電子信息工程英語(yǔ)

1觸發(fā)器---flip-flop2射極耦合邏輯emittercoupledlogic3三態(tài)緩沖器thetri-statebuffer4．運(yùn)算放大器operationalamplifier5．金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體metaloxidesemiconductor6．ElectricallyerasableprogrammableROM電可擦除可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器7.arithmeticlogicalunit算術(shù)邏輯部件8.integratedcircuit集成電路9.addresspointer地址指針10.staticrandomaccessmemory靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器DefinethefollowingexpressionsinEnglish真空管thevacuumtubeisanelectrontubefromwhichallormostofthegashasbeenremovedpermittingelectronstomovewithnoorlowinteractionwithanyremaininggasmolecules.2掩膜masksareusedinthechipmakingprocess.WhenusedwiththeUVlight,maskscreatethevariouscircuitpatternsoneachlayerofthemicroprocessor.3動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存取器DRAMconstructedasanarrayofmemorycell.Thestoragecellonlyrequiresonecapacitorandonetransistor.Thedatamustberefreshedregularlybecauseofleakage.4y=YequalsXsquared,plusahalfxcubed,plusthesquarerootofx,plusxtotheminustenthpower.5流水線技術(shù)Atechniquewherethemicroprocessorfetchesthenextinstructionbeforecompletingexecutionofthepreviousinstructioninordertoincreaseprocessingspeed.三．TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese1.Aflip-flopisbasicallyabi-statecircuitinwhicheithera0or1state……whenthesupplyvoltageisremoved.Therefore,itisvolatile觸發(fā)器是一種存儲(chǔ)0或1的雙態(tài)電路。。。2.Thesolutionwastofirstbuildanamplifierthathadmoregainthantheapplicationrequired…..ratherthantheactiveamplifier.這個(gè)解決方案是這樣的。。。這樣的話，電路增益而不是有源放大器3.Theadvantagesofthetransistoroverthevacuumtubewere….Moderncomputerindustryinmotion.和真空管相比。。。計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。4.Notransmissionfacilitycantransmitsignalswithoutlosing…wouldbereducedinamplitudebutnotdistorted.Unfortunately…所有的傳輸設(shè)備在傳輸過程中都要損失一些能量。。。振幅在傳輸過程中都會(huì)有不同程度的減弱。。。。1.觸發(fā)器2.射極耦合邏輯3.三態(tài)緩沖器4．真空管5金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體6．?dāng)U頻通信7.electricallyerasableprogrammableROM8.arithmeticlogicalunit9.integratedcircuit10.addresspointer11.dynamicrandomaccessmemory12.packetswitching13.GlobalsystemforMobilecommunications14.publicswitchedtelephonenetwork15codedivisionmultipleaccess二．DefinethefollowingexpressionsinEnglish1．半導(dǎo)體Anyofvarioussolidcrystallinesubstances….butlessthangoodconductors.2。靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器SRAMisanarrayofaddressableflip-flop…Itisusedinmicrocontrollerboards.3。內(nèi)容可尋址存儲(chǔ)器CAMconsistsofanarrayofflip-flop,….oftherowcorrespondingtotheoriginaldata.4。鐵電原理Ferroelectricispertainingtoaphenomenonexhibited…..magnitudegreaterthanacertainamountThematerialretainstheelectricpolarizationunlessitisdisturbed;5．=0Xsquared,plusshalfxcubed,plusthesquarerootofx,plusxtotheminustenthpowerequalszero.1.Aftertheinventionoftheintegratedcircuit,ittookverylittletimetorealize….powerconsumptionandspacerequirementsmanageable.集成電路發(fā)明后不久。。。集成大量晶體管的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)就是小型化。2.Anintegratoristhesimplestfiltermathematically,anditforms….whichmeansthatithasapoleatzerofrequency(Apoleexistsatanyfrequencyforwhichthetransferfunction’svaluebecomesinfinite)從數(shù)學(xué)公式上講，積分器是最簡(jiǎn)單的濾波器。。。。這意味著它在零頻率點(diǎn)上存在一個(gè)極點(diǎn)（在任何使傳輸函數(shù)為無(wú)窮大值的頻率點(diǎn)上得存在一個(gè)極點(diǎn)）3.Inanareawherethenumberofusershasgrowntothepointthat….numbersofmobileuserscongregateforafewhours.Flip-flop:觸發(fā)器Emittercoupledlogical:射極耦合邏輯Thetri-statebuffer:三態(tài)緩沖器Operationalamplifier:運(yùn)算放大器Metaloxidesemiconductor:金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體Spreadspectrumcommunication:擴(kuò)頻通信GSM：GlobalSystemforMobilecommunicationsPSTN:publicswitchedtelephonenetworkDRAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemoryPacketswitching:分組交換掩膜：Mask:maskareusedinthechipmakingprocess,whenusedwiththeUVlight,maskscreatethevariouscircuitpatternsoneachlayerofthemicroprocessor真空管：Thevacuumtubeisanelectrontubefromwhichallormostofthegashasbeenremoved,permittingelectronstomovewithnoorlowinteractionwithanyremaininggasmolecules.Pipelining；流水技術(shù)Atechniquewherethemicroprocessorfetchesthenextinstructionbeforecompletingexecutionofthepreviousinstruction,inordertoincreaseprocessingspeed.（流水線是一種在前一條指令全部執(zhí)行完之前就開始取下一條指令，以提高處理速度的技術(shù)。）Aflip-flopisbasicallyabi-statecircuitinwhicheithera0or1statecanresides.Becauseofitssimplicity,theflip-flopisextremelyfast.Asabasicelement,theflip-flopisusedindigitalcircuitsandICs.Aflip-flopwillloseitsstatewhenthesupplyvoltageisremoved.Therefore,itisvolatile.Aregisterisasetofflip-flopsinparallel.Typicallyaregisteris8,16,32or64bitswide.Oftenaregisterisusedtoholddata,addresspointers,etc.Aregisterisvolatileandveryfastjustliketheflip-flop.寄存器是一組并行觸發(fā)器。寄存器的典型數(shù)據(jù)寬度為8位、16位、32位或者64位。寄存器常用于保存數(shù)據(jù)、地址指針等。和觸發(fā)器一樣，寄存器也是“易失”的，而且速度很快。SRAM:StaticRandomAccessMemory“AnSRAMisanarrayofaddressableflip-flops.Thearraycanbeconfiguredassuchthatthedatacomesoutinsinglebit,4-bit,8bit,andetc.format.SRAMissimple,fastandvolatilejustliketheflip-flop,itsbasicmemorycell.靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器(SRAM)是一種可尋址的觸發(fā)器陣列。該陣列可配置成1位、4位、8位等數(shù)據(jù)格式。它和它的基本存儲(chǔ)單元觸發(fā)器一樣：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、存取速度快、具有易失的特點(diǎn)?！盌RAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemoryConstructedasanarrayofmemorycell,thestoragecellonlyrequiresonecapacitorandonetransistorthedatamustberefreshedregularlybecauseoftheleakage.EEPROM：ElectricallyErasablePro