2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析(313-314)講義 高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯AfamousactorinahighlysuccessfulplaywasoncecastintheroleofanaristocratwhohadbeenimprisonedintheBastillefortwentyyears.Eventhoughthenoblewasexpectedtoreadtheletterateachperformance,healwaysinsistedthatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull.長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析AfamousactorinahighlysuccessfulplaywasoncecastintheroleofanaristocratwhohadbeenimprisonedintheBastillefortwentyyears.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為Afamousactorwasoncecastintheroleofanaristocrat。1.inahighlysuccessfulplay作actor的定語(yǔ)；2.whohadbeenimprisonedintheBastillefortwentyyears為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞aristocrat?！驹~匯精講】cast/kɑ?st/n.全體演員v.選派演員，投射【諺】castpearlsbeforeswine對(duì)牛彈琴aristocrat/??r.?.st?.kr?t/n.貴族【形】aristocraticimprison/?m?pr?z.?n/v.關(guān)押，囚禁【名】imprisonmentBastille/b??sti?l/n.巴士底監(jiān)獄Afterthefinalperformancethedirectorthrewapartyforthecast.最后一場(chǎng)演出過(guò)后，導(dǎo)演為全體演員舉辦了一場(chǎng)聚會(huì)。Unabletogooutbecauseofthedeepsnow,shefeltimprisonedinherownhouse.她因雪深無(wú)法外出，感覺(jué)自己像被囚在了屋內(nèi)。【參考譯文】一位著名演員曾在一部非常成功的戲劇中扮演一個(gè)貴族，這個(gè)貴族已被關(guān)押在巴士底獄二十年。Eventhoughthenoblewasexpectedtoreadtheletterateachperformance,healwaysinsistedthatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為healwaysinsisted…。1.Eventhoughthenoblewasexpectedtoreadtheletterateachperformance為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；2.thatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull作insisted的賓語(yǔ)從句，that可省，從句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可省?！驹~匯精講】noble/?n??.b?l/adj.高貴的，貴族的n.貴族【近】aristocrat貴族【辨】Nobel諾貝爾insist/?n?s?st/v.堅(jiān)持【組】insiston【辨】persistin堅(jiān)持，consistof由…組成，resist抗拒Hisfollowersbelievetheyarefightingforanoblecause.他的追隨者相信他們是在為一項(xiàng)崇高的事業(yè)而奮斗。Sheinsistedonseeingherlawyer.她堅(jiān)持要見她的律師。Gregstillinsists(that)hedidnothingwrong.格雷格仍堅(jiān)稱自己沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)任何事?！緟⒖甲g文】盡管那個(gè)貴族每場(chǎng)表演都會(huì)朗讀信，但他還是堅(jiān)持信要完整地寫出來(lái)。長(zhǎng)難句拓展1.Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.①小詞典idealized[a??d??la?zd]adj.理想化的v.把…理想化；以理想的形式表現(xiàn)事物ideal[a??di??l]adj.理想的，最佳的；想象的，不切實(shí)際的n.理想；典范，完美典型objective[?b?d?ekt?v]n.目的；目標(biāo)；攻擊目標(biāo)；物鏡；賓格adj.客觀的；客觀存在的；目標(biāo)的；賓格的objectivity[??bd?ek?t?v?ti]n.客觀；客觀性②句子分析：句子的主干是factsarewaitingtobeobservedandcollected，abouttheworld作主語(yǔ)facts的后置定語(yǔ)。介詞of后面引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)作version的后置定語(yǔ)，who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾researchers，其中含有一個(gè)不定式tocarryouttheirwork作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的。③參考譯文：科學(xué)研究的理想狀態(tài)是這樣的：世界的真相有待客觀的研究人員加以觀察和收集，并采取科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行研究。2.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.①小詞典gatekeeper[?ɡe?tki?p?(r)]n.看門人，守門人accompanying[??k?mp?ni??]v.陪伴，伴隨；伴奏；與……同時(shí)發(fā)生；附加（accompany的現(xiàn)在分詞）adj.陪伴的；和……一起發(fā)生的；附隨的accompany[??k?mp?ni]v.陪伴，陪同；伴隨，與……一起發(fā)生；為……伴奏（或伴唱）；附帶，補(bǔ)充②句子分析：句子的主干是由四個(gè)并列的分句組成，within引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)表示范圍，介詞of引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)作structure的后置定語(yǔ)，介詞by引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)作方式狀語(yǔ)，不定式tosuittheirownpurposes表示目的。③參考譯文：在科學(xué)界復(fù)雜的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中，研究人員從事科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)；編輯和評(píng)審像門衛(wèi)一樣控制著發(fā)表過(guò)程；其他科學(xué)家則根據(jù)各自需要運(yùn)用這個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)；最后，公眾(包括其他科學(xué)家)接受了這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)以及可能隨之而來(lái)的技術(shù)。Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.①小詞典credible[?kred?b(?)l]adj.可靠的，可信的modification[?m?d?f??ke??n]n.修改，修正；改變r(jià)efutation[?refju?te??n]n.反駁；駁斥；辯駁②句子分析：句子的主干是newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoverieswillalwaysbeopen,主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞。that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾discoveries，其中有一個(gè)and并列的賓語(yǔ)challenge和modificationorrefutation，介詞by引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)引出了被動(dòng)句的施動(dòng)者。③參考譯文：不足為奇的是，那些看起來(lái)重要而有說(shuō)服力的新發(fā)表的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明和可信發(fā)現(xiàn)總是要面對(duì)未來(lái)研究人員的挑戰(zhàn)、可能的修正或者駁斥。長(zhǎng)難句精講精練1.Shay’sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam,butthefatheralsounderstoodthatifhisson,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,wereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.【句式翻譯】Shay的爸爸明白大多數(shù)孩子是不想讓Shay這樣的孩子在隊(duì)里的，但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有殘障的孩子可以打球，這會(huì)給他急需的歸屬感和自信。【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)that都引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句包含一個(gè)條件從句，條件從句運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）allowvt.允許，具體用法參見第53句。2)sensen.感覺(jué)；感官；意義；makesense有意義；有道理；makesenseof理解Canyoumakesenseofwhatthisbooksays?你能理解這本書的內(nèi)容嗎?I’mafraidIhaven’tgotaverygoodsenseofdirection,soIeasilygetlost.恐怕我的方向感很差,因此我容易迷路。Hissenseoftouchgraduallytooktheplaceofsight.他的觸覺(jué)逐步代替了視覺(jué)?！菊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：①表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)”，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might＋do”。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’trefusehisinvitation.如果我是你，我不會(huì)拒絕他的請(qǐng)求。IfMr.Smithhadtimenow,hewouldattendthemeeting.如果史密斯先生有時(shí)間，他會(huì)參加會(huì)議的。②表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“haddone”，主句中用“would/should/could/might＋havedone”。如：Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。③表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“shoulddo/weretodo/過(guò)去式”，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。如：Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow,don’texpectme.萬(wàn)一明天下雨，就別等我了。④錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句：所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，比如，從句指過(guò)去，而主句卻指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Ifyou’dlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.如果你聽了我的話，你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)有這樣的麻煩了。⑤當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were,should,had等詞置于句首。如：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。2.Inthepast,ifsomeonelikemehadfailedtogetintouniversitythroughthecollegeexam,hewouldhavehadnochanceofgettingadegree.【句式翻譯】過(guò)去，像我這樣不能通過(guò)高考而進(jìn)入大學(xué)的人士，是沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)拿到學(xué)位的?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫菑?fù)合句,if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】failv.失??；使失望Iwouldn’tlosecourageevenifIshouldfailtentimes.即使要失敗十次，我也絕不灰心。YoucanalwaysrelyonJim,hewon’tfailyou.你可以永遠(yuǎn)信任吉姆,他不會(huì)讓你失望的。Thewordsfailtoconveythemeaning.詞不達(dá)意。3.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.【句式翻譯】有些社會(huì)科學(xué)家建議，西方人應(yīng)該利用古代中國(guó)人的智慧來(lái)彌補(bǔ)西方哲學(xué)體系當(dāng)中的不足?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫菑?fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）takeadvantagesof利用；占……的便宜He’sjoiningtheclubinordertotakeadvantageoftheothers.他入會(huì)是來(lái)揩油的。Inspringweusuallysettheclocksaheadonehourtotakeadvantageofthesummerdaylight.春季我們通常把鐘撥快一小時(shí)以充分利用夏天的白晝。2）makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)；makeup組成；補(bǔ)足；化妝；編造Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofability.努力工作經(jīng)常可以彌補(bǔ)能力的不足。Itdidn’ttakeherlongtomakeup.她很快就化妝好了。Theteacherhelpedhispupilsmakeupthelessonst