20166月四級(jí)真題和答案及解析解析(第一套)

.IVTranslation<30minutes>Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyourAnswerSheet2.功夫<KungFu>是中國(guó)武術(shù)<martialarts>的俗稱。中國(guó)武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要、狩獵活動(dòng)以及古代中國(guó)的軍事訓(xùn)練。它是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種,年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國(guó)文化的獨(dú)特元素。作為中國(guó)的國(guó)寶,功夫有上百種不同的風(fēng)格,是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式。有些風(fēng)格模仿了動(dòng)物的動(dòng)作,還有一些則受到了中國(guó)哲學(xué)思想、神話和傳說的啟發(fā)。注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。2016年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題〔第1套答案解析Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA>,B>,C>andD>.聽力原文:TheInternationalLaborOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.Initslatestupdateonglobalemploymenttrends,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.Thereportwarnsthat200millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthan2dollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.ThedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationJuanSomavianotesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.Andbasedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLaborOrganizationisproposingaglobaljob’sagreementtodealwithunemployment."Itskeyobjectiveistoplacethecenterofrecoveryefforts—measuresthatwouldgeneratehighlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable."Questions:Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?WhatdoesJuanSomavia,Director-GeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationsay?音頻:翻譯:國(guó)際勞工組織表示,失業(yè)人數(shù)正在增加。該機(jī)構(gòu)在最新更新的全球就業(yè)趨勢(shì)報(bào)告中表示,預(yù)測(cè)今年失業(yè)人口將從2.1億人增加至近2.4億人。該報(bào)告警告說,在過去三年中,有2億貧困工人面臨著加入每日生活費(fèi)低于2美元人群的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。國(guó)際勞工組織總干事胡安·索馬維亞指出,一些國(guó)家已經(jīng)采取措施以應(yīng)對(duì)全球危機(jī)的影響。但是,他指出仍有許多國(guó)家沒有這樣做。根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇失業(yè)率要恢復(fù)到危機(jī)前的水平,需要4到5年的時(shí)間。索馬維亞表示,為解決失業(yè)問題,國(guó)際勞工組織正在商議一個(gè)全球就業(yè)協(xié)議。"其主要目標(biāo)是把工作的重點(diǎn)放在恢復(fù)上,將采取創(chuàng)造高水平就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的措施,并為弱勢(shì)群體提供基礎(chǔ)社會(huì)保障。"問題：1.新聞報(bào)道的主要內(nèi)容是什么?2.國(guó)際勞工組織總干事胡安·索馬維亞說了什么?1.A.TheInternationalLaborOrganization'skeyobjective.B.Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.C.Risingunemploymentworldwide.D.Globaleconomicrecovery.正確答案:C解析:Q:Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?推理題。結(jié)合整段獨(dú)白內(nèi)容可知,國(guó)際勞工組織表示失業(yè)人數(shù)正在增加,并且進(jìn)一步說明一些國(guó)家為應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)已經(jīng)采取措施,而一些國(guó)家并未重視危機(jī)。對(duì)此勞工組織正商議全球性的就業(yè)協(xié)議以改善失業(yè)問題。因此C項(xiàng)"全球失業(yè)率上升"符合題意,故本題答案為C。Q:Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?2、A.Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.B.Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis.C.Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.D.Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople'slivelihood.正確答案:A解析:Q:WhatdoesJuanSomavia,Director-GeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationsay?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso"可知,一些國(guó)家已經(jīng)采取措施以應(yīng)對(duì)全球危機(jī)的影響。但是,他指出仍有許多國(guó)家并未采取相應(yīng)措施。因此A項(xiàng)"許多國(guó)家沒有采取措施以創(chuàng)造足夠的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)"符合題意。故本題答案為A。Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:BigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityhavestartedtoobeyafirst-of-its-kindrule,requiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightonthemenu.CathyNonasiswiththeNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth."Wewantedtogivepeopleanopportunitytoactuallyseethecaloriesbeforetheypurchasethefoodandmakeadecisionandinformdecision.Thatiftheywanttomaketheirhealthierchoice,iftheywanttoeatfewercalories,theycan.Andweexpectthiswillhaveahugeimpactonobesity.Andofcourse,ifithasanimpactonobesity,itwillhaveanimpactondiabetes,andheartdisease,andhighbloodpressure."Thenewruleswillbeintroducedasapartofanti-obesitycampaignthatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanonartificialtransfatsinrestaurantfood.Themenuruleonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedpotionsizesandhavefiftyormorelocationsnationwide.StartinglastSaturday,chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2,000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenus,preferablynexttotheprice.Questions:3.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiredtodoaccordingtothenewrule?4.Whatwillhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule?音頻:翻譯:紐約市的大型快餐連鎖店已經(jīng)開始遵循一項(xiàng)"第一原則"的規(guī)定,要求他們?cè)诓藛紊蠘?biāo)明卡路里含量。凱西·諾斯就職于紐約市的衛(wèi)生部門。"我們想給人們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),讓他們?cè)谧龀鲑?gòu)買食物的決定之前能夠看到食物的真實(shí)卡路里含量。如果他們想要做出更健康的選擇,如果他們想要攝入更少的卡路里,就可以做出明智的決定。并且我們預(yù)計(jì)這將對(duì)肥胖產(chǎn)生巨大影響。當(dāng)然,如果它對(duì)肥胖有影響,它將對(duì)糖尿病、心臟病和高血壓也產(chǎn)生影響。"新規(guī)定將作為反肥胖運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分被引入,該運(yùn)動(dòng)還包括最近在全市范圍內(nèi)禁止在餐館食品中使用人造反式脂肪。菜單上的規(guī)定只適用于提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)格大小、并且在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)有五十個(gè)或者是更多連鎖店的餐廳。從上個(gè)星期六開始,那些規(guī)模符合要求的連鎖店如果沒有在菜單的顯眼位置〔最好是在價(jià)格旁邊標(biāo)注卡路里信息的話,將面臨大約2000美元的罰款。問題：根據(jù)新規(guī)定紐約市的大型快餐連鎖店需要做什么？違背新規(guī)定的大型連鎖餐廳會(huì)面臨著什么問題？3、A.Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.B.Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.C.Increaseproteincontentinthefood.D.Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.正確答案:B解析:Q:WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiredtodoaccordingtothenewrule?推理題。結(jié)合整段獨(dú)白內(nèi)容可知,紐約市的大型快餐連鎖店已經(jīng)開始遵循一項(xiàng)新規(guī)定,即在菜單上標(biāo)明卡路里含量。接下來新聞指出此規(guī)定的目的作用及違規(guī)懲罰。因此選項(xiàng)B"在菜單上標(biāo)注卡路里信息"符合題意,故本題答案為B。4、A.Theywillbefined.B.Theywillbeclosed.C.Theywillgetawarning.D.Theywilllosecustomers.正確答案:A解析:Q:Whatwillhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2,000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenus,preferablynexttotheprice"可知,那些規(guī)模符合要求的連鎖店如果沒有在菜單的顯眼位置〔最好是在價(jià)格旁邊標(biāo)注卡路里信息的話,將面臨大約2000美元的罰款。因此A項(xiàng)"他們將被罰款"符合題意。故本題答案為A。Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday,butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn’tmeanpilesofdocuments.It'ssomethingmorepractical.Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit’smorethanthat.It’sanattitudeofdoingthings.Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctions,businessmodelsandprocesses.ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.Procter&Gamblehasa"CorporateInnovationFund",whichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityforitsemployees.Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeks,andspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead.Inconclusion,thearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess.It’spointlessunlessthereisarepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance.Questions:5.whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport?6.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation?7.WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&Gambleoweitssuccessto?音頻:翻譯:現(xiàn)如今,幾乎所有的公司都認(rèn)識(shí)到創(chuàng)新的重要性,但并沒有多少企業(yè)能夠?qū)?chuàng)新融入到業(yè)務(wù)中去?！渡虾Ｈ?qǐng)?bào)》的一篇評(píng)論指出,創(chuàng)新并不意味著成堆的文件。這更實(shí)際一些。這篇文章指出,很多人傾向于認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新僅僅意味著創(chuàng)造一些新的事物,但實(shí)際上它不止于此。這是一種處事的態(tài)度。一個(gè)公司不僅要在產(chǎn)品上創(chuàng)新,還要想方設(shè)法在功能、商業(yè)模式和流程中創(chuàng)新。文章以全球巨頭寶潔公司為例,指出一個(gè)真正的創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)應(yīng)該發(fā)展創(chuàng)新文化,并將其作為成功的主要工具。寶潔公司擁有"企業(yè)創(chuàng)新基金",為成功的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)創(chuàng)意理念提供了豐厚的回報(bào)?；疬€為員工提供了特殊的創(chuàng)新設(shè)施。有時(shí),員工們會(huì)從日常工作中釋放幾周,并把時(shí)間花在創(chuàng)新設(shè)施上。最后,文章指出創(chuàng)新的想法本身并不能確保成功。除非有一個(gè)可重復(fù)的過程來將靈感轉(zhuǎn)化為財(cái)務(wù)業(yè)績(jī),否則毫無意義。問題：5.根據(jù)新聞報(bào)道,許多公司面臨的問題是什么？6.很多人所認(rèn)為的創(chuàng)新是什么？7.寶潔公司將其成功之處歸功于什么？5、Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.B.Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.C.Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.D.Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.正確答案：D解析:Q:whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday,butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness"可知,幾乎所有的公司都認(rèn)識(shí)到創(chuàng)新的重要性,但并沒有多少企業(yè)能夠?qū)?chuàng)新真正融入到業(yè)務(wù)中去,因此D項(xiàng)"未能將創(chuàng)新融入業(yè)務(wù)"符合題意。故本題答案為D。6、Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.B.Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.C.Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.D.Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.正確答案:B解析:Q:Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit’smorethanthat"可知,很多人傾向于認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新僅僅意味著創(chuàng)造一些新的東西,但實(shí)際上它遠(yuǎn)不止于此。因此B項(xiàng)"創(chuàng)新就是創(chuàng)造新的東西"符合題意,故本題答案為B。7、Itshardworkingemployees.B.Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.C.Itsinnovationculture.D.Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments.正確答案:C解析:Q:WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&Gambleoweitssuccessto?推理題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess"可知,評(píng)論以寶潔公司的創(chuàng)新為例,指出一個(gè)真正的創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)應(yīng)該是發(fā)展創(chuàng)新文化,并將文化創(chuàng)新作為成功的主要工具。由此可推知,寶潔公司將其成功歸功于文化創(chuàng)新,因此C項(xiàng)"它的文化創(chuàng)新"符合題意,故本題答案為C。Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:M:So,Lyndsay,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone?W:Yeah,Itextmessagealot.M:Idon’tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI’minahurry.W:Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon’treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit’smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.If1callthem,I’llhavetohavealongconversation.M:Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I’mnotabigtalker.W:Yeah,that'strue.Youdon’ttalkalot.M:Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb?W:Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttext-messagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI’mprettyfast.Whataboutyou?M:ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmes?sageallmyfriendswhohaveone,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon11useitsomuch.I’vegotsloweractually.W:Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallysortofhastodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskedmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid?M:What?W:Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit’sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.M:Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It’sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone.Questions:Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?9.Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?10.Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?11.Whatdoesthewoman’sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?音頻:翻譯:男：林賽,你喜歡在手機(jī)上發(fā)短信嗎？女：是的,我經(jīng)常發(fā)短信。男：我不經(jīng)常這么做。如果我趕時(shí)間,我更愿意打個(gè)電話。女：是的,我是兩者都使用的。有時(shí)我真的不想和那個(gè)人說話。我只是想問他們一個(gè)問題,所以對(duì)我而言,給他們發(fā)個(gè)短信就簡(jiǎn)單多了。如果我給他們打電話的話,就不得不長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的談話。男：是的,我能明白你的意思。但是當(dāng)我打電話時(shí),我很快就會(huì)掛電話。我不是個(gè)健談之人。女：是的,這倒是真的。你話不多。男：你寫信息的時(shí)候拇指打字速度很快嗎？女：當(dāng)我第一次拿手機(jī)發(fā)信息的時(shí)候,我很慢。我以為我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)短信。但是當(dāng)人們不停地給我發(fā)短信時(shí),我覺得自己有必要學(xué)習(xí)如何發(fā)短信。所以現(xiàn)在我很快。那你呢？男：其實(shí)我和你恰恰相反。當(dāng)我擁有第一部手機(jī)的時(shí)候,我覺得給所有擁有手機(jī)的朋友發(fā)短信是一件超酷的事情,那時(shí)我拇指打字速度很快。但現(xiàn)在看來,我并不怎么用它了。實(shí)際上我變慢了。女：是的,我認(rèn)為短信實(shí)際上與你的年齡有關(guān)。例如,在高中的時(shí)候,人們經(jīng)常發(fā)短信。但我問我父親他是否發(fā)短信,猜猜他說什么？男：什么？女：他說他絕不會(huì)發(fā)短信。他認(rèn)為短信很幼稚,很不專業(yè)。男：是的,我明白他的意思了。他認(rèn)為給別人發(fā)短信非常不正式。問題：8.那位男士說了自己什么？9.那位女士在打電話時(shí)傾向于做些什么？10.為什么這位男士第一次拿到手機(jī)時(shí)會(huì)給他的所有朋友們發(fā)短信呢？11.那位女士的父親怎樣看待發(fā)短信這個(gè)問題？8、A.He’sgotaddictedtotechnology.B.Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.C.Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.D.Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.正確答案：D解析:Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?推理題。根據(jù)整段對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知,男士詢問女士是否喜歡發(fā)短信,女士表示喜歡并給出了自己的理由,男士則持相反態(tài)度,表明自己更傾向于打電話,并且自己不善言辭打電話時(shí)很快就會(huì)掛電話。由此可知,男士通話時(shí)長(zhǎng)并不長(zhǎng)。因此D項(xiàng)"他打電話不會(huì)說太久"符合題意,故本題答案為D。9、A.Talkbig.B.Talkatlength.C.Gossipalot.D.Forgetherself.正確答案:B解析:Q:Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?推理題。根據(jù)對(duì)話中"SometimesIdon’treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit’smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.If1callthem,I’llhavetohavealongconversation"可知,這位女士有時(shí)候不想打電話的原因是因?yàn)樗⒉幌牒蛯?duì)方交流,只想咨詢對(duì)方一個(gè)問題,發(fā)短信便捷簡(jiǎn)單,如果選擇通話,則不得不要聊很久。由此可推知,女士打電話時(shí)會(huì)交談很久,因此B項(xiàng)"交談很久"符合題意,故本題答案為B。10、Hethoughtitwascool.B.Heneededthepractice.C.Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.D.Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.正確答案:A解析:Q:Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話中"WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmes?sageallmyfriendswhohaveone"可知,男士說在自己擁有第一部手機(jī)時(shí),他覺得給所有擁有手機(jī)的朋友發(fā)短信是超酷的一件事。因此A項(xiàng)"他認(rèn)為這樣超酷"符合題意。故本題答案為A。11、Itposesachallengetoseniors.B.Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.C.Itischildishandunprofessional.D.Itiscoolandconvenient.正確答案:C解析:Q:Whatdoesthewoman’sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話中"Hesaidhe’dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit’sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage"可知,女士的父親表示自己從來不會(huì)發(fā)短信,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為發(fā)短信的行為很幼稚又很不正式。因此C項(xiàng)"這很幼稚并且不夠?qū)I(yè)"符合題意,故本題答案為C。Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:W:Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou?M:Well,I’dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?M:Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.I'mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.W:I’msorrytohearthat.M:And,ontopofthat,I’dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasJdonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI’dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.W:Butsurelythat’sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.M:Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon’thavesuchalotofworktodo.W:Soyoufeelhe’sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou?M:Yes,absolutely.W:HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem?M:I’vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.W:Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou’vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther,makeitclearthatyou’rejustnotacomplainer.Whydon’tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?M:Hmm,I’vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.Butanyway,I’llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI’llseewhathappensthroughthat.Thanksforyouradvice.W:Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome.Questions:12.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?13.Whatistheman'schiefcomplaint?14.Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?15.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?音頻:翻譯:女：早上好,約翰遜先生。我能幫你什么嗎？男：我想跟你談?wù)劜块T經(jīng)理蒂姆·邦德。女：似乎是有什么問題？男：從桑德拉離開了這個(gè)部門開始,我覺得我已經(jīng)有針對(duì)性的做了她所有的工作以及我自己的工作。我預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)出席太多的會(huì)議,我似乎花了很多時(shí)間去做不必要的文書工作。女：很遺憾聽到這個(gè)消息。男：最重要的是,我特意問我是否可以在上周五早些時(shí)候離開,因?yàn)槲以谶@周加了很多次班。但那天下午,即使我已經(jīng)完成了分配的工作,卻仍被告知要幫助其他同事完成他們的工作。女：但這肯定是個(gè)正面的預(yù)兆,表明邦德先生對(duì)你很信任。男：是,但其他同事可以早早離開,并且他們沒有這么多的工作要做。女：所以你覺得他真的對(duì)你提出了不切實(shí)際的要求嗎？男：是的,當(dāng)然。女：那你有沒有和邦德先生近一步談過這個(gè)問題？男：我嘗試過,但似乎他沒時(shí)間搭理我。女：在這個(gè)階段,如果你直接跟他說明,會(huì)好些。如果沒有其他跡象表示你已經(jīng)嘗試自己更進(jìn)一步的解決問題之前,請(qǐng)先明確一點(diǎn),那就是你不僅僅是個(gè)抱怨者。你為什么不發(fā)一封電子郵件請(qǐng)求和他私下會(huì)面呢？男：嗯,我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心他的反應(yīng)。但無論如何,我會(huì)給他發(fā)一封電子郵件來要求碰面,看看會(huì)發(fā)生些什么。謝謝你的建議。女：祝你好運(yùn)。告訴我們最后的結(jié)果。問題：我們從談話中了解到那位男士怎么了？該男子抱怨的主要問題是什么？這位女士如何解釋這位男士被要求幫助他的同事加班工作的這一情況？那位女士建議男士怎么做？12、A.Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.B.Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.C.Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime.D.Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.正確答案:B解析:Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?推理題。結(jié)合整段對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知,男士想要跟女士抱怨部門經(jīng)理的事情,男士指出部門經(jīng)理讓其做額外工作、加班、開會(huì),由此可推知,男士對(duì)其部門經(jīng)理很不滿意。因此B項(xiàng)"他對(duì)部門經(jīng)理不滿"符合題意,故本題答案為B。13、Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.B.Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.C.Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.D.Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.正確答案:A解析:Q:Whatistheman'schiefcomplaint?推理題。根據(jù)對(duì)話中"I’mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork"和"I’dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasJdonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI’dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too"可知,男士向女士主要抱怨自己加班、開會(huì)、寫材料等繁重的工作,本周多次加班,并且即使完成任務(wù)也被經(jīng)理告知要幫助同事繼續(xù)工作。由此可推知,男士主要抱怨自己工作任務(wù)繁重。因此A項(xiàng)"他的工作任務(wù)太過繁重"符合題意。故本題答案為A。14、A.Heneverknowshowtorefuse.B.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.C.Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.D.Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.正確答案:C解析:Q:Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話中"Butsurelythat’sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou"可知,女士認(rèn)為經(jīng)理給男士布置任務(wù)是信任男士的表現(xiàn)。因此C項(xiàng)"他的上司很信任他"符合題意。故本題答案為C。15、Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.B.Waitandseewhathappensnext.C.Learntosaynowhennecessary.D.Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.正確答案:D解析:Q:Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話"Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou’vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther,makeitclearthatyou’rejustnotacomplainer."可知,女士建議男士應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)電子郵件約談部門經(jīng)理,而不是抱怨此事。因此D項(xiàng)"首先要與老板見面約談"符合題意。故本題答案為D。Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels?Neverdisconnectingfromwork?Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights."Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer,"saysLawrenceEpstein,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears.Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness.Whenpeoplearesleep-deprived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction.saysDoctorFeliceofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AuniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosay"goodnight",sooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.Questions:16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday’sAmericans?18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?音頻:翻譯:睡眠質(zhì)量的大幅下降是發(fā)生得如此緩慢而平靜,以至于很少有人注意到這種趨勢(shì)。這是因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)、電子游戲和沒完沒了的電視頻道的吸引力越來越大了、并且從未中斷工作嗎？無論如何,數(shù)百萬美國(guó)人正在把自己的健康、生活質(zhì)量、甚至壽命都置于危險(xiǎn)當(dāng)中。新的證據(jù)表明,為何獲得足夠的睡眠是首要任務(wù)。大約有40%的美國(guó)人在一周之中晚上的睡眠時(shí)間少于7個(gè)小時(shí)。哈佛大學(xué)睡眠專家勞倫斯·愛潑斯坦說："睡眠與健康、睡眠質(zhì)量不佳和疾病之間的關(guān)聯(lián)愈發(fā)清晰。"例如,睡眠時(shí)間從20世紀(jì)50年代的8小時(shí)減少到近年來的7小時(shí)。與此同時(shí),高血壓已然成為一個(gè)越來越嚴(yán)重的問題。在睡眠期間的血壓和心率通常處于最低水平。睡眠不足者往往有較高的血壓、心臟病發(fā)作、糖尿病、體重增加等問題。睡得更好可能有助于抵抗疾病。芝加哥西北大學(xué)的費(fèi)利斯博士說："當(dāng)人們睡眠不足時(shí),體內(nèi)的應(yīng)激激素水平就會(huì)升高,從而降低免疫功能。"芝加哥大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究表明,睡眠良好的人壽命更長(zhǎng)。所以,早點(diǎn)說"晚安",可以幫助你保持活力,并且,早睡對(duì)晚年而言至關(guān)重要。問題：16.說話者討論的主題是什么？17.我們從短文中了解到了當(dāng)今美國(guó)人的什么方面？18.說話者在文中提到睡眠不足的人會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況？16、Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.B.ReasonsforAmericans'declineinsleep.C.Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.D.Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.正確答案:A解析:Q:Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?推理題。結(jié)合整段獨(dú)白可知,短文提出了睡眠時(shí)間減少的問題,并指出原因,且引用例證論證睡眠的重要性。由此可推知,短文的主要內(nèi)容是講述睡眠對(duì)健康生活的重要性。因此A項(xiàng)"睡眠對(duì)于健康生活的重要性"符合題意。故本題答案為A。17、Theyaremorehealth-conscious.B.Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.C.Theygetlessandlesssleep.D.Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.正確答案:C解析:Q:Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday'sAmericans?推理題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights"和"sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears"可知,大約有40%的美國(guó)人在一周之中晚上的睡眠時(shí)間不足7個(gè)小時(shí),睡眠時(shí)間從20世紀(jì)50年代的8小時(shí)減少到近年來的7小時(shí)。由此可推知,當(dāng)今美國(guó)人的睡眠時(shí)間愈發(fā)減少。因此C項(xiàng)"他們睡得越來越少"符合題意。故本題答案為C。18、A.Theirweightwillgodown.B.Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.C.Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.D.Theirbloodpressurewillrise.正確答案:D解析:Q:Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?推理題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems"可知,睡眠不足者容易患高血壓、心臟病、糖尿病等疾病,還會(huì)出現(xiàn)體重增加和一些其他問題。由此可推知,缺乏睡眠的人血壓會(huì)升高。因此D項(xiàng)"血壓會(huì)上升"符合題意。故本題答案為D。Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity.Butinthesamebreathwewillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements?ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityourap?plicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement.Thisisyourchancetoconveyboundlessenthusiasmforthesub?ject.Soeconomyofexpressionisforemost.Omitdullandineffectivegeneralitiesandmakesureyougiveconcreteexamples.Admissionsofficersreadeverypersonalstatementthatarrives.Itisnotconvincingifyousayyouhavechosenthesubjectbecauseyouenjoyit.Youhavetogetacrosswhatitisaboutaparticularareathathasinspiredyou.Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.Applicantsshouldbehonest.Thereisnopointsayingyourunmarathons,ifyouaregoingtobeoutofbreatharrivingattheinterviewonthesecondfloor.Questions:19.Whatisthefirstdecisionyoushouldmakeinpreparingtoapplyforaplaceatauniversity?20.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftheapplication?21.Whatmustapplicantsdointheirpersonalstatements?音頻:翻譯:在申請(qǐng)大學(xué)時(shí),父母和老師會(huì)告訴你不要擔(dān)心。但是同時(shí),我們會(huì)提醒你,這是你一生中最重要的決定。第一個(gè)重要決定就是選課。這取決于你想要從大學(xué)中學(xué)到什么,你擅長(zhǎng)什么以及你喜歡什么。下一個(gè)決定是申請(qǐng)哪里。目標(biāo)要高,但要在合理的范圍內(nèi)。你是否有正確的學(xué)科組合,你的預(yù)期成績(jī)是否符合入學(xué)要求？截止日期是1月15日。但你最好盡早提交申請(qǐng),因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)從申請(qǐng)表格可以進(jìn)行遞交就已經(jīng)進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)。申請(qǐng)中最重要的部分是令人擔(dān)憂的個(gè)人陳述。這是你表達(dá)對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)科無限熱情的機(jī)會(huì)。因此,表達(dá)的精準(zhǔn)性是最重要的。省略枯燥和無效的概括,并確保給出的是具體的例子。招生考官會(huì)閱讀所有收到的個(gè)人陳述。如果你說你選擇這個(gè)學(xué)科是因?yàn)槟阆矚g它,那是不具備說服力的。你必須弄清楚某個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域?qū)δ愕膯l(fā)。他們將尋找你對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)科有所思考的證據(jù)。申請(qǐng)者應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)。如果你在到達(dá)二樓面試時(shí)就已經(jīng)累得氣喘吁吁,那么你說自己是馬拉松選手,這是毫無意義的。問題：19.在準(zhǔn)備申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的過程中,你首先要做的抉擇是什么？20.申請(qǐng)過程中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)是什么？21.申請(qǐng)人在個(gè)人陳述中必須做些什么？19、A.Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.B.Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.C.Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.D.Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.正確答案:B解析:Q:Whatisthefirstdecisionyoushouldmakeinpreparingtoapplyforaplaceatauniversity?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse"可知,第一個(gè)重要決定就是選課。因此B項(xiàng)"選擇怎樣的課程"符合題意。故本題答案為B。20、Thelistofcoursesstudied.B.Thefullrecordofscores.C.Thereferencesfromteachers.D.Thepersonalstatement.正確答案:D解析:Q:Whatisthemostimportantpartoftheapplication?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement"可知,申請(qǐng)中最重要的部分是令人擔(dān)憂的個(gè)人陳述。因此D項(xiàng)"個(gè)人陳述"符合題意。故本題答案為D。21、A.Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.B.Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.C.Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.D.Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity.正確答案:C解析:Q:Whatmustapplicantsdointheirpersonalstatements?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"Youhavetogetacrosswhatitisaboutaparticularareathathasinspiredyou.Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject"可知,個(gè)人陳述中需闡述清楚學(xué)科中哪些地方激發(fā)了你的興趣,以此使得你的個(gè)人陳述更具說服力,主考官會(huì)根據(jù)你的個(gè)人陳述尋找到你對(duì)本學(xué)科有所思考的證據(jù)。因此C項(xiàng)"表明申請(qǐng)者對(duì)所申請(qǐng)學(xué)科已經(jīng)有所思考"符合題意。故本題答案為C。Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.聽力原文:ItisusuallyagreedthataGerman,CarlBensbuiltthefirstmotorcarin1885.Itwasactuallyatricyclewithapetrolmotorattherear.Soon,membersoftheroyalfamilyandotherwealthypeopletookupmotoringasasport.Manyoftheearlycarshadtwoseats.Therewerenopetrolpumpsandfewgarages,soeverydriverhadtobehisownengineerforthefrequentbreakdowns.By1905,carsbegantolooklikecarsoftoday,withheadlamps,windscreen,rubbertyresandnumberplates.HenryFord’sModelTintroducedinAmericain1909wascheaperbecauseitwasmadeontheassemblyline.Itbroughtcarsclosertowardsthereachofordinarypeople.Withthepopularityofthecar,registrationbecameamustin1903withtheMotorCarAct.Competencytestswereintroducedin1935.Today,thelegaldrivingageforacarintheUKis17.Youarenotallowedtodriveacarunsuperviseduntilyouhavepassedadrivingtest.In1958,Britaincelebratedtheopeningofitsfirstmotorway—thePrestonBypass.Untilthen,noonereallyunderstoodwhatamotorwaywas,noteventhelaborerswhowerebuildingit.Thebypassheldanewerainmotortravelandwasgreetedwithexcitementandoptimism.Servicestationscamewiththemotorwayandthelegendofthetransportcafewasborn.Ofcourse,theservicestationhasdiversifiedgreatly.Butwhetherit’sanEnglish-cookedbreakfastoracoffeeandasandwich,onethinghasremainedthesame:theprices.Questions:22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefirstmotorcar?23.WhatwastheproblemwiththeearlycarsinBritain?24.WhydidHenryFord'sModelTcarscostless?25.WhatdowelearnaboutthePrestonBypass?音頻:翻譯:人們通常會(huì)認(rèn)為是德國(guó)人卡爾·本茨在1885年制造了第一輛汽車。它實(shí)際上是一輛三輪1車,后部裝有汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。不久,皇室成員和其他富有之人就開始了開車并當(dāng)作一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。早期的許多汽車有兩個(gè)座位。沒有汽油泵和汽車修理站,所以每個(gè)司機(jī)都必須成為他自己的汽車修理工以應(yīng)對(duì)頻發(fā)的各種故障。到了1905年,汽車開始像今天的汽車那樣,有了前頭燈、擋風(fēng)板、橡膠輪胎和車牌。到1909年,在美國(guó)引進(jìn)的亨利·福特T型車價(jià)格更為便宜,因?yàn)樗窃诹魉€上生產(chǎn)的。它使汽車更接近普通人的生活。隨著汽車的普及,1903年的汽車法案使注冊(cè)成為必然。能力測(cè)試是在1935年推出的。如今,英國(guó)的法定駕駛年齡是17歲。在你通過駕駛考試之前,你是不允許駕駛汽車的。1958年,英國(guó)慶祝其第一個(gè)機(jī)動(dòng)車道——普雷斯頓旁道的開通。在那之前,沒有人真正理解什么是機(jī)動(dòng)車道,甚至連那些正在建造它的勞動(dòng)者們也不了解。旁道開啟了汽車旅行的新紀(jì)元,人們以興奮和樂觀的態(tài)度迎接它的到來。服務(wù)站伴隨著機(jī)動(dòng)車道應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,交通咖啡館的傳奇也誕生了。當(dāng)然,服務(wù)站已經(jīng)有了很大的多樣化。但是不管是英式早餐還是咖啡和XX治,有一樣?xùn)|西都是一樣的：價(jià)格。問題：22.關(guān)于第一輛汽車,說話者說些了什么?23.早期的英國(guó)汽車存在哪些問題?24.為什么亨利·福特的T型車價(jià)格比較低?25.關(guān)于普雷斯頓旁道,我們了解到了什么?22、A.Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.B.Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.C.ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.D.ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.正確答案:B解析:Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefirstmotorcar?細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)獨(dú)白中"CarlBensbuiltthefirstmotorcarin1885"可知,卡爾·本茨在1885年制造了第一輛汽車,1885年是19世紀(jì)末期。由此可推知,B項(xiàng)"它的制成年代為19世紀(jì)末期"符合題意。故本題答案為B。23、Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.B.Theytooktwopassengersonl