北京高考英語真題及答案解析匯編：七選五（2017-2021年）

七選五

(2017年北京真題〉

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfbggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedto

sleep,theydiewithinamonth.(71)

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.(72)Weknowthat,while

awake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(力口強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthe

memoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingfbratheoiythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)

inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.

______(73)

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.(74)Thesynapsesinthemice

takenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showing

thattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharder

thenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornew

experiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthe

synapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayed

thesamesize.(75)“Youkeepwhatmatters,“Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.

B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.

C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.

D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.

E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.

F.”Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.

G.Tononi9steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.

（2018年北京真題）

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthese

causescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangry

aretriggering(觸發(fā))events,personalitytraits(特征)，andourassessmentofsituations.(51)

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.

However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencing

physicalpain,andmuchmore.(52)Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingand

othersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohave

personalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelyto

getangry.(53)Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,but

ratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccuiTed.

(54)Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.

Sometimesignoranceandnegative(1肖極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.

(55)However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforanger

toappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateour

levelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsfor

ourfeelings.

A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.

B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.

C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.

D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeel

angry.

E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundof

yourmind.

F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselves

withacriticaleye.

G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmay

ormaynottriggeranother.

(2019年北京真題)

Muchoftheworkintoday?sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethe

bestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.(46)

Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

(47)Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.For

footballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothe

pointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginsto

decline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeeps

improvingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformance

byateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.

(48)Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.

Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereis

toomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentask

interdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpoint

total,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affecting

theteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIin

TEAM."(49)

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakeless

effort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔7可比賽)，wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepulls

theropewithlessforce.

(50)AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousB

playersaswell.

A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers9attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

(2020年北京真題)

Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandand

ignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayan

individualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoften

unawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(46)

Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveview

onanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.

Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandin

whattheydo.

(47)Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans(壽命)，lowerratesof

depressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheart

problems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.

(48)Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedby

strongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbuffer(緩沖作用)

againstdepressionandanxiety.Resilient(適應(yīng)，性強(qiáng)的)peoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreat

everyproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityfbr

personalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditional

stress.(49)

Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesand

improvingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenan

individualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(50)Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingway

bringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.

A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.

B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.

C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.

D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.

E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividuafsbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.

F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.

G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.

(2021年北京真題)

Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimefbrmanypeople.(35)The

mentalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmany

otherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

(36)However,fbrthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.

Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.

This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.(37)Whilethe

validityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.

Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelp

withhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.

Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation(推測)thatit'snotthestyleofmusic,but

ratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participants

listenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.(38)On

theotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants9stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerand

theeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

(39)Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbe

beneficialfbr,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.

A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.

B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.

C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.

D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.

E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.

F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.

G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.

專題04七選五

(2017年北京真題)

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedto

sleep,theydiewithinamonth.(71)

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.(72)Weknowthat,while

awake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(力口強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthe

memoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)

inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.

______(73)

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.(74)Thesynapsesinthemice

takenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showing

thattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharder

thenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornew

experiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthe

synapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayed

thesamesize.(75)“Youkeepwhatmatters/9Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.

B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.

C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.

D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.

E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.

F.”Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning/9saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.

G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.

71.【答案】C

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解題語句：空前一句；考查方式：前后內(nèi)容的相關(guān)性?？?/p>

前句中舉例說明了實(shí)驗(yàn)室小白鼠不睡覺導(dǎo)致壽命變短的事實(shí)，橫線處的例子和前句內(nèi)容并列,

句型一致；故此題正確答案是C。

7

72.【答案】E

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前一句和空后一句；考查方式：上下文邏輯。

空前句說明睡眠能夠加強(qiáng)記憶，橫線處以學(xué)生睡眠后考試成績優(yōu)異的現(xiàn)象為例，來說明睡眠

加強(qiáng)記憶的觀點(diǎn)。此外，空后句也表明人們在睡覺醒來后，相對更新鮮的記憶會被加強(qiáng)，也

是對橫線處例子的進(jìn)一步解釋；故此題正確答案是E。

73.【答案】F

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解題語句：文章第四段開頭句；考查方式：代詞指代。第

四段第一句中第一次出現(xiàn)了人稱代詞he,應(yīng)該明確指代橫線處的人物GiulioTononi,上下文

內(nèi)容應(yīng)該一致；故此題正確答案是F。

74.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：句子在段落中的作用。

空后內(nèi)容講述了相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體過程和結(jié)果，橫線處的內(nèi)容是對后文內(nèi)容的概括，也是對前

文的過渡；故此題正確答案是G。

75.【答案】B

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：前后文邏輯?？蘸缶鋬?nèi)

容"YoukeepwhatmattersM表明人們保留了最重要部分的記憶,和B選項(xiàng)中"thebrainis

preservingitsmostimportantmemories”內(nèi)容一致；故此題正確答案是B。

8

(2018年北京真題)

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthese

causescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangry

aretriggering(觸發(fā))events,personalitytraits(特征)，andourassessmentofsituations.(51)

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.

However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencing

physicalpain,andmuchmore.(52)Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingand

othersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohave

personalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelyto

getangry.(53)Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,but

ratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.

(54)Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.

Sometimesignoranceandnegative(1肖極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.

(55)However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforanger

toappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateour

levelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsfor

ourfeelings.

A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.

B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.

C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.

D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeel

angry.

E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundof

yourmind.

F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselves

withacriticaleye.

G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmay

ormaynottriggeranother.

51.【答案】F

9

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解題語句：空前兩句；考查方式：與上文承接。首段第二

句話說明了解憤怒的原因有助人們檢測自己的行為并糾正壞習(xí)慣，第三句話具體分析了憤怒

產(chǎn)生的原因，即觸發(fā)事件、個(gè)性特征以及對客觀情況的評估。F選項(xiàng)中的Understandingthese

reasons與第二句中的Knowingthesecauses以及第三句中的mainreasons對應(yīng)，同時(shí)F選

項(xiàng)中的controlourownanger和第二句中的correctbadhabites對應(yīng)，另外F選項(xiàng)中的

evaluateourselves和第二句中的examineourbehavior對應(yīng)；故正確答案是F。

52.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：句意復(fù)現(xiàn)。空后句說明

的是一些人容易受到觸發(fā)事件影響而其他人不會受到影響的原因與個(gè)人歷史以及心理特征

有關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)中的whattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother與空后句中的

someoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersiirenot對應(yīng)；故正確答案是G。

53.【答案】E

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前及空后各一句；考查方式：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?？?/p>

前句說明具有某些性格特征的人更容易生氣，E選項(xiàng)中的Havingthesepersonalitytraits與空

前句中的havepersonalitytraits一致，同時(shí)，E選項(xiàng)中的pre-angerstate與空后句中的

pre-anger以及butratheracontemporarystate-致；故正確答案是E。

54.【答案】A

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：與下文承接?？蘸髢删?/p>

說明某些平常事件會產(chǎn)出憤怒情緒，有時(shí)候無知以及對于事件的負(fù)面看法也會導(dǎo)致憤怒出現(xiàn),

同時(shí)結(jié)合首段提出的主要原因有assessmentofsituations可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)說明個(gè)人對

于事件的評估也會導(dǎo)致憤怒情緒的產(chǎn)生；故正確答案是Ao

55.【答案】D

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：與下文承接。根據(jù)空后

句的However可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)與空后句內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)中的maybepeople

thinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry與空后句內(nèi)容“了解憤怒的原因后以便阻止憤怒情緒

的產(chǎn)生”互為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；故正確答案是D。

（2019年北京真題）

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethe

io

bestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.(46)

Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

(47)Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.For

footballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothe

pointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginsto

decline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeeps

improvingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformance

byateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)'調(diào))theiractions.

(48)Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.

Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereis

toomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentask

interdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpoint

total,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affecting

theteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIin

TEAM."(49)

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakeless

effort.Justasinagameoftug?of?war(拔＞可比賽)，wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepulls

theropewithlessforce.

(50)AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousB

playersaswell.

li

A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers9attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

46.【答案】B

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承上啟下?？涨耙?/p>

句表明，“人們普遍認(rèn)為構(gòu)建優(yōu)秀團(tuán)隊(duì)最好的方式是聚集頂級人才”，空后一句表明，“公司花

費(fèi)天價(jià)雇傭頂級商業(yè)人才”，B選項(xiàng)說的是“球隊(duì)所有者花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬美金招納頂級球員”，與

前句形成承接，同時(shí)與后句出現(xiàn)的"CompaniesspendmillionsM形成并列關(guān)系；故正確答案

是Bo

47.【答案】E

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：引出下文。段首句一般

為文段的概括，引出下文。選項(xiàng)E“近來一些研究檢測了天才在體育界的作用”，其中的名詞

“studies”對應(yīng)空后一句的代詞“they”；故正確答案是E。

48.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承接上文，引出下

文?？涨耙痪浔砻?，“為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索隊(duì)員的協(xié)調(diào)程度對團(tuán)隊(duì)表現(xiàn)的影響”

中的ucoordinatetheiractionsM與選項(xiàng)G“taskinterdependencen文意對應(yīng)，同時(shí)空后舉例論

證選項(xiàng)G的觀點(diǎn)；故正確答案是G。

49.【答案】D

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解題語句：空前一句；考查方式：承接上文?？涨耙痪浔?/p>

明“年幼的兒童在學(xué)習(xí)團(tuán)體運(yùn)動時(shí)經(jīng)常被告知，在團(tuán)隊(duì)中沒有，我"，這句引語對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D的

principle"；故正確答案是D。

50.【答案】F

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：引起下文。段首句一般

為文段的概括，引出下文。選項(xiàng)中表明“建立一個(gè)夢之隊(duì)比僅僅是招聘最好的人才更繁瑣”,

12

空后一句表明“一個(gè)優(yōu)秀團(tuán)隊(duì)要求平衡一一不僅有優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動員也需要一些資質(zhì)平平的運(yùn)動員”,

選項(xiàng)與后文的文意匹配；故正確答案是Fo

(2020年北京真題)

Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandand

ignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayan

individualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoften

unawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(46)

Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveview

onanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.

Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandin

whattheydo.

(47)Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans(壽命)，lowerratesof

depressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheart

problems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.

(48)Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedby

strongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbuffer(緩沖作用)

againstdepressionandanxiety.Resilient(適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的)peoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreat

everyproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityfor

personalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditional

stress.(49)

Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesand

improvingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenan

individualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(50)Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingway

bringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.

13

A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.

B.Negativeself^talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.

C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.

D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.

E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.

F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.

G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.

46.【答案】B

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承上啟下?？涨耙?/p>

句意思是，“自我對話是一個(gè)人對某些事件、現(xiàn)象、人物群體乃至自身無意識、不確定而產(chǎn)生

的連續(xù)思維意識流”，以此引出“self-talk”；空后一句意思是，“與此同時(shí)，積極的思維方式

有助于阻止消極性的自我對話，并有助于人們對事物形成積極性的觀點(diǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)說的是“消

極性自我對話破壞自信心和自尊心”,與前句的引入性內(nèi)容形成邏輯順承，同時(shí)與后句positive

thinking的好處構(gòu)成邏輯銜接；故正確答案是Bo

47.【答案】D

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解題語句：空后一句；考查方式：引出下文。段首句一般

為文段或空后幾句的概括，引出下文。選項(xiàng)D”積極性思維對身心有著多重益處”，后面一

句的意思是“有著積極性思維的人往往更長壽、抑郁焦慮度低、整體健康狀況更優(yōu)且重度心

臟病發(fā)病率低”，可以看出，D中beneficialeffects與后句正向影響對應(yīng)，故正確答案是D。

48.【答案】C

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承接上文，引出下

文。空前一句表明，“積極性思維對一個(gè)人的危機(jī)處理能力也非常有助益”，空后一句又舉例

說“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在伴有強(qiáng)烈情緒波動的危機(jī)面前，積極性思維可以極好地幫助人們對抗

抑郁和焦慮的發(fā)生"，C選項(xiàng)"it”對應(yīng)前面的positivethinking,“difficultsituation，T對應(yīng)后

面的crisis等困難狀況。前句的contributeto和選項(xiàng)中的help與后句表達(dá)均為正向作用的

對應(yīng)；故正確答案是Co

49.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解題語句：空前一句；考查方式：承接上文?？涨耙痪浔?/p>

明''悲觀主義者與樂觀主義者的表現(xiàn)完全相反，他們往往把問題看做額外的壓力”，而G選

14

項(xiàng)的意思是“他們在嘗試解決很小的問題前，往往就會感到沮喪”，G選項(xiàng)“they”

對應(yīng)前面的“pessimists”，前一句的uadditionalstress^和G選項(xiàng)中的“feeldiscouraged”同

為負(fù)面態(tài)度的對應(yīng)；故正確答案是Go

50.【答案】A

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解題語句：空前兩句，空后一句；考查方式：承上啟下。

選項(xiàng)A的意思是“它也不會導(dǎo)致任何嚴(yán)重的情緒問題”，空前兩句的意思是“總而言之，積

極性思維是人們處理問題和提升自身生活品質(zhì)的重要工具，它和個(gè)人對問題視而不見的盲目

樂觀沒什么關(guān)系”；空后一句意思是“以一種積極的自我鼓勵(lì)的方式思考，可以非常有益于

我們的身心健康”，選項(xiàng)A與前后文的文意匹配度非常高，同時(shí)，"doesn'thave"和選項(xiàng)

中“doesn'tcause,?,either,,也有結(jié)構(gòu)對應(yīng)，A選項(xiàng)中的“It”也體現(xiàn)了代詞的明顯指代性功

能；故正確答案是Ao

(2021年北京真題)

Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.(35)The

mentalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmany

otherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

(36)However,fbrthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.

Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.

This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.(37)Whilethe

validityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.

Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusicev