2023年考研考博-考博英語-煤炭科學(xué)研究總院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-煤炭科學(xué)研究總院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Howcometheyhavethefreedomtodisruptand（）thetorchrelay,whereasOlympic-lovingpeoplehavenotthefreedomtowelcomethetorch?問題1選項(xiàng)A.destructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage2.單選題Soilonthemountainslopesisverysusceptible（）erosion.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ofB.toC.withD.by3.單選題Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.問題1選項(xiàng)A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient4.翻譯題SpaceXwillsendaspacesuit-cladcrashtestdummytotheInternationalSpaceStationaspartofatrialflightforitsCrewDragonspacecraft.Themissionwilltakeplaceon2MarchandwillalsodeliversuppliestocrewaboardtheISS.Anarrayofsensorsbuiltintothemannequin'ssuitwillhelpprovidekeydataaheadofthefirsthumanpassengersgoingaboardthecapsulelaterthisyear.Mr.MuskrevealedthecostofatickettoMarsonboardaSpaceXflightwouldbelessthan$100,000.Takingquestionsonsocialmedia,hewrote:"I'mconfidentmovingtoMars(returnticketisfree)willonedaycostlessthan$500kormaybeevenbelow$100k.LowenoughthatmostpeopleinadvancedeconomiescouldselltheirhomeonEarthandmovetoMarsiftheywant."SectionATranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.5.單選題

Putbothvegetablesintoabowland（）withapotatomasher.問題1選項(xiàng)A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack6.單選題Thiswillallowourcitizenstobuildconnectionswithpeoplesoverseasandtodevelopskillsandcontactsthatwillhelpthem（）intheglobaleconomy.問題1選項(xiàng)A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride7.單選題Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen（）hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.問題1選項(xiàng)A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble8.單選題Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.問題1選項(xiàng)A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine9.單選題Apieceofglasswasembedded（）herhand.問題1選項(xiàng)A.withB.withinC.inD.inside10.單選題Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I（1）theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto（2）afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't（3）enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour（4）wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which（5）Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's（6）.Icouldhardlywaitto（7）him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis（8）wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit（9）thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto（10）theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto（11）whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand（12）toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat（13）andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe（14）.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe（15）me:“theabsolutemostimportant（16）thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood（17）.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto（18）asituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingand（19）thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy（20）asajournalist.問題1選項(xiàng)A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown問題2選項(xiàng)A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay問題3選項(xiàng)A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired問題4選項(xiàng)A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor問題5選項(xiàng)A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant問題6選項(xiàng)A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest問題7選項(xiàng)A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat問題8選項(xiàng)A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job問題9選項(xiàng)A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible問題10選項(xiàng)A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe問題11選項(xiàng)A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare問題12選項(xiàng)A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally問題13選項(xiàng)A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment問題14選項(xiàng)A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation問題15選項(xiàng)A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised問題16選項(xiàng)A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill問題17選項(xiàng)A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments問題18選項(xiàng)A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control問題19選項(xiàng)A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate問題20選項(xiàng)A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior11.寫作題Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.12.單選題Thereisariskthat（）chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.問題1選項(xiàng)A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious13.單選題Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,it'snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.Puttingasmileonsomeone'sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesytospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.1.Accordingtotheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat（）.2.TheauthoranswersthequestioninParagraph2with（）.3.Thephrase“bustingagut”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）.4.Whichisnotmentionedasafunctionhumorplaysinlife?5.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.itmakespeoplemoreconfidentB.itcanpickuppeople'sspiritsC.itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworldD.itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers問題2選項(xiàng)A.factsanddescriptionsB.evidenceandargumentC.examplesandconclusionD.storiesandpersuasion問題3選項(xiàng)A.explainingcarefullyB.speakingloudC.keepingsilentD.laughinghard問題4選項(xiàng)A.Humorcanreducestress.B.Humorhelpstolandajoboffer.C.Humorcandrivesadnessaway.D.Humorcanmakeyourfamilyhappy.問題5選項(xiàng)A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumorB.encouragepeopletobehumorousindailylifeC.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylifeD.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife14.單選題Haveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Eventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimatemilder,manyanimalsarestillhibernating.It'stoobadthathumanscan'thibernate.Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.Apparently,attimesinthepast,peasantsinFrancelikedasemi-stateofhumanhibernation.SowritesGrahamRobb,aBritishscholarwhohasstudiedthesleepinghabitsoftheFrenchpeasants.AssoonastheweatherturnedcoldpeoplealloverFranceshutthemselvesawayandpracticedtheforgottenartofdoingnothingatallformonthsonend.Inlinewiththis,JeffWarren,aproduceratCBCRadio'sTheCurrent,tellsusthatthewaywesleephaschangedfundamentallysincetheinventionofartificiallightingandtheelectricbulb.WhenhistoriansbeganstudyingtextsoftheMiddleAges,theynoticedsomethingreferredtoas“firstsleep”,whichwasnotclarified,though.Nowscientistsaretellingusourancestorsmostlikelysleptinseparateperiods.Thebusinessofeighthours'uninterruptedsleepisamoderninvention.Inthepast,withouttheartificiallightofthecitytobathein,humanswenttosleepwhenitbecamedarkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknownas“TheWatch”.Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbors.Accordingtosomesleepresearchers,ashortperiodofinsomniaatmidnightisnotadisorder.Itisnormal.Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccursinthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.Thisperiodcanbeanextraordinarilycreativetimeforsomepeople.Theimpressiveinventor,ThomasEdison,usedthisstatetohituponmanyofhisnewideas.Playingwithyoursleeprhythmscanbeadventurous,asanxietymaysetin.Medicalsciencedoesn'thelpmuchinthiscase.Itoffersusmedicinesforafullnight'scontinuoussleep,whichsoundsnatural;however,accordingtoWarren'stheory,itisreallytheoppositeofwhatweneed.1.TheexampleoftheFrenchpeasantsshowsthefactthat（）.2.Thelatenightwascalled“TheWatch”becauseitwasatimeforpeople（）.3.ThomasEdisoniscitedtoshow（）.4.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?5.Whatismostpossiblythesourceofthisarticle?問題1選項(xiàng)A.peoplemightbecomelazyasaresultoftoomuchsleepB.thereweresignsofhibernationinhumansleepinghabitsC.peopletendedtosleepmorepeacefullyincoldweatherD.winterwasaseasonforpeopletosleepformonthsonend問題2選項(xiàng)A.tosettrapstocatchanimalsB.towakeuptheirfamilyandneighborsC.toremindothersofthetimeD.toguardagainstpossibledangers問題3選項(xiàng)A.insomniaisharmfultopeopleB.humanbeingcannotovercomeinsomniaC.ashortperiodofconsciousnessduringsleepingisnormalforhumanbeingD.greatscientistsmustsleeplesstomakegreatinventions問題4選項(xiàng)A.Sleepinthewayanimalsdo.B.Consultadoctoriftheycan'tsleep.C.Followtheirnaturalsleeprhythm.D.Keeptotheeight-hoursleeppattern.問題5選項(xiàng)A.scientificjournalsB.historybooksC.sciencefictionsD.fairytales15.單選題I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks16.單選題Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.3.By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”(Line1,Para.3),theauthormeanshethinks（）.4.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.emphasizethevalueofcommitmentB.showconcernforbadworkperformanceC.pointouttheimportanceofjobtrainingD.argueagainstfear-runworkplaces問題2選項(xiàng)A.arebigandambitiousB.arecustomer-orientedC.motivateemployeeswithrewardsD.focusontheirself-image問題3選項(xiàng)A.thenon-profitworldhashiddenrulesB.amissiontellstruthaboutacompanyC.thestatementisabsolutelyfalseD.acompanytrulygoesafterprofits問題4選項(xiàng)A.Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.B.Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.C.Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.D.Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.B.Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.C.Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.D.Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.17.單選題PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmoreimportantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.1.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“（）”.2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly（）.3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby（）.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceB.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmentC.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansD.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness問題2選項(xiàng)A.whengivenequalityofopportunityB.throughdoingbusinessC.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomD.bywayofcompetition問題3選項(xiàng)A.HonestbusinessmenB.BothbusinessmenandtheircustomersC.PeoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedomD.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment問題4選項(xiàng)A.itsabsolutecontrolofpowerB.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedomC.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvaluesD.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership問題5選項(xiàng)A.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica18.單選題Holdersofdeferredshareshavenorightstovoteatgeneralmeetingsorreceiveany（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division19.單選題Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose20.單選題The（）fortravellingwithoutaticketis￡200.問題1選項(xiàng)A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty21.單選題Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily（）intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.問題1選項(xiàng)A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire22.單選題Someparents（）educationwithexamsuccess.問題1選項(xiàng)A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality23.單選題Alltheevidence（）thathestolethemoney.問題1選項(xiàng)A.recommendsB.proposesC.suggestsD.advises24.單選題Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,（）alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.問題1選項(xiàng)A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle25.單選題Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?問題1選項(xiàng)A.compellingB.componentC.competentD.compulsive第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)destruct“毀壞”，B項(xiàng)destroy“消滅”，C項(xiàng)sabotage“蓄意破壞”，D項(xiàng)damage“損害”；句意：難道只有破壞分子干擾破壞火炬?zhèn)鬟f的自由，就沒有熱愛奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的人們?nèi)g迎火炬的自由嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】B【解析】考查介詞辨析及搭配。A項(xiàng)of“……的”，B項(xiàng)to“到、朝、對(duì)于”，C項(xiàng)with“和……”，D項(xiàng)by“由、被、到……之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蝕。besusceptibleto“易受……的影響”；因此B選項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)rough“粗糙的”，B項(xiàng)plastic“塑料的”，C項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的、刺耳的”，D項(xiàng)resilient“可迅速恢復(fù)的、堅(jiān)韌的”；句意：有些東西根本無法改變，有韌性的人能接受這一點(diǎn)，不會(huì)浪費(fèi)精力來做不可能的事。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】

SpaceX公司將把一個(gè)穿著航天服的撞擊試驗(yàn)人體模型送往國(guó)際空間站，這也是其CrewDragon載人宇宙飛船試飛任務(wù)的一部分。這次任務(wù)將于3月2日進(jìn)行，并將向國(guó)際空間站的宇航員運(yùn)送物資。該人體模型所穿的太空服上安裝了大量的傳感器。今年晚些時(shí)候，在第一批人類旅客將登上太空艙之前，這些傳感器將有助于提供重要數(shù)據(jù)。馬斯克先生透露，乘坐SpaceX宇宙飛船前往火星的票價(jià)可能會(huì)低于10萬美元。他在社交媒體上接受了人們的提問，并寫道：“我確信，將來有一天搬去火星（返程票是免費(fèi)的）的票價(jià)會(huì)低于50萬美元，甚至可能會(huì)低于10萬美元。這個(gè)票價(jià)足夠低了，發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的多數(shù)人都可以賣掉他們?cè)诘厍蛏系姆孔樱崛セ鹦?，如果他們?cè)敢獾脑挕！?.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)crash“碰撞”，B項(xiàng)crush“壓碎”，C項(xiàng)clash“沖突”，D項(xiàng)crack“使破裂”；句意：把這兩種蔬菜都放進(jìn)碗里，用搗土豆器搗碎。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)survive“生存”，B項(xiàng)strive“努力、奮斗”，C項(xiàng)thrive“繁榮”，D項(xiàng)stride“跨過”；句意：這將使我們的公民與海外人民建立聯(lián)系，發(fā)展技能和增加接觸，幫助他們?cè)谌蚪?jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中生存。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)summon“召喚”，指運(yùn)用權(quán)威或行使權(quán)力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某處，常用于正式的集會(huì)或公務(wù)等方面；B項(xiàng)untie“團(tuán)結(jié)、合并”，指將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上原本分散或?qū)α⒌氖挛锫?lián)合起來，或者指主動(dòng)聯(lián)合自己周圍的人或物，使之圍繞在自己身旁；C項(xiàng)gather“聚集”，多強(qiáng)調(diào)按照一定目的或計(jì)劃有選擇的使人或物聚集在一起；D項(xiàng)assemble“集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的培訓(xùn)后，導(dǎo)師和創(chuàng)始人可以召集數(shù)百人觀看他們公司向社會(huì)的正式介紹。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。8.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫、迫使”，B項(xiàng)comply“遵守、順從”，C項(xiàng)complain“抱怨”，D項(xiàng)combine“聯(lián)合、結(jié)合”；句意：這項(xiàng)法律可強(qiáng)制父親定期支付子女的費(fèi)用。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】C【解析】考查介詞辨析及搭配。A項(xiàng)with“和……”，B項(xiàng)within“在……之內(nèi)”，C項(xiàng)in“在……里”，D項(xiàng)inside“內(nèi)部、內(nèi)側(cè)”；句意：一塊玻璃扎在她的手上。embedin“嵌入”；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D第5題:D第6題:C第7題:B第8題:D第9題:C第10題:B第11題:C第12題:A第13題:C第14題:B第15題:A第16題:D第17題:B第18題:A第19題:D第20題:A【解析】1.【試題解析】考查上下文語義和動(dòng)詞短語。A項(xiàng)putforward“提出”，B項(xiàng)jumpedat“欣然接受，急切的接受”，C項(xiàng)triedout“試驗(yàn)、考驗(yàn)”，D項(xiàng)turneddown“減小，調(diào)低（聲音）、拒絕”；上文說Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.（我被告知教育部門為學(xué)生提供了一門免費(fèi)的課程《思考象棋》，這門課程有三個(gè)學(xué)分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受了這門課程，因此選B。2.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)waste“浪費(fèi)”，B項(xiàng)earn“獲得”，C項(xiàng)save“節(jié)省、儲(chǔ)蓄、保存”，D項(xiàng)pay“支付”；上文提到急切的接受這門課程，推斷是因?yàn)椤拔摇毕胧″X；所以此處用“save”最合適，savemoney“省錢、存錢”；因此選C。3.【試題解析】考查語義和形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)excited“感到激動(dòng)的”，B項(xiàng)worried“擔(dān)心的”，C項(xiàng)moved“感動(dòng)的”，D項(xiàng)tired“疲勞的”；通過evenifIweren’t（）enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour（）wasappealingenoughtome句子和上文“我”對(duì)免費(fèi)課程是欣然接受的態(tài)度來看，關(guān)于免費(fèi)的學(xué)分“我”是感到激動(dòng)的；句意：即使免費(fèi)的學(xué)分不足以讓我感到激動(dòng)，但關(guān)于……的消息就足夠吸引我。因此A項(xiàng)正確。4.【試題解析】考查語義和名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)title“標(biāo)題”，B項(xiàng)competitor“對(duì)手”，C項(xiàng)textbook“教科書”，D項(xiàng)instructor“指導(dǎo)員、教員”；根據(jù)下文Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster（他是一位國(guó)際象棋大師），由此看，此處需要填入的詞義為“老師/指導(dǎo)員”；因此此處D項(xiàng)正確。5.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)urge“驅(qū)策、催促”，B項(xiàng)demand“要求”，C項(xiàng)hold“持有”，D項(xiàng)mean“意味著”；根據(jù)句子Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which（）Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s…，可以推斷句意是“他是一位國(guó)際象棋大師，這意味著我將在數(shù)一數(shù)二的象棋棋手那里學(xué)習(xí)”，因此此處D項(xiàng)正確。6.【試題解析】考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法。A項(xiàng)fastest“最快速的”，B項(xiàng)easiest“最容易的”，C項(xiàng)best“最好的”，D項(xiàng)rarest“最罕見的”；根據(jù)上文“我”的導(dǎo)師是國(guó)際象棋大師，可知“我”將在數(shù)一數(shù)二的象棋棋手那里學(xué)習(xí)；oneofthebest“最好的之一、數(shù)一數(shù)二”；此處C項(xiàng)正確。7.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)interview“面試、采訪”，B項(xiàng)meet“見到”，C項(xiàng)challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”，D項(xiàng)beat“打敗”；根據(jù)句子“Icouldhardlywaitto（）him”可以知道句意“我等不及要去見他了”；can’t/canhardlywaittodosth.等不及干某事。因此此處只有B項(xiàng)正確。8.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)chance“機(jī)會(huì)”，B項(xiàng)qualification“資格”，C項(xiàng)honor“榮譽(yù)”，D項(xiàng)job“工作”；上文說MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach（MauriceAshley善良又聰明，他是以前的一位畢業(yè)生，后來回來教書），可知此處詞義是“工作”；因此D項(xiàng)正確。9.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)real“真正的”，B項(xiàng)perfect“完美的”，C項(xiàng)clear“清楚的”，D項(xiàng)possible“可能的”；根據(jù)句子hemadeit（）thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned猜測(cè)句意應(yīng)是“他給我們說清楚了這個(gè)學(xué)分會(huì)很難拿到”；makeitclear“弄清楚、說清楚”，因此此處C項(xiàng)正確。10.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)attend“參加”，B項(xiàng)pass“通過”，C項(xiàng)skip“跳躍”，D項(xiàng)observe“遵守、觀察”；上文提到這個(gè)學(xué)分很難拿到，按照邏輯，此處應(yīng)該是通過考試。句意：為了通過考試，我們必須寫一篇論文。因此B項(xiàng)符合。11.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)add“添加”，B項(xiàng)expose“暴露”，C項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用”，D項(xiàng)compare“比較”；上文說學(xué)分很難拿，本句說“我們”必須寫一篇論文，猜測(cè)句意是：我們必須寫一篇論文關(guān)于怎么把我們學(xué)的知識(shí)應(yīng)用到未來的職業(yè)生活中。此處需要填入的詞義為“應(yīng)用”；applyto“把……應(yīng)用到……”。因此C項(xiàng)符合。12.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)eventually“最終地”，B項(xiàng)naturally“自然地”，C項(xiàng)directly“直接地”，D項(xiàng)normally“正常地”；上文說“我們”寫一篇關(guān)于怎么把課堂里學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于未來職業(yè)中的論文，這里要表達(dá)的是遞進(jìn)的意思，句意是：最終我們將課堂學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用到我們的生活中。因此A項(xiàng)符合。13.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)game“游戲”，B項(xiàng)presentation“介紹”，C項(xiàng)course“課程”，D項(xiàng)experiment“實(shí)驗(yàn)”；上文談到為了通過考試，需要寫一篇論文，此處應(yīng)該與上文對(duì)應(yīng)填course，句意是：我設(shè)法在這門課程拿了個(gè)A。因此C項(xiàng)符合。14.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，B項(xiàng)classroom“教室”，C項(xiàng)department“部門”，D項(xiàng)situation“情況”；前面說到andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewell（學(xué)到的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓我受益匪淺），可以推斷“我”是在這門課學(xué)到的，這是超越課堂之外的，因此應(yīng)該填classroom；句意是：我還學(xué)習(xí)到了課堂外對(duì)我受益匪淺的生活課程。因此B項(xiàng)正確。15.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)teach“教”，B項(xiàng)write“寫”，C項(xiàng)question“提問”，D項(xiàng)promise“承諾”；根據(jù)句子TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe（）me來看，這里的he是指Ashley，即“我”的老師，老師對(duì)學(xué)生是教授。句意：十年之后，我仍然在運(yùn)用Ashley在課堂上教我的方法。因此A項(xiàng)正確。16.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fact“事實(shí)”，B項(xiàng)step“步”，C項(xiàng)manner“方式”，D項(xiàng)skill“技能”；此句句意是：你在學(xué)下棋的時(shí)候，學(xué)到的絕對(duì)重要的技能就是如何做出好的決定。因此D項(xiàng)正確。17.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)grade“分?jǐn)?shù)、等級(jí)”，B項(xiàng)decision“決定”，C項(xiàng)impression“印象”，D項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論”；此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“如何做出好的決定”；makedecision“做決定”。因此B項(xiàng)正確。18.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)analyze“分析”，B項(xiàng)describe“描述”，C項(xiàng)rebuild“重建”，D項(xiàng)control“控制”；此句oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto（）asituation表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“下棋時(shí)你的每一步都要分析形勢(shì)”。因此A項(xiàng)正確。19.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)announce“宣布”，B項(xiàng)signal“發(fā)信號(hào)”，C項(xiàng)block“阻塞”，D項(xiàng)evaluate“評(píng)估”；此句processwhatyouropponentisdoingand_thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“審清你的對(duì)手要干什么，然后評(píng)估出最好的一步”。因此D項(xiàng)符合。20.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)role“角色”，B項(xiàng)desire“欲望”，C項(xiàng)concern“涉及，關(guān)系到”，D項(xiàng)behavior“行為”；此句Thesewordsstillringtrueinmy（）asajournalist表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“現(xiàn)在這些話對(duì)我作為一名新聞?dòng)浾叩慕巧珌碚f仍然正確”；另外提到了journalist“記者”，是一種職業(yè)，所以填role符合語義。因此A項(xiàng)正確。11.【答案】略12.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)destructive“破壞性的、毀滅性的”，B項(xiàng)toxic“有毒的”，C項(xiàng)evil“邪惡的”，D項(xiàng)vicious“惡毒的”；句意：毀滅性的化學(xué)物質(zhì)有在空中爆炸的危險(xiǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。13.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“幽默的有用之處在于（）?”。第一段第一句butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.（擁有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是為了幫助我們度過生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人們的精神；A項(xiàng)“使人更自信”，文中只提到幽默可以解壓；C項(xiàng)“幫助人們擺脫殘酷的世界”，這是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用來說明幽默能讓自己在殘酷生活中緩解壓力；D項(xiàng)“幫助人們與人友好相處”，文中只是提到幽默也是一種人與人之間的禮貌，著重點(diǎn)還是在于幽默可以解壓。因此B項(xiàng)“打起/鼓舞人們的精神”正確。2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者第二段回答問題用的是什么?”。第二段的問題是Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjoke…orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?（如果你不能和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，鄰居，親密的朋友，甚至只是一個(gè)和你一起在街角商店排隊(duì)的人開玩笑，你會(huì)有什么感覺?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子來回答這個(gè)問題并且做出了結(jié)論，因此該題C選項(xiàng)“例子和結(jié)論”正確。3.【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第三段中的短語‘bustingagut’可以用哪個(gè)詞替代?”。根據(jù)第三段第二句Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.（他們周圍的人聽了這個(gè)笑話可能會(huì)在地板上打滾，但他們會(huì)坐在那里，臉上沒有一絲笑容。）結(jié)合后面Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere可以推斷出，當(dāng)他們坐在那里的時(shí)候，“我”是和他們周圍的人一樣笑得在地板上打滾。因此，可以猜出bustingagut在這里是“大笑”的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)“努力地大笑”正確。4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“下列關(guān)于幽默在生活中發(fā)揮的作用哪一項(xiàng)沒有描述？”。最后一段提到Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol（笑對(duì)于控制心理壓力的水平是很重要的），因此A項(xiàng)“幽默可以減少壓力”正確；倒數(shù)第二句提到Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.（我們都需要找到一種方法來繞過悲傷，為我們的生活帶來一點(diǎn)光明），因此C項(xiàng)“幽默可以驅(qū)散悲傷”正確；最后一句提到Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.（我相信最好的藥方是聚在一起，講一些笑話，一起開懷大笑），推斷出“幽默是可以令家人開心的”，因此D項(xiàng)正確；B項(xiàng)“幽默幫助獲得工作機(jī)會(huì)”文中沒有提到，因此該題選B。5.【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者寫這篇文章的主要意圖是什么？”。全文主要在論述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那就是擁有良好的幽默感可以幫助我們度過生活的每一天，緩解生活中的壓力；可以推斷出作者是鼓勵(lì)/建議大家變得幽默，只有B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪凶兊糜哪狈项}意。A項(xiàng)“談?wù)撟约簩?duì)幽默的理解”，文中作者有發(fā)表自己的見解，但通篇都在論述幽默對(duì)生活有幫助；C項(xiàng)“介紹一種實(shí)用方法來度過日常生活”，最后一段提到Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.（我們都需要找到一個(gè)方式來繞過悲傷給生活帶來一點(diǎn)光），這句話是鼓勵(lì)我們保持幽默，因?yàn)橛哪梢跃徑鈮毫?，但文章主旨不是介紹實(shí)用的方式，而是論述幽默的好處；D項(xiàng)“讓人們相信樂觀對(duì)待生活的力量”，文中講的是幽默，不是樂觀。因此B項(xiàng)正確。14.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“文中用法國(guó)農(nóng)民的例子來體現(xiàn)一個(gè)什么事實(shí)呢？”。第二段講述了過去的法國(guó)農(nóng)民等天氣一變冷就會(huì)把自己關(guān)在屋子里幾個(gè)月，什么都不做；這一例子是用來論證第一段的論點(diǎn)Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.”中，did指代前面提到的hibernate，表達(dá)的意思是“事實(shí)上，作為一個(gè)物種，我們都會(huì)冬眠”。A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗嗟挠X人們可能會(huì)變懶”和C項(xiàng)“在冬天人們睡得更安穩(wěn)”沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“冬天是人們可以睡好幾個(gè)月的季節(jié)”，文中只是提到天氣變冷，法國(guó)農(nóng)民就會(huì)把自己關(guān)到屋子里，并沒有說一直睡覺。因此此題B項(xiàng)正確。2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“深夜被叫作‘TheWatch’是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)時(shí)間是人們要干……的時(shí)候？”。從第五段最后一句Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbors.（那時(shí)人們實(shí)際上是在監(jiān)視野生動(dòng)物，盡管許多動(dòng)物只是四處走動(dòng)或者逗留一會(huì)。）可以看出TheWatch是代表到了人們要監(jiān)視外面可能的危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)間。A項(xiàng)“設(shè)陷阱抓動(dòng)物”，沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“叫醒他們的鄰居和家人”，文中只是提到這些動(dòng)物只是在鄰居門前逗留一會(huì)，該項(xiàng)不符合題意；C項(xiàng)“提醒其他人時(shí)間”，這個(gè)時(shí)間只是提醒守夜的人要開始監(jiān)視外面，沒有提醒其他人。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在這里引用托馬斯·愛迪生是用來表示……？”。第六段提到在午夜短時(shí)間的失眠是正常的，第三句接著提到Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleeping,whichoccursinthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.This