2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（湖南卷）

2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（湖南卷 PartⅠListeningComprehension(30marks)SectionA（22.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearsixconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Foreachconversation,thereareseveralquestionsandeachquestionisfollowedbythreechoicesmarkedA,BandC.ListencarefullyandthenchoosethebestanswerforeachYouwillheareachconversationWhenwillthemagazineprobablyA.Wednesday B.Thursday C.FridayTheanswerisB.ConversationWhendoesthewomanfinishAt B.At C.AtWhatisthemangoingtodoSeehis B.Watchanew C.GoforanConversationWheredoesthemanplayAtthe B.Atthe C.AtthecommunityHowoftendoesthewomanOncea B.Threetimesa C.FivetimesaConversationWhatisthemanGetting B.Havingan C.CelebratingaWhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwoParentand B.Husbandand C.CustomerandConversationWhydidthemancomebackHewenttothe B.HemethisC.HeplayedWhatdidthewomandothisShetookaphysics B.Shehada C.SheheldaWhatwillthewomanprobablydoaftertheSeeher B.Gotothe C.PrepareConversationWheredidthewomangrowIn B.Inthe C.InWhichofthefollowingdoesthewomanlikebestaboutIts B.Its C.ItsWhatdoesthemanA.A B.A C.AtourConversationWhyisthewomanThemandidn’tThemandidn’tturnThemandidn’tWhoisthemanspeakingA B.A C.AWhenwillthetwospeakersseeeachOnTuesday B.OnThursday C.OnFridaySectionB（7.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.listencarefullyandthenfillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.FillineachblankwithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.YouwillheartheshortpassageSchool·1stfloor:80,000·2ndfloor: kindsofnewspapersandmagazines·Booksforlendingcanbekeptfora byfull-time· _books,newspapersandmagazinescanneverbetakenOpening·Allday·AllyearroundexceptChristmasDayand 1-5 6-10. 11-15 16. 17.18. 19.NewYear’s 20.IDPart LanguageKnowledge(45SectionA(15Directions:ForeachofthefollowingunfinishedsentencestherearefourchokesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence. -Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_theA.covering B.covered C.cover D,tocoverTheanswerisA.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds toachievethefinalA.being B. C.tobe D.to【答案】C【解析】句意:…更多的工作需要去做以取得最后的成功need做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):needdoing意為“主語(yǔ)需要被做”可以用needtobedone轉(zhuǎn)換;needtodo主語(yǔ)需Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow laterinA.willbe B.wasbeing C.hasbeenrepaidD.was【答案】A【解析】句意:…你現(xiàn)在所做的努力在以后的生活中會(huì)有回報(bào)的.為被動(dòng)Time, correctly,ismoneyintheA.to B. C. D.B:使用得當(dāng),時(shí)間就是銀行里的錢要填的是非謂語(yǔ)形式,,use和主語(yǔ)time的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句:ifit(time)isusedBicyclingisgoodexercise; ,itdoesnotpollutetheA. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】題干前后表示的是疊加意義:好的鍛煉;不污染空氣,所以用besides“除了…(還…)”;A意為“然而”；C“要不然”；D“所以”。Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou thedooroffaithopenbeforeA. B.have C.will D.are【答案】C【解析】句意：關(guān)上你身后的懼怕之門，你就會(huì)看到信心之門在你面前敞開(kāi)著。這是Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.A. B. C. D."Themoment soon,"hethoughttohimself,waitingA. B.has C.was D.is IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】句意：盡管我老覺(jué)得我會(huì)通過(guò)考試，然而，我從來(lái)不曾想過(guò)會(huì)得“A等”。根據(jù)上下文可以看出，題干需要一個(gè)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。whilethough。Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI time,IwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithA.have B.had C. D.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsA. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】句意：直到我來(lái)到這兒才意識(shí)到，這個(gè)地方不僅以它的美而且以它的天氣出Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…;“直到…才…”用until表達(dá)常有以下三種形式：not…until;Notuntil(否定的狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)句首，后面的主句謂語(yǔ)用一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝)；Itisnotuntil…that…(強(qiáng)勢(shì)結(jié)構(gòu))。所以，本題也可以如下說(shuō)：IdidnotrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweatheruntilIcamehere(正常結(jié)構(gòu))NotuntilIcameheredidIrealizethisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather(倒裝結(jié)Thelecture,at7:00pmlazenight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithA. B.beingstartedC.to D.tobe【答案】A【解析】句意：報(bào)告于昨晚七點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，報(bào)告之后便是用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察月球。start在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞（Classesstartat8“8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始上課”一樣義或?qū)?lái)意義：Weshallarrivetoolatetocatchthetrainleaving(=whichwillleave)ateight.我們會(huì)到達(dá)太晚了而趕不上8點(diǎn)（離開(kāi)）的火車。Atilefalling(=whichfell)fromaroofshatteredintofragmentsathisfeet.一片從屋頂上掉下來(lái)的瓦在他的腳邊摔得粉碎。Theaccidenthappeningtoherturnedouttobeagoodthing.她發(fā)生的意外證明\結(jié)果是件好事。不定式作定語(yǔ)表將來(lái)或含情態(tài)意義或被修飾部分有最高級(jí)\序數(shù)詞\\only\next\last或是something\anything等不定代詞等.Theremustbemanypeoplecomingtothepartylast hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】句意：不減少進(jìn)食，無(wú)論你怎么努力，要減肥是困難的。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義不通。however“無(wú)論怎么”在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句=nomatterhow。-Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianofor-Sorry,I thepianoforA.don't B.wasn't C.haven't D.hadn't【答案】C【解析】句意：…抱歉，我好多年都沒(méi)有彈鋼琴了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在此表示從好多年前Careofthesoulisagradualprocess eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeA. B.in C. D.in【答案】D【解析】句意：心靈的護(hù)理是一個(gè)逐漸的過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。inwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，whichprocess。Allthescientificevidence thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarmingdamagingourA.show; B.shows; C.show; D.shows;【答案】D【解析】句意：所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明：農(nóng)業(yè)方面越來(lái)越多的使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)正在損害著evidence“證據(jù)（不可數(shù)名詞）”shows，賓語(yǔ)從use“使用（不可數(shù)名詞）”is。PartSectionB(18Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext."What'sitliketohaveagapbetweenyourteeth?"agirlaskedmeoneNobodyhadever_.36_before.Myhandunconsciouslyrosetocovermymouth.But,asshelookedatme,sincerelywaitingfor37,1realizedshewasnottryingtoberude."Ineverthinkaboutit,"Itruthfullyreplied.Shenoddedandturnedaway.Iwasleftwonderingifpeople_38meandsawonlygappyteeth.Laterthatdayathome,Ibeganto39myteethagain.Ifeltupset.Ithoughtmylifewouldbesomehowbetterifmyteethwerenotgappy.HowIwantedtheperfectteeththateveryoneelseseemedtoOfcourse,Mom40everything.Shehaslivedherentirelifewithgappyteeth,andtriedtoconvincemethattherewasnothingto41.WhenIrefusedtolisten,shetoldmeIcouldgetthesurgerytoclosethegapifitwasthatimportant."Let'sbe42,though,"shesaid."Ifeveryonegotsurgeriestobecomepretty,everyonewouldbeexactlythesame.Thereisbeautyindifferences."Her43mademeconsidermyteethseriously.Thethoughtoflosingmygapwasmoreterriblethantherealitythatpeopleweregoingtonoticeit.Irealizedhowimportantitwastome.Itispartofmy44_.Nowadaysmanypeopledoridiculousthingstorealizetheirdreamof"perfection."The45_isthatnooneisperfect.Whenallpotentialforuglinessisremoved,soisallofthepotentialfor Soifthatgirleveraskedaboutmyteeth ,Iwouldtruthfullyanswer."Youknow?It'sreally36.A.B.C.D.37.A.anB.anC.aD.a38.AheardB.thoughtC.talkedD.looked39.A.B.C.D.40.A.B.C.D.41.A.worryB.putC.giveD.wipe42.A.B.C.D.43.A.B.C.D.44.A.B.C.D.45.A.B.C.D.46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.C.以前沒(méi)人問(wèn)及過(guò)上述問(wèn)題B.D.是不是人們看我的時(shí)候就看到我的缺牙呢A.回到家再次考慮我的缺牙問(wèn)題.B“刷”,C“覆蓋D“感激,欣賞B.母親自然注意到所發(fā)生的一切.A意為“承認(rèn)”;C“控制”;D改變A.沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心.B意為“推遲”;C放棄”.D消滅C.不過(guò)我們還是誠(chéng)實(shí)點(diǎn)吧(言下之意就是不要做手術(shù)來(lái)掩蓋真實(shí)面目以到達(dá)所謂的完美A.母親的話讓我認(rèn)真地考慮起我的牙齒來(lái)D.這是我特征的一部分.A能力”;B“決定C“目標(biāo)C.事實(shí)上沒(méi)有人是完美的.A可能性”.B“目的”;D選擇D.所有丑陋的東西都去掉的時(shí)候,所有美好的東西也隨之東流.A意為“勇氣”;B“明智”;C“善良\幫助”。B.所以,如果哪位女孩再問(wèn)我牙齒的事情SectionC(12Directions:CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitstheKeepingintouchwithourfriendsisanimportantpartoffriendship.Thisdoesnotmean48havetowriteorcallourfriendseveryday.Itdoesmean,however,thatwe49careenoughaboutourfriendstofindouthowtheyaredoingfromtimetotime.Peoplehavedifferenthabitsaboutkeepingintouchwithothers.Someliketocalltheirfriends,sometimesmanytimes50day.Othersprefertoe-mailtheirfriends.Still51preferwritingletterssothattheycanincludephotosorinterestingarticles52theenvelopesalongwiththeirletters.Someevenwritepostcardswhiletheyareonvacation53sendthemtofriends.Everykindofcommunicationisimportant.Itis54 importantwhatkindofcallwemakeorletterwesend.55 isimportantisthatweletothersknowwecareaboutthem.a.有時(shí)候一天打電話多次。注意：every\each\perday“每一天”others。還有一些in.and。連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：writepostcards…andsendthemtoWhat.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，what在主語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。承上句：打何種電話，寄何種信件不重要，PartⅢReadingComprehension(30Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished.statementsForeachofthemtherearefourchokesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.Whatmakesagiftspecial?Isitthepriceyouseeonthegiftreceipt?Orisitthelookontherecipient'sfacewhentheyreceiveitthatdeterminesthetruevalue?Whatgiftisworththemost?ThisChristmasIwasdebatingwhattogivemyfather.Mydadisahardpersontobuyforbecauseheneverwantsanything.IpulledoutmyphonetoreadatextmessagefrommymomsayingthatwewereleavingforChristmasshoppingforhimwhenIcameacrossamessageonmyphonethatIhadlocked.Themessagewasfrommyfather.MyeyesfellonaphotoofaflowertakeninWyoming.andunderneathapoembyWilliamBlake.Theflower,alonedandelionstandingagainstthebrightbluesky,inspiredme.MydadhadbeenrecitingthosewordstomesinceIwasakid.ThatmayevenbethereasonwhyIlovewriting.Idecidedthatthosewordswouldbemygifttomyfather.Icalledback.ItoldmymomtogowithoutmeandthatIalreadycreatedmygift.Isentthephotoofthecream-coloredflowertomycomputerandtypedthepoemontopofit.AsIwasarrangingthedetailsanotherpoemcametomind.ThepoemwaswrittenbyEdgarAllanPoe;mydadreciteditasmuchashedidtheother.Itypedthatoutaswellandsearchedonlineforabackgroundtothewordsofit.Thepoemwasfocusedarounddreaming,andaftersearchingIfoundtheperfectpicture.Theimagewaspaintedwithbluesandgreensandpurples,twistingtogethertocreatethethemeandwonderofadream.AsIwatchedbothpoemspassingthroughtheprinter,thewhitepapercoloringwithwordsthatshapedmychildhood.Ifeltthatthiswasagiftthatmyfatherwouldtrulyappreciate.Christmassoonarrived.TheminuteIsawthelookonmydad'sfaceasheunwrappedthoseswirlingblackletterscarefullyplacedinacheapframe,IknewIhadgiventheperfectgift.Theideaforaspecialgiftbegantoformwhentheauthor doing B.havingaC.readinga D.leavingforTheauthor'sinspirationforthegiftcamefromaphotoofa B.astoryaboutaC.acallfromthe D.atextaboutTheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referstoapoembythe B.theC.William D.EdgarAllanTheauthormadethegift searchingforthepoems B.drawingthebackgroundbyC.paintingthelettersinthree D.matchingthewordswithWhatisthemainpurposeoftheToshowhowtodesignimagesforTosuggestmakinggiftsfromone'sToexplainhowcomputershelpcreateTodescribethegiftstheauthorhasA.從第二段第五、六句：Myeyesfellonaphotoofaflower…inspiredme可知作者送禮物的靈Wyoming所拍攝的一張花的照片。DitBStillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak?Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege.King'sArtAdayattheCentrecouldmeanavisittoanexhibitionoftheworkofoneoftheinterestingcontemporaryartistsonshowanywhere.Thisweekendteestheopeningofanexhibitionoffourlocalartists.Youcouldattendaclassteachingyouhowto'learnfromthemasters'orgetmorecreativewith freeofcharge.TheCentrealsorunstwolifedrawingclassesforwhichthereisasmallTheBotanicTheGardenhasover8,000plantspecies;itholdstheresearchandteachingcollectionoflivingplantsforCambridgeUniversity.Themulti-branchedTorchAloehereisimpressive.TheAfricanplantproducesredflowersaboveblue-greenleaves,andisnotonetomiss.GettothedisplayhousetoseeDionaeamuscipula,aplantmorecommonlyknownastheVenusFlytrapthatfeedsoninsectsandothersmallanimals.TheGardenisalsoaplaceforwildlife-enthusiasts.Lookforgrasssnakesinthelake.Asnakecalled'HissingSid'isregularlyseenlyingintheheatofthewarmsun.Byron'sManystoriessurroundLordByron'stimeasastudentofCambridgeUniversity,Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof"messanddrunkenness".However,itseemsasthoughByrondidmanagetopassthetimepleasantlyenough.I'mnotjusttalkingaboutthepetbearhekeptinhisroans.Hespentagreatdealoftimewalkinginthevillage.ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron'sPool.AcoupleofmilespastGrantchesterinthesouthCambridgeshirecountryside,thepoolissurroundedbybeautifulcircularpathsaroundthefields.Thecriesofinvisiblebirdsmakethetriplovelyexperienceandonthewayhomeyoucandropintothevillageforafternoontea.Ifyoudon'ttrustme,thenperhapsyou’lltakeitfromVirginia overacenturyafterByron,shereportedlyatriptoswiminthesameAsmentionedinthepassage,thereisasmallcharge attendingthemasters' B.workingwithlocalC.learninglife D.seeingan"TorchAloe"and"VenusFlytrap" common B.impressiveC.rarely-seen D.wildlife-WecaninferfromthepassagethatByron tofearpet B.tolikeC.tobeaheavy D.tofinishuniversityinInthepassageByron'sPoolisdescribedasa .A.surroundedby B.ownedbyLordC.locatedin D.discoveredbyVirginiaWhatisthepassagemainlySomeplacesforweekend B.AwaytobecomecreativeinC.Thecolourfullifeinthe D.UnknownstoriesofCambridgeC.King’sArtCentre下最后一句BTheBotanicGarden下第二、三段可知是兩種植物，并不是昆蟲(chóng)、蛇，更不是野生動(dòng)物愛(ài)BByron’sPoolA。Byron’sPoolHarvardresearchershavecreatedatough,low-cost,biodegradable(可生物降解的)materialinspiredbyinsects'hardoutershells.Thematerial'sinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetoplastic.Thematerial,madefromshrimp蝦shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilkiscalled"shrilk.Itisthin,clear,flexibleandAmajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plastic'stoughnessandflexibilityarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand'60s.Decadeslater,however,plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone-timeproductssuchasplasticbags,orshort-livedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1,000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfill,butitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer(肥料),andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet,sothey'reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.They'realsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesses,whichcouldbeusedfornon-medicalproducts,likeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.They'reevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterials,likecarbonfibers,togivenewParagraphIofthepassageismainlyabout remarkable B.interestingC.major D.basicWhathasbecomeaconcernaboutUsingit B.ProducingitC.Developingitspropertiesquickly. D.EvaluatingitscontributionsAccordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartly itcanhelpplastic B.itcanbefoundinlivingC.itsmassproductionhasbeen D.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinWhataretheinventorsdoingintheReplacingcarbonfiberswithTestingahrilk'suseinwetMakingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdImprovingshrilk'sflexibilityformedicalWhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefortheRecentProgressinEnvironmentalBenefitsofInsectsinScientificTheHarmofOne-timeAPossibleAlternativetoC。由蝦殼和用絲綢生產(chǎn)的蛋白質(zhì)所做成的“shrilk”很薄、透明、有彈性，而且非常結(jié)實(shí)。其價(jià)生產(chǎn)”；C“快速開(kāi)發(fā)它的特性”；D“公正評(píng)價(jià)它的貢獻(xiàn)”。DShrilk的材料大自然中非常豐富…D“它的原材料在大自然中非常Part Writing(45SectionA(10Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.FillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationfromthepassageWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachSincetheearliestcivilizations,peoplehavecontrolledriverstomeetsociety'sdemands.Today,riversarecontrolledformanyreasons,primarilytomaintainreliablewatersuppliesfordaily,agriculturalandindustrialneeds,forpowergeneration,fornavigation(航行),andtopreventflooding.Rivercontrolisachievedbychannelization,atermthatcoversarangeofriverengineeringincludingwidening,deepening,straighteningandstabilizationofbanks,andbytheconstructionofAnimportantperiodofchannelizationtookplaceinEuropeduringthel9'thcentury,whenmanylargeriverswerestraightenedandtheirbedsdeepened.OneofthemostdramaticallychangedwastheTiszaRiver,abranchoftheDanubethatflowsthroughHungary.ThecontrollingoftheTisza,toreducefloodingandmakelandforagriculture,includedcuttingoffmorethan100meanders(河曲),shorteningtheriver'slengthbynearly400kilometers.Oneofthemostcommonwaysinwhichpeoplecontrolriversisbydammingthem.Thepast50yearsorsohasseenanincreaseindamconstructionworldwide,andatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,therewereabout800,000damsglobally,sometoweringmorethan200metersinheight.Despitetheirsuccesses,manydamsalsocausesignificantenvironmentalchangesthatproveharmful.Someparticularlydeepreservoirs(水庫(kù))canbringaboutearthquakesduetothestressontheirbottomrockscausedbyhugevolumesofwater.Downstreamofareservoir,theriveriscertainlyinfluencedinmanyways:watervolume,speedandqualityareallaffected,leadingtochangesinthelandscapeandamongplantsandanimals. ·achiveents:80,00dams·b:causingharmfulchangesto ·engineig·widnn, andstraightening· river·example:the_78_oftheTiszabynearlytostopriversfrom to_73_adequatewaterdailylife, andindustrypowerRiverReasonssupply根據(jù)第一段第二句：tomaintainreliablewatersuppliesfordailyagriculturefloodingdeepeningstabilizingstabilizationofbanks河岸的穩(wěn)固shorteningdamconstruction第二段最后，根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)及文章第二段：控制河流取得成效是通過(guò)兩種方式：channelization“交通渠化”constructionofdams“修筑水壩”。SectionB(10Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.Awiseteacheroncetoldmethateveryteenagerneedstoexperienceanot-so-funfirstjobfromworkingatagrocerystoretothefastfoodindustr