計算機圖形學課程設計（論文）-花園小屋設計

PAGEXX大學計算機圖形學課程設計論文（花園小屋設計）院系：專業(yè)：班級：學號：姓名：日期：年月日目錄一、系統(tǒng)的初始化 11.畫圖前的初始化 12.數(shù)據(jù)載入 12.1定義紋理 12.2光照的載入 52.3顯示列表的載入 53.對象模型的建立 63.1空間背景 63.2月亮 73.3小屋 83.4樹 93.5桌子和凳子 103.6噴泉 10二、場景光照及材質(zhì)屬性的設置 11三、交互設計 11四、程序運行效果圖 12第13頁共13頁一、系統(tǒng)的初始化1.畫圖前的初始化本程序中光照的使用，首先由于模擬的室外場景且四面和天空都是有紋理構(gòu)成，因此不能有明確的邊界，必須關(guān)閉光照；其次小屋和石桌及樹都僅展示材質(zhì)，所以必須開啟光照。為了便于程序統(tǒng)一，所以默認情況下開啟光照、關(guān)閉紋理。glClearColor(0.1,0.4,0.8,0.0);glViewport(0,0,500,500); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glPushMatrix();glEnable(GL_AUTO_NORMAL);glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); //深度測試glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); qobj=gluNewQuadric(); loadlight();pondcaculate();glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);2.數(shù)據(jù)載入2.1定義紋理選擇圖片：結(jié)合數(shù)字圖像處理課程中隊bmp圖像讀取技術(shù)，本程序使用的紋理是bmp位圖。為避免復雜的調(diào)色板所以處理一律使用24位圖；并且由于OpenGL紋理要求使用的寬和高都是2的n次冪。打開位圖文件后將其中的圖像數(shù)據(jù)存儲到內(nèi)存中們作為紋理數(shù)據(jù)的來源，由于位圖文件的像素樣式存儲順序為GBR，因此必須將其調(diào)整后方可以使用。使用glTexParaneteri和glTexImage2D定義紋理屬性。voidreadimage(char*filename,BYTE*imagedata)//所讀圖片均為24位bmp,且寬度補齊至四字節(jié)邊界{ BITMAPFILEHEADERbf;//文件頭 BITMAPINFOHEADERbi;//信息頭 intm_ImageWidth;//圖象寬度 intm_ImageHeight;//圖象高度 FILE*fp1;//文件指針，fp1為源文件 //打開文件，到文件指針 if((fp1=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL) { MessageBox(NULL,"文件打開錯誤","warning",MB_OK); } fread((LPSTR)&bf,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1,fp1);//讀取文件頭，讀取以后文件指針在文件頭末尾（即信息頭） fread((LPSTR)&bi,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,fp1);//讀取信息頭 m_ImageWidth=bi.biWidth;//給圖象寬度賦值 m_ImageHeight=bi.biHeight;//給圖象高度賦值 fread(imagedata,m_ImageHeight*m_ImageWidth*3,1,fp1);//讀取圖象數(shù)據(jù) fclose(fp1);}voidadjustimage(BYTE*imagedata,intw,inth){ BYTEtemp; for(inti=0;i<w*h;i++) { temp=imagedata[i*3]; imagedata[i*3]=imagedata[i*3+2]; imagedata[i*3+2]=temp; }}voidloadtexture(){//側(cè)面的紋理glGenTextures(5,&texName);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName);{ BYTEimagemoon[256][256][3]; //月亮的紋理 readimage("moon.bmp",&imagemoon[0][0][0]); adjustimage(&imagemoon[0][0][0],256,256); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,256,256,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,imagemoon);}{ BYTEimagesky[256][64][3]; readimage("starlow.bmp",&imagesky[0][0][0]); adjustimage(&imagesky[0][0][0],256,64); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+1); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,256,64,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,imagesky);}{ BYTEimagefloor[256][256][3];//地面的紋理 readimage("floor.bmp",&imagefloor[0][0][0]); adjustimage(&imagefloor[0][0][0],256,256); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+2); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,256,256,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,imagefloor);}{ BYTEimagedoor[256][256][3]; //柵欄面的紋理 readimage("door.bmp",&imagedoor[0][0][0]); adjustimage(&imagedoor[0][0][0],256,256); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+3); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,256,256,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,imagedoor);}{ BYTEimageroof[128][128][3];//屋頂?shù)募y理 readimage("roof.bmp",&imageroof[0][0][0]); adjustimage(&imageroof[0][0][0],128,128); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+4); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,128,128,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,imageroof);}}2.2光照的載入使用一個方向光源，亮度稍暗。voidloadlight(){ GLfloatlight_ambient[]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0}; GLfloatlight_diffuse[]={0.6,0.6,0.6,1.0}; GLfloatlight_specular[]={0.6,0.6,0.6,1.0}; GLfloatlight_position[]={30.0,60.0,50.0,0.0}; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);2.3顯示列表的載入本程序中大多數(shù)模型繪圖均用顯示裂變完成，在紋理載入之后，載入顯示列表，以供主繪圖函數(shù)display調(diào)用。 drawwalllist=glGenLists(1); glNewList(drawwalllist,GL_COMPILE); glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+3); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1);glVertex3f(150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,1);glVertex3f(-150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.35,0.35);glVertex3f(-150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.35,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.35);glVertex3f(-150,100,150); glEnd();3.對象模型的建立3.1空間背景空間由六個面的正長方體構(gòu)成，長和寬為300，高為200，在繪圖時按里面為逆時針繪制，關(guān)閉光照，直接貼紋理。voiddrawWalls() drawwalllist=glGenLists(1); glNewList(drawwalllist,GL_COMPILE); glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);//關(guān)閉光照，開啟二維紋理 glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+3);//貼四周的紋理 glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1);glVertex3f(150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,1);glVertex3f(-150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.35,0.35);glVertex3f(-150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.35,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.35);glVertex3f(-150,100,150); glEnd(); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+1);//貼天空的紋理 glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0.0,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,1.0);glVertex3f(150,100,150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(-150,100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(-150,100,-150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,1.0);glVertex3f(-150,100,150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,-150); glEnd(); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+2);//貼地面的紋理 glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,-150); glTexCoord2f(1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(-150,-100,150); glTexCoord2f(0.0,1.0);glVertex3f(150,-100,150); glEnd(); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//關(guān)閉二維紋理光照，開啟光照 glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEndList();}3.2月亮月亮的繪制由一個gluSphere函數(shù)繪制，為使月亮看起來更真實。貼上紋理，在這里紋理坐標計算使用自動紋理生成。voidMoon(){ moonlist=glGenLists(1); glNewList(moonlist,GL_COMPILE); glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexGeni(GL_S,GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE,GL_SPHERE_MAP); glTexGeni(GL_T,GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE,GL_SPHERE_MAP); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName); gluSphere(qobj,25,20,20); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEndList();}3.3小屋小屋的構(gòu)建是用glut庫中的glutSolidCone和glutSulidCube分別構(gòu)成屋頂和房體，屋頂上使用自動計算紋理坐標貼上紋理，窗子和門用正方體通過幾何變換構(gòu)成。voidroof(){ rooflist=glGenLists(1); glNewList(rooflist,GL_COMPILE); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexGeni(GL_S,GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE,GL_OBJECT_LINEAR); glTexGeni(GL_T,GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE,GL_OBJECT_LINEAR); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+4); glutSolidCone(50,50,10,10); glTranslatef(-50,0,30); glutSolidCone(50,50,10,10); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEndList();}3.4樹樹是整個場景中較為復雜的部分，有三部分構(gòu)成，樹冠有一個球體構(gòu)成，樹干有一個上小下大的圓合成，樹下的小土坡由二維求值器生成。voidtree(){ treelist=glGenLists(1); glNewList(treelist,GL_COMPILE); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); material(0.2,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.1,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0); glTranslatef(0,10,0); glRotatef(-90,1,0,0); gluCylinder(qobj,6,2,40,20,10); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0,75,0); material(0.1,0.3,0.1,0.1,0.3,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0); glScalef(0.7,1,0.7); gluSphere(qobj,30,20,20); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glScalef(0.6,1,0.6); glRotatef(-90,1,0,0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_DECAL); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texName+2); glEvalMesh2(GL_FILL,0,20,0,20); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEndList();}3.5桌子和凳子桌子和凳子由一個壓扁的正方體做桌面，用一個上小下大的圓臺做支柱；凳子由一個球體拉長在上面做一個正方體片構(gòu)成。桌子和凳子均使用一種暗灰色的材質(zhì)，無鏡面反射。3.6噴泉噴泉程序的生成是用粒子運動。這段程序使用鏈表管理粒子的狀態(tài)，每個粒子都有有關(guān)它們自身狀態(tài)的一個數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。structparticle{floatt;//粒子的壽命floatv;//粒子的運動速度floatd;//粒子的運動方向floatx,y,z;//粒子的位置坐標floatxd,zd;//X和Z方向上的增量chartype;//粒子的狀態(tài)（移動或淡化）floata;//粒子淡化的alpha值s