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大家論壇2003年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類B級試題及答案
第1部分:詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1~15題,每題1分,共15分)
下面共有15個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線,請從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
1Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.
AinfluenceBforceCsurpriseDpower
2Canyoufollowtheplot?
AchangeBinvestigateCunderstandDwrite
3Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.
AmentalBphysicalCnaturalDhard
4Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.
AjudgmentBresultCdecisionDevent
5NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.
AbeliefsBstatementsCsuggestionsDclaims
6Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.
ASoBSolongCSofarDSothat
7Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.
AsupposedBexcitedCdiscussedDsuggested
8Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.
AAfterwardsBThereforeCHoweverDFurthermore
9Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.
AsightBviewClookDpoint
10Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.
AtenselyBnearlyCcloselyDcarefully
11Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
AinventedBexplainedCconsideredDaccepted
12Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.
AheavyBstrongCwildDkind
13Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy
AmakingBtakingCexpectingDdiscussing
14Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.
AwasteBbuyCsellDuse
15Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
AfunctionBabilityCvolumeDpower
第2部分:閱讀判斷(第16~22題,每題1分,共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出7個(gè)句子,請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息,請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息,請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及,請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑
UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer
Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV),oneofmankind’smostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune(免疫的)defenses,makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies,accordingtotheObserver.
AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneoftheworld’sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeU>S>FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginclinicalgenetherapy(治療)trialsthisyear.ThefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave”farwiderapplications”.
Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas“shocking”butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.
Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient’sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics(遺傳學(xué))haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.
Unfortunately,thebody’simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitablecarrier.
TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmunedefensecellsdesignedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies.
16FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
17TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
18HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
19TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody’simmunecells.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
20Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
21Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
22TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.
D.asenseofsecurity
E.alonelywolf
F.withoutpity
第4部分:閱讀理解(第31~45題,每題3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題,每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容,從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇個(gè)最佳答案,涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇GivingUpSmoking
Anumberofdevicesareavailabletohelpapersonquitsmoking.Nicotine(尼古丁)patchesaresmall,nicotine-containingadhesive(粘著性的)discsappliedtotheskin.Thenicotineisslowlyabsorbedthroughtheskinandentersthebloodstream.Overtime,thenicotinedoseisreducedandeventuallythedesirefornicotineiseased.Nicotinegumworksinasimilarmanner,providingsmalldosesofnicotinewhenchewed.
Thebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludetheimmediatereductionofharmtothehealthofthesmokingandeasilyadmissiontosocialactivitiesandinstitutionsthatbansmoking.Ina1988report,theU.S.SurgeonGeneraldeclaredcigarettesmokingtobemoreharmfulandexpensivethantheuseofcocaine(可卡因),alcohol,orheroin.Recentevidencesupportsthisclaim.
TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthascollectedaspecialtaxoncigarettesforseveraldecades.Theraterosefrom8centsperpackof20cigarettesin1951to24centsperpackin1993.Inotherdevelopedcountries,thecigarettetaxrateismuchhigher,rangingfrom50percentinSwitzerlandto85percentinDenmark.
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdirectactiontochecksmokingwastheregulationofawarmingoncigarettepackagesbytheFederalTradeCommission.Thiswarningtookeffectin1964andwasstrengthenedin1969toread:“Warning:TheSurgeonGeneralHasDeterminedThatCigaretteSmokingIsDangeroustoYourHealth.”In1971allcigaretteadvertisingwasbannedfromradioandtelevision,andcitiesandstatespassedlawsrequiringnonsmokingsectionsinpublicplacesandworkplaces.
31.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpapersonquitsmoking?
A.Usingnicotinepatches.
B.Readingcigaretteadvertisements.
C.Chewingordinarygum.
D.Participatinginsocialactivities.
32.Nicotinegumisusedtohelpasmoker
A.stopsmoking
B.reduceweight
C.cleanhisteeth
D.absorbnicotineimmediately
33.ThebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT
A.thereductionofexpenses.
B.theformationofagoodhabit.
C.thereductionofharmtoone’shealth.
D.easieraccesstoinstitutionsthatbansmoking.
34.Whichofthefollowingissaidtobethemostexpensiveandharmful?
A.Consumingalcohol.
B.Usingheroin.
C.Smokingcigarettes.
D.Takingcocaine.
35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasteptocontrolsmoking?
A.Collectingaspecialtaxoncigarettes.
B.Forbiddingsmokinginallpublicplaces.
C.BanningcigaretteadvertisingfromradioandTV.
D.Requiringawarningoneachcigarettepackage.
第二篇EffectsofExerciseonElderlyDiabetics(糖尿病人)
Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetes(糖尿病)couldstoptakinginsulin(胰島素)iftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesjusttheretimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedinaCopenhagennewspaper,ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagencentralhospitalRigshospitalet’sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytomakeuseofinsulinby30percent.Thisisequaltotheeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedication(藥物治療)today.
Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeIIdiabetes,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldmakeuseofasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.
AssociateProfessorDrFlemmingDelaoftheMuscle
Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas(胰腺),controllingsugarinthebodyandisusedagainstdiabetes.
Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintosweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoffafterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.
Mostdiabeticsrealizethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareoftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.
36.WhatistheeffectofexerciseonelderlypeoplewithtypeIIdiabetes?
A.Itcanworsentheirsymptoms.
B.Itcanhelpthebodymakebetteruseofinsulin.
C.Itcanhelpthemtoeatmore.
D.Itcancurethemofthedisease.
37.Theexercisethattheresearcherstriedontheirtestsubjectswas
A.cyclingsixtimesaweekforthreemonths.
B.walkingbrisklyforthirtyminutesthreetimesaweek.
C.swimmingtwiceaday.
D.runningonceaday.
38.Theresearcherscheckedhowwellthetestsubjects’insulinworkedbymeasuring
A.thebloodsugarlevelintheirbodies.
B.thelengthoftimetheycouldcycleinonebreath.
C.theamountofsugartheirmusclescouldmakeuseof.
D.theamountofinsulintheytook.
39.Itisrecommendedthatdiabeticsmaintainsufficientexercisesinceotherwise
A.theirsymptomswillgetworse.
B.thebloodsugarlevelwillgoup.
C.theirconditionwillbeoutofcontrol.
D.thedesiredeffectcannotbeachieved.
40.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatmostdiabeticsareignorantof
A.thesignificanceofregularexercise.
B.thenecessityofwatchingtheirdiet.
C.theneedtocontroltheirweight.
D.theconsequencesoftakingtoomuchinsulin.
第三篇FirstAid
Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,aclearairway(氣道),andbreathing,inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim’sconditionformturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.
First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim’sneedsandtheprovider’slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal(脊柱的)injuryandparalysis(癱瘓).
Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assess,thescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson’sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet(手鐲)orcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.
Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim’sconditionisknownbytheacronym(首字母縮寫詞)ABC,whichstandsfor:
A---Airway:Isitopenandclear?
B---Breathing:Isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.
C---Circulation:Isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.
41FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPT
Asavingavictim’slife.
Bpreventingavictim’sconditionfromgettingworse.
Crelievingavictimfrompain.
Dhelpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury
42Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforus
Atomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo
Btorefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.
Ctoremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.
Dtotakehimtoahospitalatonce
43Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall
Aremovehimfromtheaccidentscene.
Bturnhimover
Ccallforprofessionalmedicalhelp
Dexaminehimcarefully
44Youmayassessavictim’sconditionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT
Acheckingwhetherthereisapulse.
Blooking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.
Creplacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.
Dexaminingwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.
45Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereader
Atheimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.
Bsomebasicfactsaboutfirstaid
Cwhatprofessionalmedicalhelpis
Dwhocaadministerfirstaid.
第5部分:補(bǔ)全短文(第46~50題,每題2分,共10分)
閱讀下面的短文,文章中有5處空白,文章后面有6組文字,請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字,將其分別放回文章原來位置,以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
LoweringtheRiskofHeartDisease
LikemillionsofotherAmericans,Icomefromafamilywithahistoryoftheheartdisease.Myfatherhadhisfirstthreeheartattackswhenhewasonlythirty-one._____________(46)Igrewupwithheartdisease.Itwasthere,butIdidn’ttakeitseriously.
WhenIwasthirty-one,mybloodcholesterol(膽固醇)levelwasmeasuredforthefirsttime.Itwas311mg/dl,thedoctortoldme-anextremelyhighlevelthatputmeataveryhighhighriskofheartdisease,especiallywithmyfamilyhistory.HesentmetotheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)tobescreenedforparticipationinaclinicaltrial._____________(47)
AtNIH,physiciansexplainedthedegreeofriskassociatedwithmybloodcholesterollevelandthenatureoftheexperiment.Thistestinvolvesputtingatubethroughalegartery(動(dòng)脈)uptotheheart._____________(48)
Learningabouttherisksoftheexperimentaswellastheriskassociatedwithmyraisedbloodcholesterollevelscaredthelifeoutofme.AlthoughIwasexcludedfromparticipatinginthestudy,theexperiencemaywellhavesavedmylife.
Forthefirsttime,Ibegantorealizetheseriousnessofhighbloodcholesterol.___________(49)Butequallyimportant,Igotatasteofwhatitisliketobeapatient,tohavetestsdoneonmeandtothinkofmyselfassick.Thiswashardtotake.
Thisexperiencetaughtmetwolifesavinglessons.First,althoughIfeltfitandstrong,Iwasactuallyathighriskforheartdiseasebecauseofmyhighbloodcholesterollevel.Andwithmyfamilyhistory,itcouldnotbeignored.________________(50)
ASecond,IcouldlowermybloodcholesterollevelsimplybychangingwhatIate.
BIwasthreeyearsoldatthattime.
CThereisnotenoughoxygenintheblood.
DItwasaheartattackjustwaitingtohappen
EThetrialwasdesignedtotesttheeffectofloweringbloodcholesterolontheriskofheartdisease.
FThedeathrateforthetestwasonly1in100,Iwasassured.
第6部分:完形填空(第51~65題,每題1分,共15分)
閱讀下面的短文,文中有15處空白,每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)同,請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案,涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上
ASpecialClock
Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclock________(51)plantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhento__________(52)theprotectivecocoon(防護(hù)卵袋)andflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.
Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal__________(53)theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseofthe__________(54)ofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort_________(55)ofwinter,itsfurb
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