好奇的；D.confused困惑的。根據(jù)上文“I'dbeenaskedtoseehim”和第一段提到的“wehadbeenveryworriedabout.”可知，要求作者去看這個(gè)病人，是因?yàn)樽o(hù)士們開(kāi)始擔(dān)心他的情緒，beconcernedabout固定搭配，意為“擔(dān)心”。故選B項(xiàng)。26．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他看不出繼續(xù)活下去有什么意義。A.point點(diǎn)，意義；B.wish愿望；C.response回應(yīng)；D.decision決定。根據(jù)下文“Evenworse,heusedtoliveinanareawithahighsuiciderisk.”可知，他曾經(jīng)生活在一個(gè)自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很高的地區(qū)，結(jié)合上文提到他家里只有一個(gè)人，由此可知，此處指他看不出生活的意義是什么。故選A項(xiàng)。27．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他搖了搖頭。A.nodded點(diǎn)頭；B.scratched撓，輕抓；C.slapped拍打，拍擊；D.shook搖頭。根據(jù)下文““Icouldn'tdoittoBecky,””可知，當(dāng)作者問(wèn)他有沒(méi)有制定自殺計(jì)劃時(shí)，他搖了搖頭。故選D項(xiàng)。28．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她只在等火車的時(shí)候停10分鐘左右，經(jīng)常給他買咖啡或三明治，和他一起坐在火車站。A.left離開(kāi)；B.waited等待；C.fought斗爭(zhēng)；D.searched搜尋。根據(jù)上文“Beckywasastrangerwhostoppedandspoketohimonherwayhomefromworkeveryday.”提到每天下班回家的路上都會(huì)停下來(lái)和他說(shuō)話，以及下文“forhertrain”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示在等火車的時(shí)候，她停留一會(huì)，給他買東西吃。故選B項(xiàng)。29．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)。A.wanted想要；B.failed失敗；C.longed渴望；D.hoped希望。根據(jù)上文“whostoppedandspoketohimonherwayhomefromworkeveryday.”可知，貝基每次遇到他都會(huì)停下來(lái)，neverfailedtodosth雙重否定，表示肯定。故選B項(xiàng)。30．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，這是她一天中無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事。A.memorable令人難忘的；B.unnecessary不需要的；C.insignificant微不足道的；D.indifferent冷漠的。根據(jù)下文“Yetforhim,it______somethingsomuchmore.”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，對(duì)貝基來(lái)說(shuō)，這是她一天中微不足道的事。但對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這卻意義重大。故選C項(xiàng)。31．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著更多的東西。A.required要求；B.improved提高；C.suffered遭受；D.meant意味著。根據(jù)下文“somethingsomuchmore”和上文提到的這病人沒(méi)有制定自殺計(jì)劃，是因?yàn)樗X(jué)得自己不能這樣對(duì)貝基，因?yàn)樨惢o予了他很多。故選D項(xiàng)。32．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他讓一個(gè)遍體鱗傷，缺乏關(guān)愛(ài)的年輕人體會(huì)到了這個(gè)曾經(jīng)對(duì)他冷漠和殘忍的世界畢竟還是有一絲善意的。A.cruelty殘忍；B.innocence無(wú)辜；C.sympathy同情；D.discomfort不舒服。根據(jù)句意以及上文“coldness”可知，此處表示和coldness是同色彩的詞，指世界對(duì)他的冷漠和殘忍。故選A項(xiàng)。33．【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他讓一個(gè)遍體鱗傷，缺乏關(guān)愛(ài)的年輕人體會(huì)到了這個(gè)曾經(jīng)對(duì)他冷漠和殘忍的世界畢竟還是有一絲善意的。A.afterall畢竟；B.inall總之；C.atall根本；D.aboveall首先。根據(jù)上文“actually,therewassomekindnessinit”可知，貝基讓他感覺(jué)這個(gè)曾經(jīng)對(duì)他冷漠和殘忍的世界畢竟還是有一絲善意的。故選A項(xiàng)。34．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她給了他一絲他一直堅(jiān)持的希望，僅僅是一個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)，她就給了一個(gè)年輕人繼續(xù)活下去的理由。A.heldback阻止；B.heldonto緊緊抓住，堅(jiān)持；C.helddown抑制；D.heldoff拖延。根據(jù)句意以及上文“Shehadgivenhimatinyglimmer(微光)ofhopethathehad”可知，貝基給了他一絲能讓他堅(jiān)持下去的希望。故選B項(xiàng)。35．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她給了他一絲他一直堅(jiān)持的希望，僅僅是一個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)，她就給了一個(gè)年輕人繼續(xù)活下去的理由。A.energy能量；B.magic魔法；C.reason理由；D.idea主意。根據(jù)句意以及下文“tokeeponliving.”繼續(xù)活下去，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示僅僅是一個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)，她就給了一個(gè)年輕人繼續(xù)活下去的理由。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SinceJapanbeganreleasingnuclear-contaminated(核污染)wastewaterintothePacificOceandespitestrongoppositionand___36___(criticize)fromtheinternationalcommunity,Chinesenetizenshaveexpressedtheirangerandconcern,withalargenumberofthem___37___(say)thattheywouldnolongergotoJapaneserestaurants.Accordingtothespokesperson.theactionsoftheJapanesegovernmentare___38___(contradict)tointernationalconventions(公約)andexpertssaythattheinfluenceofJapan'sreleaseofwastewateronthesafetyofpeoplethroughouttheworldisunpredictable.Asaconsequence,manydomesticJapaneserestaurantssaythattheywilladjusttheirproductlines,andthatseafood___39___(select)fromdomesticsourcesorimportedfromothercoastalcountries.Someevensaythattheywillseek___40___(develop)othernewcuisines.“TheChinesegovernmentwilltakenecessarymeasuresto___41___(firm)protectthemarineenvironmentifJapanisdeterminedtogoonwithitsdischarge(排放)plan,”saidamajorityofChinese,among___42___arethoselivingandstudyinginJapannow.Inapol