2023版高三一輪總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)外研版課時(shí)分層作業(yè)15　The world of science

課時(shí)分層作業(yè)（十五）

I.閱讀理解

A

（2021?石室莊市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）Herearesomefunandengagingwaystolearn

abouttheSustainableDevelopmentGoals（SDGs）oftheUnitedNationsandwhatyou

candototakeactiontomakethemareality.

FreericefromWFP

Freericeisafreeonlineeducationalgamewherepeopleofallagescandotheir

part一simplybyplaying.EveryrightansweronFreericebringsarealfinancial

donationtotheUNWorldFoodProgramme（WFP）fromsponsorsworthabout10

grainsofrice.Useyourtimeandknowledgetohelpprovidefoodforpeopleinneed.

Frieda

Story-tellingisapowerfulcommunicationtoolandhelpschildrenremember

lessonsandvirtuesthattheywilluseineverydaylife.Theideabehindtheproduction

ofthestoryofFriedaistosimplifythelessonsoftheSDGssoyoungchildrencan

betterunderstandtheSDGs.

SDGPandas

Inspiredbyreal-lifeanimalambassadors（大使）QiqiandDiandian,SDGPandas

arestickersthatyoucanuseinyourWhatsAppconversationstohelpspreadtheSDGs

andinspireactionfbrabetterworld.

SDGElyx

Elyx,theUnitedNations5digitalambassador,usesvariousexpressionsand

actionstohelpdemonstratethemeaningofeachSustainableDevelopmentGoal.

CreatedbyFrenchartistYAK,Elyxhasnorace,sexornationalityandisauniversal

characterpromotingtheimportanceoftheUnitedNations，work.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了了解并實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)

展目標(biāo)的四種途徑。

1.WhichprogramusesagametopromotetheSDGs?

A.FreericefromWFP.

B.Frieda.

C.SDGPandas.

D.SDGElyx.

A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FreericefromWFP部分的第一句"Freericeisafree

onlineeducationalgamewherepeopleofallagescandotheirpart—simplyby

playing.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。］

2.Whatareinspiredbyrealanimals?

A.TheWFP，sprograms.

B.Frieda，sstories.

C.Thevirtualstickers.

D.Thedigitalambassadors.

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SDGPandas部分的內(nèi)容可知，受到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的動(dòng)

物大使“啟啟”和“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”的啟發(fā)，SDGPandas是一款可以在WhatsApp對(duì)話

中使用的貼紙，故C項(xiàng)“虛擬貼紙”正確。］

3.What'sFriedameanttodo?

A.Promotestudents，story-tellingability.

B?EncouragefinancialdonationfortheSDGs.

C.Guidechildreninpracticingvirtuesindailylife.

D.MaketheSDGseasierforchildrentounderstand.

D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Frieda部分的第二句“Theideabehindtheproduction

ofthestoryofFriedaistosimplifythelessonsoftheSDGssoyoungchildrencan

betterunderstandtheSDGs.“可知，D項(xiàng)正確。］

B

（2021?東北三省三校聯(lián)合模擬）ItisnotrareinChinathatmanyseniorstake

advantageoftheirretirementyearstopleasetheirgrandchildren.

Somearegoodatsugarfigureblowingart——themakerusessugarasitsbasic

materialtoboilandblowintovariousfigures.Somecanweave,usingeventhemost

unexpectedmaterialssuchasleaves,andsomeexcelincarpentry,usingwoodto

carvelifelikedollsandtoys.

In2020,inasmallvillageinFujianProvince,one-and-a-half1year-oldDandan

becamethemostenviablechild.Hisgrandfathermadeawoodenumantiscart（螳螂

車）“forhim.Thewoodencomponentsonbothsidesofthecartwouldriseandfall

withthewheels,resemblingamantis?Thisoee-a-kindtoywasfilmedbythe

child'sparentsandpostedonline,immediatelyarousingcuriosity.

Thegrandfather,LiShishui,whohadbeenacarpenterformorethan50years,

retiredin2018.Inhissparetime,hepicksuphisoldcraftsmanshipandusesthescrap

（廢料）woodfromhisoldhousetomakethe“mantiscart“withlonglegs.Healso

makespurewoodentoyssuchasrobots,birdsandevenanuIronMan”.

WhenDandangoesoutinthe“mantiscart"，itneverfailstoturnheadsandmake

thechildrenoftheneighborsnextdoorshoutandcrytotheirparentsforonetoo.

Fullofchildlikefun,fotherlyloveanddelicatedesign,thewoodentoy,not

merelycatchestheheartofchildreninhisneighborhood,somenetizensalsoexpress

theirenvyafterwatchingonlinevideos."Iwantagrandpalikehimtoo.n"Doesthe

grandpawantagranddaughter?”Somealsorecollectthatalthoughtheir

grandfatherisnotacarpenter,thesevideoshavebroughtbacktheirfond

memories一whentheywereyoung,theirgrandfatheralsomadesomegadgets（小器

具）forthem.

Therefore,manybelieve,parentsshouldstresstheimportanceoftheeducationof

theirchildren，sinterpersonalcommunicationskillsatanearlyage.Childrenwho

growupintheloveoftheirelderscanexpecttobemorebrave,positive,optimistic

andconfidentthanotherchildren.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了福建的木匠爺爺李石水

給他孫子做螳螂車的故事，論述了長(zhǎng)輩的關(guān)愛(ài)對(duì)孩子健康成長(zhǎng)的重要性。

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedpart“Thisone-of-a-kind

toy1

A.Thetoyishard-won.

B?Thetoyisspeciallymade.

C.Thetoyisofhighquality.

D.ThetoyistheonlyonemadebyGrandpaLi.

B［詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分所在句的上句可知，這個(gè)螳螂車兩邊的木制

部分會(huì)隨著車輪上升下落，像一只螳螂。由此可推知，畫線部分意為“這個(gè)玩具

是特殊制作的“。故選B項(xiàng)。］

5.Whichofthefollowingisrightaboutthe“mantiscart”?

A.Allthecomponentsofitaremadeofexpensivewood.

B.Itsonlinevideoswerenotimmediatelyaccepted.

C.Itsinsect-likefeaturesattractbothchildrenandadults.

D.Itwashand-madebyGrandpaLi,acraftsmanofsugarfigures.

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第一句中的“thewoodentoy,notmerelycatches

theheartofchildreninhisneighborhood,somenetizensalsoexpresstheirenvy”可

知，這個(gè)螳螂車既吸引了孩子，也吸引了成年人。故選C項(xiàng)。］

6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Muchimportanceshouldbeattachedtochildren5sbehavior.

B.Childrenundertheloveoftheireldersmayhavebetterpersonalities.

C.SomenetizensenvyDandanastheirgrandparentsarenotcarpenters.

D.SomechildrenoftheneighborscryasDandandoesn，tsharethetoywith

them.

B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句可知，在長(zhǎng)輩的關(guān)愛(ài)下長(zhǎng)大的

孩子，會(huì)比其他孩子更勇敢、積極、樂(lè)觀和自信，由此可推知，在長(zhǎng)輩關(guān)愛(ài)下長(zhǎng)

大的孩子可能會(huì)有更好的個(gè)性。故選B項(xiàng)。］

7.Whichsectionofawebpagecanthispassagebetakenfrom?

A.Fashion.B.Entertainment.

C.Lifestyle.D.Transportation.

C［推理判斷題。本文主要講了中國(guó)老年人退休后的生活，文章應(yīng)該摘自網(wǎng)

頁(yè)上生活方式那一欄。故選C項(xiàng)。］

C

（2021?濰坊市階段性監(jiān)測(cè)）Thefooddeliveryindustrynowisahotlycompetitive

business,attractingtheworld5sbiggestmoneybagssuchasAlibabaand

SoftBank.Balancingtheneedsofdiners,cooksandcouriers（專遞公司）is

complicated.Mostnewcompanieslosemoney.Yettheyhavereceivedmorethan

$30bnfromventurecapitalists（資本家）inthepastfiveyears.Andtheyarelikelyto

getmore.

Thefood-deliverybusinesscanbedividedintotwocamps：mostlyprofitable

veterans（老手）andloss-makingnewcomers.Theveterans,foundedatthestartofthe

century,areledbypubliclytradedGrubhubinAmerica,andJustEatandTakeawayin

Europe.Theyaccountforthelargestshareofthemarket,offeringcustomersonline

accesstorestaurants.Theirrelativelysimplebusinessmodel,inwhichtheytakeacut

ofthebillfromtherestaurants,hasenabledGrubhubandJustEattoturnaprofitfor

years.TakeawaymakesmoneyinitshomemarketoftheNetherlands.

Thenewbies,bornmorerecently,haveturnedaonce-tidybusinessintoafood

fight.Formostofthem,deliveryistheircorebusiness,sotheysharetheircutofthe

billwithridersaswellasrestaurants.Thissubstantiallybroadensthemarketto

restaurantsbutprofitsuffers.

Theonlymouth-wateringaspectofthedeliverybusinessisitspotential

size.AccordingtoBernstein,almostathirdoftheglobalrestaurantindustryismade

upofhomedelivery,takeawaysanddrive-throughs,whichcouldbeworth$1trnby

2023.In2018deliveryamountedto$161bn,leavingplentyofroomforonlinefirmsto

expand.

Yetitisbynomeansclearifanyonecanmakemoneybydeliveringmeals.In

fact,theeconomicsmaybeevenworse.Deliverybusinesseshavewaystocuttheir

losses.Oneistodiversifyfurther,bydeliveringgroceries,flowers,booze,andeven

people,aswellasmeals.Anotheristoprovidecheapermealsbycentrallysupplying

ingredientstorestaurants.Inthedog-eat-dogworldoffooddelivery,itwillstillbe

hard.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。外賣行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，吸引了阿里巴巴表

軟銀等全球最大的富豪，但盈利的主要還是老公司，新公司往往虧損?？爝f行業(yè)

潛在規(guī)模巨大，但是送餐業(yè)務(wù)是否能夠獲利并不能確定。

8.Howcantheveteransmakeaprofit?

A.Theygetlotsofsupportfromcapitalists.

B?Theyoffercustomersgreatconvenience.

C-Theydrawapartofprofitfromrestaurants.

D.Theybalancethecomplicatedneedssuccessfully.

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句"Theirrelativelysimplebusiness

model,inwhichtheytakeacutofthebillfromtherestaurants,hasenabledGrubhub

andJustEattoturnaprofitforyears.可知，老公司是通過(guò)從餐館中抽取利潤(rùn)來(lái)賺

錢的，故C項(xiàng)正確。］

9.Whatmakesthedeliverybusinessattractive?

A.Massiveprofits.

B.Developmentprospects.

C.Satisfyingservice.

D.Efficientmanagement.

B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句"Theonlymouth-watering

aspectofthedeliverybusinessisitspotentialsize."可知，快遞業(yè)務(wù)唯一令人垂涎

的是它潛在的規(guī)模，快遞業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展前景廣闊，很有吸引力，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

10.Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardsmakingmoneybydeliveringmeals?

A.Positive.B.Definite.

C.Uncertain.D.Confident.

C［作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)尾段前兩句可知，作者并不清楚是否任何人都能通過(guò)

送餐賺錢，并認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)情況可能更糟。據(jù)此可以推知，作者對(duì)送餐賺錢持不確定

的態(tài)度，故C項(xiàng)正確。］

11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Deliverybusinessesbalancesomecomplicatedneeds

B.Mealdeliveryattractstheworld，sbiggestmoneybags

C.Thetwocampsofdeliverybusinessescompetefiercely

D.Thefood-deliverybusinessisanythingbuttastybusiness

D［標(biāo)題歸納題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文具體分析了送餐業(yè)務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀及前

景，送餐業(yè)務(wù)是否能夠獲利并不能確定，故D項(xiàng)（送餐業(yè)務(wù)絕不是香悖悖）最適合

作本文的標(biāo)題。］

D

（2021?湖南省六校聯(lián)考）Whenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weusually

getavaguesenseofwhatkindofpersontheyarebythewaytheyshakehands,talkor

walk.Intheageofsocialnetworking,however,firstimpressionsaresometimesmade

evenbeforeweactuallymeetsomeoneinperson-thatis,bylookingattheirprofile

photo.

Accordingtoarecentstudy，thesesocialimagessayalotaboutour

personality.Inthestudy,agroupofresearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniain

theUSusedsoftwaretoanalyzetheprofilepicturesof66,000usersofoneUSsocial

platform.Atthesametime,about434participantswereaskedtocompleteasurvey

abouttheirpersonalitytype.

Accordingtotheresults,openpeoplearemorelikelytoposeinanunusualway

anduseobjectssuchasglassesoraguitarintheirprofilephotobecausetheyenjoy

newandexcitingexperiences.Meanwhile,neuroticpeopleoftenholdbacktheir

negativeemotions.Theytrytoavoidshowingtheirface；instead,theyuseanimageof

somethinglikeapet,acarorabuilding.That5sbecauseneuroticpeoplearestrongly

influencedbythe“strongsocialnormagainstaverysadorangryappearancein

profilepictures”.

Apartfromtheobjectsinprofilepictures,thecolorsusedinthemalsogiveus

someinformationaboutthephoto'sowner.Forexample,extravertswerefoundto

havethemostcolorfulprofileimages,astheywanttoemphasizetheirpersonalityand

showthemselvesoff.

DanielPreoiuc-PietrofromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniawroteintheresearch

paper,“Socialmediaphotosusuallyrepresentanextensionofone'sself,butthey

alsoallowausertoshapehisorherownpersonalityandidealizedview.“So,when

choosingaprofilephoto,maybeweshouldaskourselvesfirstwhatkindofimage

we'dliketoconvey.Afterall,firstimpressionsalwayslast.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，頭像照片與性格之間有一定

的關(guān)系。性格外向者更傾向于在頭像照片中擺不尋常的姿勢(shì)，使用玻璃杯等物體，

照片的顏色也最鮮艷，而神經(jīng)質(zhì)的人經(jīng)常會(huì)抑制自己的負(fù)面情緒，避免展示臉。

12.Whydoneuroticpeopleoftenavoidshowingtheirfaceintheirprofilephoto?

A.Becausetheyarefondofpets,carsandbuildings.

B.Becausetheywanttoenjoynewexperiences.

C.Becausetheydon，twanttoexposetheirnegativeimages.

D.Becausetheyarenotconfidentaboutthemselves.

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的neuroticpeople定位到文章第三段中的

"That'sbecauseneuroticpeoplearestronglyinfluencedbythestrongsocialnorm

againstaverysadorangryappearanceinprofilepictures'“，由此可知，不申經(jīng)質(zhì)的

人避免展示他們的臉是因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)受到強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)規(guī)范的強(qiáng)烈影響，而這種社會(huì)

規(guī)范反對(duì)在頭像照片中出現(xiàn)非常悲傷或憤怒的樣子，故C項(xiàng)正確。］

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

A.Openpeople.B.Neuroticpeople.

C.Negativepeople.D.Popularpeople.

A［詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線詞所在句的后半部分說(shuō)的是因?yàn)樗麄兿霃?qiáng)調(diào)自己的個(gè)

性，展示自己，因此可推斷畫線詞意為“性格外向者”，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

14.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthechoiceofaprofilephoto?

A.Casual.B.Cautious.C.Worried.D.Unclear.

B［作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干中的“thechoiceofaprofilephoto”定位到文章最

后一段中的“So,whenchoosingaprofilephoto,maybeweshouldaskourselvesfirst

whatkindofimagewe'dliketoconvey.Afterall,firstimpressionsalwayslast.”,由

此可推知作者對(duì)選擇個(gè)人頭像照片持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

15.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?

A.Therelationshipbetweenone，sprofilephotoandhispersonality.

B?Someadviceonhowtochooseaprofilephoto.

C.Thedifferencebetweenopenpeopleandneuroticpeople.

D.Theimportanceofthefirstimpression.

A［主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要圍繞一項(xiàng)研究展開(kāi)，該研究探討

的是頭像照片與性格之間的關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

II.閱讀七選五

（2021?大連市雙基測(cè)試卷）LackingchancestopracticeEnglish?Thinkingin

Englishcanbringyouahugestepclosertofluency!Itisnotverydifficult._

Today,wewillsharesomementalexerciseswithyou.

Agoodfirststepistothinkinindividualwords.Lookaroundyou.Whatdoyou

see?

2Asyoucontinuewiththis,itbecomesahabit.Thingsaregoingtoflashinto

yourhead一computer,telephone,chair,desk,etc.,whateveritisandwhereveryou

are.

3Forexample,ifyoucouldn，tthinkoftheword“garage”,youcansayin

yourmind."TheplaceinsidewhichIputmycar"or“Ifsnexttomyhouse.Ikeep

thingsthere”.

Thenextexerciseisthinkinginsimplesentences.Forexample,whensittingina

park,youcantellyourselfthingslike,"It'ssuchabeautifulday"and"Peopleare

playing”?4Youcanalsopractisedescribingyourdailyactivities.As

beginning-levellearners,youcandescribet