Unit4+詞匯、短語、語法知識點梳理及拓展 人教版英語八年級下冊

英語張老師專用講義八下unit4知識點及拓展詞匯拓展wrong(adj.)—____________________(反義詞，正確的)relation(n.)—____________________(n.關系)communicate(v.)—____________________(n.交流)argue(v.)—____________________(n.爭論，爭吵)cloud(n.)—____________________(adj.多云的)old(adj.)—____________________(adj.年紀較長的)offer(v.)—____________________(近義詞)proper(adj.)—_______________(adv.合理地)—_____________（不合理的，不合適的）secondly(adv.)—____________________(adj.第二)—____________________(n.秒)explain(v.)—____________________(n.解釋)pressure(n.)—____________________(n.近義詞)—____________________(v.按，壓)compete(v.)—____________________(n.比賽)—____________________(n.競爭者)—____________________(adj.有競爭力的)opinion(n.)—____________________(近義詞)skill(n.)—____________________(adj熟練的)typical(adj.)—____________________(adv.典型地)quick(adj.)—____________________(adv.快)—____________________(近義詞)push(v.)—____________________(反義詞)development(n.)—(v.)—adj—adjusual(adj.)—(adv.通常)—(反義詞，adj.不尋常的)perhaps(adv.)—(近義詞)21.clearadj.—(adv.清晰地，明顯地)—（adj.不清楚的，不確定的）22.normaladj.—____________________adv.—____________________(反義詞)-用所給詞的適當形式填空。Thoughitwasraining,theycontinued(work)inthefield.Noneofthemtookpartinyesterday’sEnglishspeech(compete).Ihadan(usual)experiencelastnight.Icouldn’tbelieveitatall.Themanisa(skill)workerandweshouldlearnfromhim.Let’sbookthewindowseatssothatwemayseethennightskymore(clear).Iwillnottakethisbag.Firstly,itisexpensive,and(second),it'snotofgoodquality.EricandFrankstopped(argue)whentheysawtheteachercomingintotheclassroom.Wedon’thaveanyfreetime(do)thethingwelike.(what)Ido,myparentsalwaysencouragemetogetoutofdifficulties.Wemadeanimportant(decide)attheendofthemeeting.It'snotright(copy)others'homework.Whenpeoplehavedifferentideas,(argue)isofnouse.Althoughtheinternetmakesourlifeeasier,itsometimes(cause)troubletous.Good(communicate)isimportantforbusiness(業(yè)務).Itried(pull)onehandfreeandfinallymanaged(break)theropes.WemustbeproudofbeingaChinesetoseethegreat(develop)ofourcountry.Idon’tseeany(relate)betweenthetwoproblems.ThoughJackisyoung,hecanplaytheviolinaswellashis(old)brother.Asteenagers,weshouldmanageourtime(proper)andneverputofftoday’sworktilltomorrow.Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.Andtheyarealways(compare)themwithotherchildren.短語復習有空閑時間__ 2.允許人做某事3.與某人閑逛 4.課外活動課___5.與某人吵架/打架 6.和…比較7.與某人交談 8.生某人的氣__9.給某人寫信 10.打電話給某人12.令某人驚訝 12.翻看，瀏覽_13.成功地發(fā)展；解決 14.和睦相處；關系良好_15.主動提出做某事 16.以便_______17.介意某人做_ 18.一直______19.今后______ 20.使某人生氣21.擔心某事_ 22.進入，走進_23.給某人施壓 24.與某人吵架25.與某人競爭 26.取得更好的成績27.提出某人的觀點 28.學習應試技巧29.體育訓練___ 30.刪除______-即時練習在我看來，我們應該每天打掃我們自己的房間。,weshouldcleanourownroomeveryday.我爸媽不允許我晚上與朋友出去閑逛。Myparentsdon’tmewithmyfriendsatnight胡老師正在給學生們發(fā)新書。Mr.Hunownewbookstothestudents盡管她做得不對，但也沒什么了不起的。she'swrong,it'snot.關于這件事，你應該向你的老師解釋。Aboutthething,youyourteacher.我今天早上上課遲到了，所以老師生我的氣了。Iwaslateforclassthismorning,sotheteacherme.由于污染，許多人擔心他們的健康。Manypeoplebecauseofthepollution.當我離開家的時候，我總是感到孤獨和焦慮。IalwaysfeelwhenIamawayfromhome.如果你的父母遇到問題，你應該主動提供幫助。Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshould.很多孩子不喜歡和他們的父母交流。Manychildrendon'tliketheirparents.這個問題太困難了。我認為我們找不到一種新的方法來解決它。Thisproblemissodifficult.Idon’tthinkwecanfindanewway______.我不得不在學校和同學競爭，因為我的父母總是把我和其他孩子比較。Ihavetoclassmatesatschoolbecausemyparentsalways_____otherchildren.每個人都喜歡鮑勃，因為他能和其他同學相處得很好。EverybodylikesBobbecausehecanotherclassmates.花更多的時間在你學習上面，然后你可以取得更好的成績。Spendmoretimeonyourstudyandyoucan__.隨著5G技術的發(fā)展，我們的日常生活變得越來越方便。_5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecomemoreandmoreconvenient.這兩個人過去常常互相爭論，以證明誰更強壯。Thetwomeneachothertoprovewhoisstronger.期末考試即將到來。你應該恰當?shù)赜媱澞愕臅r間，并且你會成功的。Thefinalexamiscoming.Youshouldandyouwillmakeit.史密斯先生是個殘疾人。但在一名志愿者的幫助下，他過著正常的生活。Mr.Smithisadisabledperson.Butwiththehelpofavolunteer,he.對于孩子來說，沒有必要有太多的壓力。最好刪掉一些課外課程。Thereisnoneedforkidstohavetoomuchpressure.afewafter-schoollessons.當你演講時，你應該說話比平時更大聲，以便大家都容易聽到你的聲音。Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshouldspeakinordertomakeeveryonehearyoueasily.三、知識詳解competev.比賽_____________________________為得到某物與某人競爭Hecompetedagainsthisbestfriendforthefirstprize.【練習】完成句子梁博在“中國好聲音”中獲得冠軍。LiangBowas___________________oftheVoiceofChina.allow允許，許可allow常見用法如下：(1)_____________________________.“允許某人做某事”Myparentsallowmetogooutatnight._____________________________“允許做某事”+v_ingThelibrarydoesn’tallowtakingloudly.allow+名詞Wecan’tallowsuchathing.【練習】Theyoungshouldbeallowed__________(achieve)theirdreamsontheirown.Doyouoftenallow_______until11:00p.m.?tostayupB.stayupC.stayingupD.andstayup1.我的父母不允許我上學的晚上上網(wǎng)。___________________________________________________.2.他們不允在這條街上停車。___________________________________________________________.workout產(chǎn)生……效果，進展……Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.【拓展】workout“__________________”Heworkedouttheanswerbycomputingagain,butmorecarefully.You’dbetterworkoutaplantoimproveyourwritingskills.【練習】保持句意基本不變Jessicasolvedthephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.Jessica_________________thephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.4.getonwith……“與……相處”+sth“進展”=___________________……MrsSmithgetsonwellwithherneighbors.表示相處的如何，在with前加well(好）或badly(差）等修飾詞。Doyougetalongwellwithyourclassmates?HowareyougettingonwithyourEnglishstudy?Heisgettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.【練習】杰克會和同學們相處得很好。Jackwill_________________________hisclassmates.callsb.up打電話給某人Sheisbusywithherhomework.Don’tcallherup.【拓展】打電話給某人的不同表達方式ringsbupgivesbaring/callphonesbmakeaphonecalltosbcallsb【練習】改為同義句Don’tcallupMary.Don’t______________________-_____________-Mary.Sheoftencallsupheroldclassmates.Sheoften______-_________heroldmunicatev.交流信息；溝通--communicationn.j交流_______________________________和…交流/溝通【練習】找出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。Peoplechoosetokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsbye—mail.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicateargue爭吵，爭論argue作不及物動詞，名詞形式為______________，_______________________________________“與某人爭論”-Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.___________________________________與某人爭論，其中argue有“爭辯，爭論”的意思，常指根據(jù)一定的理由想要說服他人。Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.Don’targuewithyourmother.如果表示“為某事與某人爭辯”時，常用_______________________________They’realwaysarguingwitheachotheraboutmoney.【辨析】argue與discussargue著重于自己的看法、立場，提出論證說理，以理說服他人。discuss重在交換意見，進行討論，不含說服對方的成分。【練習】Ineverargue______-myparents.A.inB.toC.forD.withDowhatyouwereorderedanddon’t________me.A.quarrelB.argueC.arguewithD.discussinstead代替，頂替【辨析】instead與insteadof單詞/短語詞性意義或用法instead副詞指舍去___________________________，可_________，位于__________________。insteadof介詞（短語）指舍去后面的成分而取前面的成分，不能_______________________-Hedidn’tanswer;instead,heaskedhisfather.-Weeatnoodlesinsteadofricesometimes.【練習】用instead或insteadof填空Dave

went

fishing_______________going

skating.My

brother

isn’t

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at

math.__________,he

is

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at

English.Ilike

reading

in

the

library____________in

the

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Yesterday

John____________Mr.

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gave

us

atalk

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Davewentcycling_______________goingskating.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.__________,heisgoodatEnglish.Mr.Zhanglikesreadingnewspapers___________books.llikereadinginthelibrary____________intheclassroom.offerV.提供；提出，建議(1)offer“提供”，其后可接雙賓語，即___________________.=________________________.Sheofferstheoldmanacupoftea.=Sheoffersacupofteatotheoldman.offer還有“提出，建議”的意思，其后接不定式時表示“主動提出做某事”_______________________________Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.【練習】Thelittleboy_____hisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.brought10.comparev.“比較，和……相比”_______________________________和….作比較Henevercompareshimselfwithothers.【拓展】_______________________________“把……比作……”，Lifeiscomparedtovoyage.Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.【練習】Myhandwritingcannotbecompared______father’s.A.toB.withC.onD.for11.continue為動詞，“繼續(xù)”continue作及物動詞，“繼續(xù)（做某事）”+名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞_______________________________=_______________________________繼續(xù)做某事Themeetingwillbecontinuedafterabreak.Theyoungmancontinuedhisstudyafterhisfatherdied.Theraincontinuedfalling/tofallallafternoon.（2）continue用在直接引語后，表示“接著說”“Ilikeyourcountryverymuch,”hecontinued.【練習】Althoughwearetired,we________work.A.continuesB.continuetoC.continuingD.continued12.cutout剪裁，刪去Sheiscuttingoutacoat.Youmustcutoutimportantdetails.【練習】Hedecidedtocut_______smoking.A.upB.onC.outD.in13.cause的用法(1)cause用作動詞，“使產(chǎn)生，使發(fā)生”Aburningcigarettecausedthefire.Whatcausedhisillness?cause有可用作名詞，“_________\_________”Thedogwasthecauseoftheaccident.【練習】翻譯句子許多車禍都是因為開車不小心造成的。______________________________14.theTaylors【解析】the+姓氏的復數(shù)形式表示“____________________”，作主語時謂語動詞用________。例如：TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.a/an＋姓氏單數(shù)”表示_______________________。例如：HiswifeisaKennedy（＝amemberoftheKennedyfamily）【做一做】1.TheBrowns__________(be)fromNewYork.2.John一家人在看電視。TheJohns_____________________now.3.史密斯一家人正在吃飯。TheSmiths____________________________atthedinninghall.語法串講1.用could,should提建議could和should都是情態(tài)動詞，后接__________________could和should用于陳述句中的辨析在陳述句中，could用來____________________________________，向對方提供一個選擇的內容，“可以，不妨”，should表示____________________________________，指按照常理該怎么樣，“應該”Wecouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.我們不妨給校長寫封信。Weshouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.沃恩應該給校長寫封信。could和should用語疑問句中的用法1）在疑問句中，could用于以委婉語氣向別人提出要求、建議或勸告，此時could不表示過去，肯定回答用can或sure,否定回答用can’t或sorry.——CouldIhaveacupoftea?——Yes,youcan./Sure.在疑問句中，should只用于主語為第一人稱的時候，表示征詢意見或建議，語氣比could委婉。——ShouldIopenthewindow?——OK.【練習】用should或could填空——_______Itakethebooksoutoftheroom?——No,youcan’t.You________speakEnglishinEnglishclass._______youpleasehelpmewithmyChinese?Ifyougooutatnight,you_______tellyourparents.I’mnotsureifyou_______tellherthenews.2.Whydon’tyoudo…?【解析】Whydon’tyoudo…?是常見的提建議的句型，該句型還可以用來發(fā)出禮貌的邀請。同樣表示征求對方意見的句型：______________________…?/______________________…?②______________________…?______________________.④______________________【做一做】1.Whynot________(wear)ahat?Goodidea.2.Howabout___________(visit)ourteacher?Thatsoundsgood.3.Let’s__________(take)thedogforawalk.Sorry,Ican’t.4.Wouldyoumindmy__________(open)thedoor?Ofcoursenot.5.Wouldyoulike____________(come)tomyparty?I’dloveto,but…1.Tomorrowwillbesunny.Howabouthavingapicnicinthepark?_________________ButIhavetopreparefortomorrow’sexam.A.I’dlove. B.I’dloveto.C.That’sright.2.Anew3Dmovieison.Shallwegoandseeitthisweekend?--____!What’sit?A.Imustbegoingnow B.Youareright C.Whynot D.Mypleasure3.Look!It’srainingheavily.____takearaincoatwithyou?Well,I’lltakeonerightnow.A.WhynotB.Whydon’tC.WouldyoumindD.Wouldyoulike4.A:Wouldyouliketodancewithme? B:.Ihavetoomuchhomework.A.Sorry,Ican’t. B.Ofcoursenot. C.That’sOK. D.I’dliketo.過關檢測(TEST）Time：Score：Name：Marks：_________1.Hisfatherdoesn’tallowhimswimmingalone.A.goes B.togo C.going D.go2.givehimawatch?A.Whatabout B.Let’s C.Whydon’t D.Whydon’tyou3.Youcouldsavesomemoneyyoucanbuyagiftforyourmother.A.inorderto B.because C.so D.sothat4.heisverypoor,hefeelsveryhappy.A.Although；but B.Although；/C.Because；so D.Because；/5.Ithinktheresultmusthimverymuch.A.surprise B.surprised C.surprising D.surprises6.Thismathquestionistoodifficult.Canyouhelpme?A.workonit B.workoutit C.workitout D.workforit7.Hehastwosons.TheyareJimandTom.JimisTom’sbrother.A.old B.older C.elder D.young8.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.A.alone；alone B.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonely D.lonely；alone9.Heshouldtheteacher.A.explain B.explainto C.explained D.explainedto10.—What’swrong?—Ican’tdomyhomeworknow.Imyhomeworkintheclassroomthismorning.A.leave B.forget C.forgot D.left11.I’mnotsure.Hisfatherintheoffice.A.maybe B.maybe C.may D.is12.Heisveryangrywithhismother,becausehismotheralwayshimwiththebeststudent.A.compares B.complains C.tells D.makes13.Isthereinthisstory?A.wonderfulsomethingB.somethingwonderfulC.wonderfulanythingD.anythingwonderful14.Itistooloud.Pleasetheradio.A.turnon B.turnoff C.turndown D.turnup15.Couldyouplease_______thatmeetingfrommyschedule?A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutup16.InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.Idon’tagree.Speakingis____reading.A.asimportantasB.themostimportantC.thesame17.Maybeyoushould__________.A.callinherB.callupherC.callherup18.Charles’cousinisthesameage________him.Theygetonwell______eachother.A.as,withB.as,onC.as,in19._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.For20.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.unless21.I___________homeuntilfinishmyhomework.A.won’tgoB.willgoC.goD.went22.They’re____________.A.enoughbusyB.busyenoughC.enoughbusiesD.busytoenough23.Wefoundhissister_____hereatthatmoment.A.playB.playedC.playing24.Yesterday,theytalkedaboutsomethingimportant______thephone.A.inB.ofC.on25.Shelooked________whensheheardthe_______news.A.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprising;surprising課后作業(yè)大挑戰(zhàn) 14-year-oldboyfromtheUSAwasdescribedasahero(英雄)yesterdayafterhesavedthelifeofawomaninanothercountry．DeanBlueyfromDallas，Texas，wasaschoolboywhohasmuch

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incomputer．Oneday，he

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anemailtoafriendontheInternet．Suddenlyhereceivedamessagesaying“Help!Pain!Help!”．ThemessagewasfromFinland，

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kilometersawayfromAmerica．“Ididn'tknow

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Ishoulddo，”Deansaidtoareporterafterwards．“Itwasreallydifficulttotellifthemessagewasreal．”SoDeandidnothingatfirst．5

themessagekeptcoming．“Bythenitwaseasytoseethatsomeonewasintrouble,”Deansaid.He

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andfoundthatthesenderwasastudentcalledTarja,whowasaloneinauniversitylibrary.Shewasill.Whatwas

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,therewasnophonearoundher.Heronlywayofcommunicatingwiththeworldwasbye-mail.Dean

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thepoliceimmediately.Andtheyrealizedthatthesituationwasquiteserious.TheycalledthepoliceinFinland.Thenanambulancehurriedtothelibrary.

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,shewasstillaliveandwassenttothehospitalquickly.

“I'mgladshe'sOK,”Deansaid.“It'shardtobelieve,but

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savedherlife.”A．interest

B．interested

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B．sends

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D．issending3．A．hundred B．thousand

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B．what

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D．when5．A．So

B．And

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D．As6．A．telephoned

B．replied

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D．talked7．A．better

B．worse

C．harder

D．easier8．A．contacted

B．invited

C．interviewed D.offered9．A．Hardly

B．Happily

C．Luckily

D．Carefully10．A．a(chǎn)boy

B．doctors

C．thepolice

D．email完成對話：Boy1:Hey,Peter,_____________________________?Boy2:Ihadanargument__2___mybestfriend._____________________________?Boy1:Well,youshould___4__himaletter.Boy2:Idon'tthinkso.Idon'tlikewritingletters.Boy1:_____________________________.Boy2:No,Idon'twant__6___talkaboutit_7____thephone.Boy1:Well,youshouldsayyou'resorry.Boy2:Yes,IknowIshould,butit'snoteasy.Boy1:Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.Boy2:IguessIcould,butIdon'twantto_8____him.Boy1:Hey,Iknow.Youcouldgivehimatickettoaballgame.Boy2:Well,_____________________________,butIdon'thave__10___money.閱讀理解ADearDr.Smith,Mymomalwayskeepsaskingme,“What’sgoingon?”IfIwanttogo