語法填空-動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講義牛津深圳版英語八年級下冊

語法填空動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語語法填空動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)知識知識講解時(shí)態(tài)：表示動作發(fā)生或存在狀態(tài)以及表現(xiàn)方式的一種動詞形式。語態(tài)：用來說明主語和謂語之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。主動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或行為的主體；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者或行為的對象基本結(jié)構(gòu)是be+done（動詞過去分詞）我們將從“結(jié)構(gòu).和時(shí)間狀語這兩個(gè)方面來學(xué)習(xí)在語法填空中時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)。常用時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表時(shí)間方式現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般cleanscleanedwillcleanwouldclean進(jìn)行am/is/arecleaningwas/werecleaning完成have/hascleanedhadcleaned常用語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表時(shí)間方式現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般Is/arecleanedWas/werecleanedwillbecleanedwouldbecleaned進(jìn)行am/is/arebeingcleanedwas/werebeingcleaned完成have/hasbeencleanedhadbeencleaned1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：do/does被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+done例：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法有四種。(1)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài).能力.性格.個(gè)性。如: Mr.Greenhastwochildren.IlikeChinesefood.(2)表示經(jīng)常性.習(xí)慣性或反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)，如: IusuallyrestonSundays.Mr.Brownalwaysgetsupearly.LiLeigoestoseeUncleWangonceamonth.(3)表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理，如: ItneversnowsinAustraliainDecember.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(4)在條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如:Ifyoudon’tgosoon,you’llbelate.時(shí)間副詞：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與下列表示頻率的副詞或短語連用：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly，never,twiceaweek,onSundays等。Exercise1Insomepartsoftheworld,tea________withmilkandsugar.(serve)2..Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026______offat18:20.(take)3.Treesandflowers_________everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.(plant)4.Jackoftendoesthingsfoolishly,sohesometimes_________byothers.(laugh)5.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You＿＿＿＿yoursweaterinsideout.(wear)主動語態(tài)：did被動語態(tài)：was/were+done例：Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.一般過去時(shí)的用法（1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例：Wheredidyougojustnow?（2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwele.◆注：表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，除了用過去時(shí)外，還可以用usedto或would來表示。例：SheusedtostudylateintothenightwhenshewasinSeniorThree.(3）表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動作。例：Sheenteredtheroom,pickedupamagazineandlookedthroughitcarefully.時(shí)間標(biāo)志：在句子中出現(xiàn)justnow,yesterday,lastweek,month/summer/year,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等時(shí)間副詞用一般過去時(shí)。Exercise21.Oh,it’syou!I____________(notrecognize)youjustnow.2. Thisplace

___________(name)anationalwildlifereserve

lastyear.3.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit_______(happen).

4.________anewlibrary__________inyourschoollastyear?(build)5.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.主動語態(tài)：will/shalldo被動語態(tài)：will/shallbe+done例：Wewillcleantheclassroomsoon.Theclassroomwillbecleanedsoon.時(shí)間副詞.：當(dāng)句子中有tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening,nextweek,month,year，in2020，intwoweeks等時(shí)間副詞，用一般將來時(shí)。Exercise31.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_______(increase)theirsalesby20percent.

2.Adecision___________________(make)afterthemeetingthisafternoon.3.They_________________(stay)withusthisweek.4.Thetrain________________(arrive)inthreeweeks.5.Moreplants___________________(plant)inourschoolnextyear主動語態(tài)：am/is/aredoing被動語態(tài)：am/is/arebeing+done例：Wearecleaningtheclassroomnow.Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例：Wearewaitingforyou.（2）習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時(shí)動作未必正在進(jìn)行。例：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.時(shí)間副詞：當(dāng)句子中有now,atpresent，thisweek,thesedays，以及l(fā)ook,listen開頭的句子，提示我們動作正進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Exercise41.I_______________(write)anarticleaboutmychildhoodthesedays,butIhaven’tfinishedit.2.Themistakesintheexerciseswill____________(find)outbytheteacher.3.Look!Theboystudentsare_____footballontheplayground.4.Listen!Theclass______________(tell)tohandintheirhomeworknow.

主動語態(tài)：was/weredoing被動語態(tài)：was/werebeing+done例：Wewerecleaningtheclassroomthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候我們在打掃教室。Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候教室正在被打掃。時(shí)間副詞：ateightlastnight，Atthismomentyesterday，WhenIcametoseeherlasttime等表示過去某個(gè)點(diǎn)或者時(shí)間段正在做的事情用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Exercise51.I_____________(leave)whenthetelephonerang.2.Shirley_____________(write)abookaboutChinalastyear,butI’mnotsureifshehasfinishedit.3.Asshe__________(read)thenewspaper,Granny___________（fall）asleep.4.IcalledHannahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother________(talk)onthephoneallthetime!

主動語態(tài)：has/havedone被動語態(tài)：has/havebeen+done例：Theclassroomlookstidy.Wehavecleanedit.Theclassroomlookstidy.Ithasbeencleaned.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Ihaveseenthisfilm.(2)表示從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.

時(shí)間副詞：already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently等；常與“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for＋時(shí)間段”所構(gòu)成的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，也可與包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如thismorning,thesedays等。Exercise6Uptonow,theproject________________(help)thousandsofchildren.

2. IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey___________(teach)manytimesontheradio.

3. Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit__________(ruin).

4.Mike______________(visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.

5.We(nothear)fromthemforalongtime.7.過去完成時(shí)主動語態(tài)：haddone被動語態(tài)：hadbeen+done例：Theclassroomlookedtidy.Wehadcleanedit.Theclassroomlookedtidy.Ithadbeencleaned.過去完成時(shí)用法：（1）表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動作以前完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgotten200picturesfromthespaceship.（2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.（3）過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時(shí)從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。例如:IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.（4）時(shí)間狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如when,before,after,assoonas,till,until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.時(shí)間副詞：by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.Exercise71.Whenwearrivedattheairport,theplane____________(leave).2.Bytheendoflastterm,we_____________(learn)1000Englishwords.3.Itwasthethirdtimethatshe____________（visit）theHistoryMuseum.4.Howlongthefilm(begin)whenyougotthere?：表示對于過去某一時(shí)刻而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于主句動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)的賓語從句。主動語態(tài)：woulddo被動語態(tài)：wouldbe+done例：Wetoldhimthatwewouldcleantheclassroomsoon.Wetoldhimthattheclassroomwouldbecleanedsoon.Exercise8ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_______(make).

2. Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_____________(hold),someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.

3.Theysaidthey_____________（know）ouranswerthenextday.4.Shesaidshe_____________(put)onanewcoatthenextday.課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)單選題1. Hisfatheranywashinginthemorning. A.doesn’tdo B.doesn’t C.doesn’tdoes D.does2. I1000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm. A.havelearned B.hadlearned C.wouldlearn D.waslearning3. MybrotherknowsLondonverywell.Hetheremanytimes. A.hasbeen B.hasgone C.was D.went4. IfirstmetLisathreeyearsagowhenwe_____ataradiostationtogether. A.haveworked B.hadbeenworking C.wereworking D.hadworkedWewillgotoplaywithsnowifit__________tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.willsnow D.SnowedShe_______thatshe_________herbesttohelpthemthenexttime.A.say,willdo B.said,woulddo C.said,willdo D.says,woulddoMother________meanewcoatyesterday.I______iton.Itfitsmewell.A.hasmade,havetried B.made,havetriedC.hasmade,tried D.made,triedBythetimeI_______backthey________uptenmetres.A.came,hadclimbed B.came,climbedC.came,haveclimbed D.hade,climbed________thebabystill_______?No.Ithasstoppedcrying.A.Has,cried B.Is,crying C.Did,cry D.was,crying10. Hello!CanIspeaktoMr.White? Sorry,heisn’thererightnow.He______tothethemepark. A.willgo B.wasgoing C.hasgone D.hasbeen用所給詞的正確形式填空Theplan__________(give)upbecauseofrain.Theboyishappybecausehe__________(sell)outallthenewspapers.__________thiskindofcar___________(produce)inShanghaiinthe1990s?Threechildren____________(take)goodcarebythenurse.ThedoctorsaidJimmust_____________(operate)onatonce.WeareinGradeOnethisyear,sowe_____________(teach)physicsnextyear.Thebigtree_________(blow)downinthestormlastnight.Whatlanguage___________(speak)inAustralia?Thebridgehasalready____________(repair).Ifoundthatthestudents__________________(play)footballontheplayground.Key:1.Wasgiven2.Hassold3.wasproduced4.Weretaken5.Beoperated6.Willbetaught7.Wasblownisspoken9.Beenrepaired10.Wereplaying課后練習(xí)課后練習(xí)一．用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Everyyear,afestival__________(hold)attheBeijingBotanicalGarden.2. WhenImethimtheotherday,itwasthefirsttimewe______(see)eachothersincewewereatschool.3. Infact,moreandmorepeople_________(choose)toliveagreener,healthierandmoreenvironmentally“greenlife”.Thehousekeepermentionedthatthedog___________(attack)herdaughtermorethanonce.5.IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people__________(report)tobebillionaires（億萬富翁）in2003.

6.Finishingtheirshoppingatthemall,acouplediscoveredthattheirnewcar__________（steal）.7.I(fall)asleepwhilereadingtheEnglishtextbooks.Luckily,myroommatewokemeupintime.8.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidI(miss)halfofit.9.EverySaturdaynighttheplace___________(fill)totheceilingwithcountrymusicfans.10.Thebabyelephant’smother___________(kill),mostlikelybyapoacher（偷獵者onWednesday.二.語法填空A篇We1._____________(ask)__________________youprepareyourspeech.Thentry6__________(arrange)yourmaterialsothatyourspeechisclearandeasytofollow.Useasmanyexamplesaspossible.Neverforgetyouraudience.Don’ttalkovertheirheadsortalkdowntothem.Whenyou7____________(give)yourspeech，speakslowlyandclearlyandlookatyouraudience.Pauseforafewsecondsfromtimetotimetogiveyouraudiencechancetothinkoverwhatyou8____________(say).Justremember:be9____________(prepare),knowyoursubjectandyouraudience,saywhatyouhavetosayandbeyourselfsothatyourideas10__________(bring)youandyouraudiencetogether.Key:1.Areasked2.Successful3.About4.What5.when6.Toarrange7.Aregiving8.Havesaid9.Prepared10.willbringB篇LastyearmywifeandI1________(spend)amostinterestingmonthinTurkey.Beforeweleft,we2________(remind)ofthedifficultiesofdrivinginTurkey.Wecertainlydidnotfindthistobethecaseand,e