大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀(第三版)Unit-1-5講稿

CollegeEnglishIntensiveReadingBookOneUnitOneTeachingPlanI.ObjectivesandRequirements：1、ReadingandWritingCourse教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1.Tounderstandthetruemeaningof“l(fā)anguagelearningstrategy〞andtalkaboutit;2.Toreadthetextandtrytoevaluateandpracticethestrategiesintroducedinthetext;3.Towriteaparagraphstatinghowyouplantodevelopyourlisteningcomprehesionandpayattentiontotheuseofconnectives;4.Tolearnsomereadingtechniquesandskills:howtoreadatextandpredictthewriter’sideas.;5.Tomasterthekeyphrasesandsomesentencepatterns.教學(xué)要求：1．要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的中心思想和文章結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)會(huì)在寫作中恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。2．掌握新單詞、句型的使用方法；加強(qiáng)相關(guān)聽說訓(xùn)練。3.掌握閱讀技巧：尋找關(guān)鍵詞和句。教學(xué)建議：1．在教學(xué)過程中啟發(fā)學(xué)生開展關(guān)于“學(xué)習(xí)策略〞的探討，幫助學(xué)生樹立和培養(yǎng)自主學(xué)習(xí)、自我探究的學(xué)習(xí)方式，掌握必要的學(xué)習(xí)策略，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)潛能。2．提供最新的資料背景知識(shí)，如視頻，新聞報(bào)道等。2、ListeningandSpeakingCourseUnit1:learntolistenforNames,introduceyourselforothersinaconversation,understandandtalkaboutcollegelife.ComprehensiveExercisesBookUnit1:Thestudentsfinishtheexercisesintheirsparetime.II.Teachingarrangement&TimeAllotmentReadingandWritingCourse6periodsListeningandSpeakingCourse2periods(everytwoweeks)III.TeachingMethodsCommunicativeApproachLearner-centeredTeachingTask-basedLearningTranslationMethodMultimediaApproachIV.PresentationProceduresLecturenotesText:SomeStrategiesforLearningEnglishPart1.Today’sEnglish:Worldwideover1.4billionpeopleliveincountrieswhereEnglishhasofficalstatus.Oneoutoffiveoftheworld’spopulationspeakssomeEnglish.AndatpresentoneinfiveislearningEnglish.WitheconomicglobalizationandChina’sopeninguptotheworld,ithasbecomeincreasinglyimportantfortheyoungergenerationtomasterEnglish.Inasense,Englishisnotteachable,butlearnable.2.Languagelearningstrategies:Theyareusedbylearnerstocompletespeaking,reading,vocabulary,listeningorwritingactivitiespresentedinlanguagelessons.Recognizingthatthereisatasktocompleteoraproblemtosolve,languagelearnerswillusewhateverstrategiestheypossesstoattendtothelanguage-learningactivity.Possiblelanguagelearningstrategiesinclude:usingpracticeopportunities,self-evaluation,selectiveattention,timemanagement,reviewingnotestakeninclassandcheckingone’sunderstanding,constantlyseekinganswerstoquestionsinsteadofpassivelyreceivinginformation,ect.3.Input-outputbalancetheoryinlanguagelearning:Inputinlanguagelearningreferstoinformationread,seenorheardbythelearner,whileoutputreferstowhatthelearnerproducesinwritingorspeaking.Theinput-outputbalancetheoryinlanguagelearningbelievesthatonecanlearnalanguagewellthroughmaintainingabalancebetweeninputandoutput.PartII.Warm-upActivities:Step1.SsIntroducethemselvesandtalkaboutnewcollegelife.Step2.Topic-centeredDiscussion(Groupwork)1.DoyouenjoylearningEnglish?Whyorwhynot?2.WhatdoyouthinkisthemosteffectivewayoflearningEnglish?3.WhatisthegreatestdifficultyyouhaveinyourlearningofEnglish?Step3.TmakesabriefintroductiontoEnglishlearningandlearningstrategies.PartIII.TextAnalysis:MainIdeas:(SummaryWriting)Englishasaninternationallanguageisofvitalimportanceforeverybodytolearn.LearningEnglishis(絕非易事)bynomeanseasy.Besides(持續(xù)的刻苦努力)sustainedhardwork,weneedemploysomelearningstrategiesto(促進(jìn)我們的學(xué)習(xí))facilitateourlearning.(我們應(yīng)當(dāng)以不同的方式對(duì)待生詞)weshoulddealwithnewwordsindifferentways.Activewordsdemandconstantpracticewhilepassivewordsonlyneedtoberecognized.Aswetrytounderstandthemeaningofaword,wearealsoremindedof(它們的習(xí)慣用法)theiridiomaticusage.Listening,speaking,readingandwritingarethefourbasicskillsthat(我們不斷努力試圖獲得的)weareconstantlytryingtoacquire.Inordertoimprovethefourskills,wearesuggestedtolistentoEnglisheveryday,(抓住一切時(shí)機(jī)說英語(yǔ))seizeeveryopportunitytospeak,readwidely(難度適中的材料)materialsataproperlevelofdifficultyandwriteregularly.Listeningandreading(為我們提供語(yǔ)言輸入)provideuswithlanguageinputandweareexpectedto(實(shí)際運(yùn)用我們所學(xué)的東西)putwhatwehavelearnedintopracticethroughspeakingandwriting.Structure:Astrategyreferstoasetofcarefullyplannedmethodsforachievingsomethingthatisdifficultandmaytakealongtime.Inintroducingsomestrategies,theauthoradoptsthestructureofProblem—StrategywithinaparagraphtoshowustheproblemsinEnglishlearningandthenproposesstrategiestosolvetheproblems.PleasescanthetextforsomeexamplesoftheProblem—Strategystructure.Problems Strategies1.Itisimpossibletomemorize1.Dealwithativevocabularyandpassiveallthenewwordsyouarelearning.vocabularydifferently.2.Youdon’tknowtheidiomatic2.Watchoutfornotonlythemeaningofausageofsomewords.wordbutalsothewayitisusedindailylife.3.Youmaynotbeabletocatcha3.Listentoitoverandoveragain.lotafterlisteningtoapassageforthefirsttime.4.Therearefewsituationsforyou4.SeizeeveryopportunitytospeakEnglishtopracticespeakingEnglishatschool.withorwithoutapartner.PartIV.Learningpoints:1).Findouttheactiveexpressions:1.bynomeansnotatall2.atfaultresponsibleforsomethingbadthathashappened3.watchoutforlookoutfor;beon(one's)against4.seekoutlookfor;trytofindsomeoneorsomething,especiallywhenthisisdifficult5.put…intopracticecarryoutorperformTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:1.我對(duì)目前的表現(xiàn)一點(diǎn)也不滿意。2.關(guān)于空氣污染大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為是鋼鐵廠的責(zé)任。3.你們開會(huì)的時(shí)候留神間諜竊聽。4.科學(xué)家們需要尋找實(shí)驗(yàn)中的因果關(guān)系。5.對(duì)任何理論，先要融會(huì)貫穿，才談得上運(yùn)用自如。(Answers:)1.Iambynomeanssatisfiedwithmypresentperformance.2.Asforairpollution,mostpeoplebelievethatsteelfactoriesareatfault.3.Watchoutforthespy'swiretappingwhenyouhavethemeeting.4.Scientistsneedtoseekoutcause-and-effectrelationshipsintheexperiment.5.Onemusthavethoroughlymasteredatheorybeforeonecanputitintopracticeproperly.2).WordUsingNewWords:1.diligence:n.steadyeffort;thequalityofshowingcareandeffortinwhatonedoes--Diligenceisthemotherofgoodfortune,andidleness,itsopposite,hasneverbroughtamantothegoalofanyofhisbestwishes.2.prolonged:adj.continuingforalongperiodoftime--Aprolongedperiodoflowinterestrateshasdiscouragedpeopletosavetheirmoneyintothebank.他又問了她一個(gè)問題，僅僅是為了延長(zhǎng)談話時(shí)間。--Heaskedheranotherquestionjusttoprolongtheconversation.3.command:n.①possessionandmastery②knowledgeofortheabilitytousev.①beinapositiontouse;haveatone’sservice②overlookfromahigherposition--Thoseartistswhosepaintingsareondisplayshowagoodcommandofwatercolor.--Speakingfrankly,Ilikeasingerwithanaturalcommandofmelody.--Manycollegestudentstodaycommandalargevocabulary.--ThehousecommandssomesplendidviewsoftheSummerPalace.4.sustained:adj.continuingforalongtime--Theconferencediscussionfocusesonthesustaineddevelopmentofagriculture.在醫(yī)院里，惟一讓我支撐下去的就是回家的想法。--Thethoughtofgettinghomewastheonlythingthatsustainedmeinthehospital.事實(shí)證實(shí)了他的理論。--Thefactssustainedhistheory.c.f.support、sustain、uphold、backSupport:isthemostgeneral(最具概括性)Sustain:referstosupportthespirits,vitality,orresolutionof;encourage(指支持，鼓勵(lì)，鼓舞…的精神、生命力、決心等):Uphold:istomaintainoraffirminthefaceofachallengeorstrongopposition(指在面臨挑戰(zhàn)和強(qiáng)烈對(duì)抗時(shí)的鎮(zhèn)定和堅(jiān)決):Back:suggestsmaterialormoralsupportintendedtocontributetoorassuresuccess(表示為取得成功或保證成功而作的物質(zhì)上或道義上的支持):--Sheisbeingsupportedbyfriendsinherefforttosurmountthetragedy.--Anunshakablefaithsustainedhim.--Weupholdtheprincipleofracialequality.--Don'tworry.Iwillbackyouup.5.complain:adj.expressdissatisfaction,unhappiness,annoyanceorpain--Heconstantlycomplainsabouthowhe’streatedatwork.Pattern:complain(tosb.)about/ofsb./sth.--Neighborscomplainedtothepoliceaboutthenoisefromthebuildingsite.--USsoldierscomplainedoflowmoraleinIraq.6.memorize:vt.committomemory;learnbyheart--Hestudiedhismap,tryingtomemorizethewaytoRose'sstreet.c.f.memorize、remember、recall、remind、recollect(這五個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，均有“記憶，記住，回憶〞之意。)Memorize:指有意識(shí)的下功夫把某事的整個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都記在腦子里。Remember:表示記得，多指無意識(shí)地回憶起往事。Recall:指想方設(shè)法回憶已經(jīng)遺忘之事。Remind:指經(jīng)某人或某事的提醒而回憶起某件已遺忘之事。Recollect:含義與recall接近,但較為正式,指力圖想起久已忘記或稍有點(diǎn)印象的事情。--Don'twritedownyourPINnumber,memorizeit.--Herememberseverydetailofthatoccurrenceasthoughithappenedyesterday.--IseemtorecallI'vemethimbeforesomewhere.--IfIforget,pleaseremindme./Yourstoryremindsmeofanother.--Herecollectthedaysofhischildhood.7.crowd:n.alargegroupofpeoplev.①happeningregularlyorallthetime②fillin--Therewerecrowdsofpeopleinthestreet.--Hundredsofpeoplecrowdedintothechurchforthefuneral.--Rangeafterrangeofmountainscrowdthehorizon.他的腦海里充滿了奇怪的想法。--Strangethoughtsarecrowdinghismind.Collocation:crowdintocrowdaround/roundbecrowdedtogethercrowdsth./sb.out8.constant:adj.①gathertogetherinlargenumbers②fillin③loyalandfaithful--Therewasaconstantstreamofvisitorstothehouse.--Herclinichasaconstantstreamofparentswantinghelp.--Thetruckwastravellingatafairlyconstantspeed.n.somethingthatneverchangessuchasanumberorquantity.這一常量非常重要，因?yàn)樗_定了一個(gè)原子中的一個(gè)電子軌道的大小，周期和能量。--Thisconstantisveryimportantbecauseitfixesthesizes,periodandenergyofanelectron'sorbitinanatom.9.commit:v.①do(sth.)wrongorillegal②saythat(sb.)willdefinitelydo(sth.)ormustdo(sth.)③pledgedevotionto(sb.orsth.)--Womencommitfewercrimesthanmen.--Hehasclearlycommittedhisgovernmenttocontinuingeconomicreform.--Thescholarshipcommitsstudentstoteachinginpublicschools.--Hewasn'tyetreadytocommittotherelationship.Collocation:commitacrime/error/murder/arson/suicidecommit(sb.)todoingsth.commitoneselftosth.commitsth.tomemory/paper10.acquaintance:n.①somebodyyouknowalittle②knowledgeofsb.orsth.--ShewasacasualacquaintanceofmyfamilyinVienna.--Hehasapassingacquaintancewithalotofdifferentsubjects.--Thepracticeofalawyerrequiresacquaintancewithcourtprocedures.Collocation:makesb.’sacquaintance第一次見某人casualacquaintance偶爾見面的人mutualacquaintance雙方都認(rèn)識(shí)的人haveapassing/noddingacquaintancewithsth.點(diǎn)頭之交；對(duì)…知之甚少Phrases:1.beboundto:becertainto--Someoneoutthereisboundtotakenoticeofwhatwearedoingforthewholeregion.--Differencesofopiniononvariousissuesareboundtoexist.2.ona…basis:accordingtoacertainrule,spiritorfrequency--Patientsarecaredforona“first-come-first-serve〞basis.--12%ofAmericansreporttheyhavedifficultysleepingonafrequentbasis.3.indetail:includingallormostparticularsoritemsthoroughly--Mostofthesetopicshavebeendiscussedindetailattheforum.--Youwilllearnaboutcorporatestrategyindetailelsewhereinthiscourse.4.inadditionto:usedtoaddanotherpieceofinformationtowhathasjustbeensaid--Thereisapostageandpackingfeeinadditiontotherepaircharge.--Feesmaybechargedtoundergraduatestudentsinadditiontotuitionandthestandarduniversityfees.5.apartfrom:aswellas,besides--Apartfromhisearningsasafootballcoach,healsoownsandrunsachainofsportsshops.--TherearethreeotherspresentatthemeetingapartfromMr.Jackson.--Apartfromhisuncle,theorphanhadnoonetotakecareofhim.EnglishEquivalentsofChinese:1.長(zhǎng)期努力

prolongedeffort2.精通英語(yǔ)

gainagoodcommandofEnglish3.把…記住

commit…tomemory4.經(jīng)常

onaregularbasis5.反復(fù)地

overandoveragain6.隨意交談

feelfreetotalk7.購(gòu)物

makeapurchase8.…大有收益

Itpaysto…9.倉(cāng)促用功備考cramforatest10.綿綿不斷的雨constantrain11.擴(kuò)大會(huì)議enlargedmeeting12.習(xí)慣用法idiomaticusagePartV.FurtherReadingProverbsandQuotations1.Knowledgeadvancesbystepsandnotbyleaps.2.Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen,butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools.3.Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.4.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.5.Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.PartVI.WritingPattern:Combination:UsingConnectivesConnectivesrefertowordsthatcanjoinpartsofasentenceordifferentsentences.Theyarenecessaryfortheestablishmentoflogicalrelationsinanessay.Belowaretwotablesindicatingdifferentlogicalrelationsandthecorrespondingconnectives.

AdverbClauseWordsTransitionsConjunctionsPrepositionsCauseandEffectbecausenowthatsinceso(that)thereforeconsequentlythusasaresultsoforbecauseofduetoContrasteventhoughwhereasalthoughwhilethoughhoweverinsteadneverthelessnonethelessontheotherhandonthecontrarybut…(anyway)yet(…still)

Conditionifwhetherunlessincaseonlyifintheevent…thatevenifotherwiseor(else)nor(negative)

AdverbClauseWordsTransitionsConjunctionsPrepositionsAddition

plusbesidesalsofurthermoreovernextfurthermoreinadditionand

Timeaftersinceastillbeforeuntilassoonaswhenbythetimewheneveroncewhileas/solongaseverytime(that)thefirst/next/lasttime(that)

Mannerasjustasasifasthoughlike

Examples*Wehaven’tseenhertodaybecausesheisillathome.*Aftertheyfinishedthejob,alltheworkmateswenttothebar.*Howeverhedidit,itwasveryclever.*Icouldn’tsolvetheproblemuntilhecame.YourTask:Directions:Fillintheblankswithproperconnectivesfromthelistbelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.consequently,dueto,nevertheless,asif,onlyif,whenever,inaddition,bythetime,also,and,plus,eventhough,whereas,before,ontheotherhand,till1.Heasksmelotsofquestionspossible.2.AtthattimeImadeanothererror,fromagoodmotive.3.Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,conceitmakesonelagbehind.4.Henotedthatmenrevealedtheirheighttall.5.He'sstupid,butIlikehim.6.Youneedmoneyandtime;,youneeddiligence.Imissedthetrainandwaslateforwork.8.badcoldshespenttheentiredayinbed.9.Shealwaystalkstomesheweremysister.10.Hemanagedtoarrivehometherainpoureddown.Keys:whenever,eventhough,whereas,onlyif,nevertheless,inaddition,censequently,dueto,asif,before.ReadingActivity:Howtoimproveyourstudyhabits____PartHowtoreadatext?Itisadvisabletoreadacomprehensionpassageatleasttwice:firsttoobtainageneralimpressionofthetext,secondtoconcentrateontheimportantdetails.Sometimesathirdreadingisnecessarytocheckdifficultitems.CollegeEnglishIntensiveReadingBookOneUnitTwoTeachingPlanObjectivesandRequirementsReadingandWritingObjectives:Tomasterthenewtargetwordsandusefulphrases.Tomakestudentsunderstandthepassageandmasteroneofthereadingskills---howtoreadatext(partII).Tomasterthegrammaticalstructure—“numeralasattribute〞and“theadverbialofconcession〞.Tolearnsomewritingskillsoftheusingofcontraction---Reducingclausestophrasesorwords.Toimprovethelisteningskillsforidentifyingnumbers.TolearnfromChichester,theprotagonist,hiscourage,hisperseveranceandhisdeterminationtoattainhisgoal(sailingroundtheworldsingle-handed).Requirements:1．要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的中心思想和文章結(jié)構(gòu)。2．掌握新單詞、句型的使用方法；加強(qiáng)相關(guān)聽說訓(xùn)練。3.掌握閱讀技巧：尋找關(guān)鍵詞和句。Suggestions：1．在教學(xué)過程中要求學(xué)生討論有關(guān)理想的問題，怎樣能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想，應(yīng)該向FrancisChichester學(xué)什么。2．提供最新的資料背景知識(shí)，如視頻，新聞報(bào)道等。ListeningandSpeakingCourseUnit2:learntoidentitynumbersandaskforandgivedirectionsComprehensiveexercisesUnit2:Thestudentsfinishtheexercisesintheirsparetime.Teachingarrangement&TimeAllotmentReadingandWritingCourseListeningandSpeakingCourse2periods(everytwoweeks)TeachingMethodsCommunicativeApproachLearner-centeredTeachingTask-basedLearningTranslationMethodMultimediaApproachPresentationProceduresLecturenotesSectionA:SailingroundtheworldPartⅠ.Introduction1.Lead-inandIntroductoryRemarks

Haveyoudreamedofsailingorflyingroundtheworld?Haveyouheardofthefiguresinhistory,whosailedaroundtheworld.Perhapsyouhave.YoumayhaveheardofZhenHe(inSongDynasty),wholedaclippershipwithplentyofcrew,sailedtoasfarasAfrica.YoumayalsohaveheardofColumbus,whosailedtoAmerica,thusdiscoveredthenewcontinent.Buthaveyouheardofourprotagonist,FrancisChichester.Indeed,manypeoplehavetraveledroundtheworld,butnooneelsehasdoneitthewaySirFrancisChichesterdid.Weareinaworldwheremoreandmorepeoplebegintoshowgreatinterestinadventures.ThistextorSirFrancisChichester'sadventurousexperiencemayhelptoenlightenus,justasthetextmentioned,"Indoingso,hehadundoubtedlylearntsomethingabouthimself.Moreover,inthemodernagewhenhumanbeingsdependmuchonmachines,hehadgivenmenthroughouttheworldnewpride."

2.Warm-upactivity---discussionandpresentationIfyoucouldsailtoanyplaceintheworld,wherewouldyouliketogo?Why?Ifyoudecidedtosailroundtheworld,whatwouldyouneedtotakewithyouontheboat?Montesquieu,thefamousFrenchthinkerandphilosopher,oncesaid,“Itisalwaystheadventurerwhoaccomplishesgreatthings.〞Howdoyouunderstandthissayingofhis?3.Backgroundinformation(1)Knights,knighthood,knighthoodceremonyKnightswerethehighestclassoffightingmeninEuropeduringtheMiddleAges.Therewereotherclassesoffightingmen,suchasthelowlyfootsoldiers.Buttheknights,whofoughtonhorseback,werethearistocratsofthebattlefield.Thegreatheroesofthetime,bothinhistoryandinfact,wereknights.Bytheyear1500thetimeoftheknightasfightingmanwasover.Hiredfootsoldiersreplacedthemountedknights.Butknighthooddidnotdieoutaltogether.TodayinGreatBritain,knighthoodisanhonoraryawardgiventooutstandingpeopleinrecognitionofsomeremarkableworktheyhavedone.Amanwiththerankofknightiscalled"Sir"(prefixedtohiswholenameorgivenname,butnottohissurnamealone),andhiswife,"Lady".Awomanwiththesamerankiscalled"Dame".Knighthoodceremony:TheKingorQueentakestheswordofthepersonbeinghonoredorborrowsonefromsomeonepresentattheceremony.ThepersonabouttobeknightedkneelsatonekneeandbowshisheadrespectfullyinfrontoftheKingorQueen.TheKingorQueentoucheswiththeswordfirsttheleftshoulderofthepersonbowingbeforehimorherthentherightshoulderandfinallythetopofthebowedhead.WhiledoingthistheKingorqueensays,"WedubtheeSir_______."(2)SirFrancisChichesterHewasaBritishadventurer,borninEnglandin1901.OnAug.27,1966,hesetofftosailroundtheworldaloneinhisyacht,the“GipsyMothIV〞andfinishedhisgreatvoyageonMay28,1967.Hediedin1972,lefttwobooksbehind：thelonelyseaandsky;thegipsymothcirclestheworld.(3)ClipperShip:Itwasasailingshipofthe19thcentury,wellknownforitsbeautyaswellasitsspeed.Itwasalong,slim,gracefulvesselwithprojectingbowandradicallystreamlinehull,carryinganexceptionallylargespreadofsailonthreetallmasts.(4)CapeHornAsteepheadlandatthesouthofHornIsland(合恩島),Chile(智利).ItisgenerallyconsideredthesouthernmostpointofSouthAmerica.AllthewaterbetweenSouthAmericaandtheAntarcticOceanissqueezedthisnarrowshallowgap.Sometimesthewavestheremaybeashighas50feet.TheCapeHornroutearoundSouthAmericaisoneofthemostdangerousnautical(海上的)passages.Bothsailorsandpassengersfearitbecauseofthemanysailingmishapthathaveoccurredthere.(5)TheSouthernOceanTheSouthernOceanisalsocalledtheAntarcticOcean,theoceancomprisingthesouthernreachesofthePacific,theAtlantic,andtheIndian(6)QueenElizabethII(1926-)QueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,andheadoftheCommonwealth(英聯(lián)邦)，since1952.(7)QueenElizabethI(1533-1603)QueenofEngland(1533-1603).ShewasoneofthemostpowerfulrulersintheEnglishhistory.Thetimewhenshereigned(在位)iscalledtheElizabethanAge,anditwasalongperiodof45years,whenEnglandbecameveryrichandpowerful.PartII.NewWordsandUsefulExpressions:NewWords:1.single-handed:adj.&adv.(done)byonepersonaloneMaryaccomplishedthetaskbyhersingle-handedeffortsThismanhaschangedthewholesituationalmostsingle-handed.Thejobcannotbedonesingle-handed2.retire:vi.＆vt.退下，離開；〔正式用語(yǔ)〕就寢；〔指軍隊(duì)〕撤退，退卻；退休，退職，退役；Collocation：retirefrom…(to…)從……退下/出〔至……〕retirefromtheworld隱居，成為隱士retiretobed就寢retireintooneself〔因沉緬于自己的思想而〕不和人交際；苦思不語(yǔ)Derivative：retiredadj.退職的，退休的，退役的retiredpay退休金retiringadj.孤獨(dú)緘默的；害羞的retirement隱退，退休，隱居Collocation:retirementpension養(yǎng)老金retirementage到達(dá)退休gointo/comeoutofretirement離職/復(fù)職1)Hetohisbedroom.他回到他的臥室。(retired)2)Iamreachingage.我快到退休年齡了。(retiring)3)Therehavebeenseveralinmyofficerecently.最近我那辦公室里有幾個(gè)人退休了。(retirements)4)Hewill____fromthearmynextyear.明年他要退役。(retire)5)Maryhadagentle_____disposition.瑪莉性格溫柔而靦腆。(retiring)6)Theyareall____cadres.他們都是退休干部。(retired)3.voyage:n.alongjourney(bysea,bylandorthroughouterspace)Avoyagetothemoonwillbeavailabletocommonpeople,I’msure.vi.goona(sea)journey;sailSirFrancesDrakewasthefirstmanwhovoyagedaroundtheworld.Synonym:voyage,journey,travel,trip,tour,expedition,excursionandcruise這幾個(gè)詞都是名詞，都有“旅行〞、“旅程〞之意。voyage指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。例如：Inthosedays,thevoyagetoAustraliawaslonganddangerousjourney最普通用詞，側(cè)重指時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)、距離較遠(yuǎn)的單程陸上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。例如：AtfirstIwasafraidthelongjourneywouldbetoomuchforher.travel泛指旅行的行為而不指某次具體的旅行，多指到遠(yuǎn)方作長(zhǎng)期旅行，不強(qiáng)調(diào)直接目的地，單、復(fù)數(shù)均可用。例如：Herinterestsarepolitics,music,andtraveltrip普通用詞，口語(yǔ)多用，常指為公務(wù)或游玩作的較短暫的旅行。但在較通俗、隨便的用法中可代替journey。例如：TheywentonahoneymoontriptoBeijing.他們前往北京度蜜月。tourn.周游，巡行，游歷〔常伴有“回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)〞之意，距離可短可長(zhǎng)〕例如：They'regoingonaworldtour.他們正在環(huán)球旅行。expeditionn.遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn)〔指長(zhǎng)距離的，艱辛的甚至危險(xiǎn)的旅行，目的一般是考察、探險(xiǎn)或征服等，但不是觀光，游覽?！忱?Theyplannedtoorganizeascientificexpedition.他們方案組織一次科學(xué)考察。excursion:較正式用詞，常指不超過一天的短時(shí)期娛樂性游玩，也可指乘火車或輪船往返特定景點(diǎn)的遠(yuǎn)足旅游。例如:WeshallmakeanexcursiontoHangzhouthisweekend.這個(gè)周末我們將去杭州旅行。cruise:主要指乘船的游覽并在多處?？?。例如:OnethingI'dliketodoisgoonaMediterraneancruise.我想做的一件事就是乘船來一次地中海之旅。4.cover:vt.1)passoverortravel(acertaindistance)Theywerehopingtocover40milesyesterday.2)placeorspreadsth.upon,over,orinfrontof(sth.)Thefloodscoveredthousandsoftowns3)hide;protectHelaughedloudlytocoverhisfear.5.previously:adv.beforethepresenttimeorthetimereferredtoShewaspreviouslyemployedasatourguide.Ihadpostedthelettertwomonthspreviously.6.attemptn.efforttodosth.開始做；嘗試；企圖〔常被不定式和以at或on引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)所修飾〕Hemadenoattemptatescapingvt.try開始做；嘗試；企圖Heattemptedajoke,butnoonelaughed.Patterns:attempttodosth.;attemptsth.SomeonehadattemptedtoopenthecardoorWeattemptedthepuzzlebuthadtogiveup.attemptableadj.可以嘗試的聯(lián)想記憶：temptv.慫恿；吸引某人Pattern：temptsb.intosth./doingsth.煽動(dòng)某人做某事；吸引某人做某事Derivative:temptationn.誘惑1.Theprisonertoescapebutfailed.囚犯?jìng)兤髨D逃獄，但失敗了。(attempted)2.Myearlyatlearningtodrivewereunsuccessful.我曾經(jīng)幾次打算學(xué)開車，卻都沒有學(xué)成。(attempts)3.Ithinkitisanplan.我看這是個(gè)可以嘗試的方案。(attemptable)4.Nothingwouldhimintogoingtothecinema.什么也不能吸引他去看電影。(tempt)5.Heommittedcorruptionbecausehegavewaytoofmoney.因經(jīng)不住金錢的誘惑，他犯了貪污罪。(temptation)7.dissuade:vt.prevent(sb.)fromdoingsth.bygivingreasonspattern:dissuadesb.fromdoingsth./sthHedissuadedhisfriendfromgambling.persuade是dissuade的反義詞，表示“說服〞、“勸說〞。Pattern：persuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.persuadesb.outofdoingsth.例如：Tomtriedtodissuademefromjoiningthebookclub.Tomtriedtopersuademeoutofjoiningthebookclub.8.contact：vt.getintouchwithDoyouoftencontactyourformerclassmates?n.stateoftouchingorcommunicationAfterheenteredtheuniversity,hecameintocontactwithmanynewideas.Ihavebeenoutofcontactwithherforseveralyears.Thepilottriedtomakecontactwithhisbase,butfailed.Collocation:come/bringintocontactwith接觸到;(使)與......交往；make/establishcontactwith與…取得聯(lián)系beoutof/breakoff/losecontactwith與…失去聯(lián)系be/get/stayincontactwith與…保持聯(lián)系contactlens隱形眼鏡聯(lián)想記憶：touchv.n.接觸，聯(lián)系keepintouchwithsb./sth.與．．．．．．保持接觸、聯(lián)系lose/beoutoftouchwithsb.與某人失去聯(lián)系getin/intotouchwith與某人聯(lián)系9.accomplish:vt.finishsuccessfully;achieve(apurpose);carryout(aplan,etc.)Thecommitteehasaccomplishedarevolutionarytask.Womencanaccomplishanythingmencando.Collocation:accomplishamission完成一次使命accomplishatask完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)accomplishone’sgoal/purpose實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)accomplishone’splan實(shí)現(xiàn)方案accomplishone’spromise實(shí)現(xiàn)諾言Synonym:accomplish,complete&finish這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“完成〞之意。accomplish正式用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程的完成；也可指依靠努力到達(dá)一定目的，或取得一定的結(jié)果。例如：Theexplorersaccomplishedthevoyageinthreeweekscomplete側(cè)重指完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)或使某事完善，補(bǔ)足缺少的局部等。是比finish正式的用語(yǔ)。例如：Thebuildingwillbecompletedbytheendofthismonthfinish與complete根本同義，著重圓滿地結(jié)束或完成已著手的事。例如：Shehadfinishedherhouseworkwhenherhusbandcamehome10.conquer:vt.defeat;winvictoryover;overcomeTheNormansconqueredEnglandinthe11thcentury.Youmustconqueryourbadhabitofsmoking.Synonym:conquer,beat&defeat這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“打敗〞、“勝過〞之意。conquer指的是通過武力、斗爭(zhēng)或堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志把某事或某物、某人置于自己的控制之下。例如：TheSpanishconqueredtheNewWorldinthe16thcenturybeat強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)手被徹底打敗，該詞常用在正式場(chǎng)合，可用于描寫任何比賽。例如：Ourarmyhasneverbeenbeatenyet.defeat是應(yīng)用范圍很廣的普通用語(yǔ)。意指打敗敵人、對(duì)手，也可指在選舉中落選，希望、方案受挫等。例如：TheyhopedtodefeattheenemyatseaUsefulExpression:1.setout:tobeginacourseofaction,start,e.g.

Therebeingnobus,theyhadtosetoutonfoot.

setoutonajourneyroundtheworld(動(dòng)身周游世界)2.giveup:stopdoingorhaving(something);1)givesomeoneelsepossessionofsomethingyouhaveAnoldmangaveuphisseatonthebustoaladywithababy2)abandonhopeforsth.ortheattempttodosthTheboygaveupansweringthequestionbecauseitistoodifficult.3)allowyourselforsomeoneelsetobecaughtbythepoliceorenemysoldiersThecriminalwenttothepolic