2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析(291-292)講義 高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯Fourdaysaftersettingout,whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywatersoftheNorthAtlantic,ahugeicebergwassuddenlyspottedbyalookout.Below,thecaptainrealizedtohishorrorthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly,forfiveofhersixteenwatertightcompartmentshadalreadybeenflooded!長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析Fourdaysaftersettingout,whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywatersoftheNorthAtlantic,ahugeicebergwassuddenlyspottedbyalookout.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為ahugeicebergwassuddenlyspottedbyalookout。1.Fourdaysaftersettingout作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；2.whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywatersoftheNorthAtlantic為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，while表示“當(dāng)”時(shí)，通常使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，此外while還可表示“雖然”“而”?！驹~匯精講】setout(todo)開始，出發(fā)【同】setoffdoing,setaboutdoingicy/?a?.si/adj.冰冷的，冷漠的waters/?w??.t?rz/n.海域，領(lǐng)海iceberg/?a?s.b??ɡ/n.冰山【習(xí)】thetipoftheiceberg冰山一角spot/sp?t/n.點(diǎn)，地點(diǎn)v.看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)【組】onthespot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，bespottedwith布滿…斑點(diǎn)lookout/?l?k.a?t/n.瞭望員，瞭望臺(tái)【動(dòng)】lookout當(dāng)心【參考譯文】出發(fā)四天后，當(dāng)“泰坦尼克號(hào)”行駛在北大西洋冰冷的海面時(shí)，一座巨型冰山突然被一個(gè)瞭望員發(fā)現(xiàn)。Below,thecaptainrealizedtohishorrorthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly,forfiveofhersixteenwatertightcompartmentshadalreadybeenflooded!【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句主干為thecaptainrealized…。1.tohishorror為方式狀語(yǔ)，意為“令他感到驚恐的是”；2.thattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly作realized的賓語(yǔ)從句，that可省略；3.forfiveofhersixteenwatertightcompartmentshadalreadybeenflooded為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，for可替換為because,as或since?！驹~匯精講】below/b??l??/adv./prep.在下面【反】above在上面captain/?k?p.t?n/n.隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，船長(zhǎng)，機(jī)長(zhǎng)v.擔(dān)任隊(duì)長(zhǎng)（船長(zhǎng)、機(jī)長(zhǎng)）【辨】capturev.n.俘虜，捕獲horror/?h?r.?r/n.驚恐【形】horrible令人震驚的，糟透的【辨】terror恐怖flood/fl?d/n.洪水v.淹沒，大量涌入【形】flooded被淹沒的【組】afloodof大量的，befloodedwith充滿【參考譯文】在下面，船長(zhǎng)驚恐地意識(shí)到“泰坦尼克號(hào)”正在急速下沉，因?yàn)槭鶄€(gè)密封艙中的五個(gè)已經(jīng)進(jìn)水。長(zhǎng)難句拓展1.InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenoncommercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofthenativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.①小詞典ecologically[?i?k??l?d??kli]adv.從生態(tài)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)看ecology[i?k?l?d?i]n.生態(tài)學(xué)；生態(tài)ecological[?i?k??l?d??kl]adj.生態(tài)的，生態(tài)學(xué)的noncommercial[?n?nk??m????l]adj.非經(jīng)營(yíng)的commercial[k??m???(?)l]adj.商業(yè)的，商務(wù)的；商業(yè)化的，以獲利為目的的n.電視廣告，電臺(tái)廣告community[k??mju?n?ti]n.社區(qū)；[生態(tài)]群落；共同體；團(tuán)體②句子分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是thenoncommercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofthenativeforestcommunity。where引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Europe。不定式短語(yǔ)tobepreserved是thenoncommercialtreespecies的后置定語(yǔ)。③參考譯文：在林業(yè)生態(tài)更為發(fā)達(dá)的歐洲，沒有商業(yè)價(jià)值的樹種被合理地看成是當(dāng)?shù)厣秩郝涞某蓡T，并得到相應(yīng)的保護(hù)。Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.①小詞典eliminate[??l?m?ne?t]v.排除，消除element[?el?m?nt]n.元素；要素；原理；成分；自然環(huán)境②句子分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Ittendstoignoreandtoeliminatemanyelements。句中兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的并列的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾elements。③參考譯文：這種保護(hù)系統(tǒng)往往忽視陸地群落中諸多缺乏商業(yè)價(jià)值、但對(duì)其健康運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要的物種，而最終導(dǎo)致它們的滅絕。Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughterrelaxedmuscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.①小詞典indicate[??nd?ke?t]vt.表明；指出；預(yù)示；象征laughter[?lɑ?ft?(r)]n.笑；笑聲②句子分析：句子的主干是Studiesindicate?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)datingbacktothe1930s作后置定語(yǔ)修飾studies。thatlaughterrelaxedmuscles引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，decreasingmuscletone在賓語(yǔ)從句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)forupto45minutes作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，afterthelaughdiesdown是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。③參考譯文：可追溯到20世紀(jì)30年代的研究表明，笑可以放松肌肉，在笑聲消失后，肌肉的緊張程度也會(huì)降低長(zhǎng)達(dá)45分鐘。長(zhǎng)難句精講精練1.Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.【句式翻譯】要真正開發(fā)同理心，你最好在養(yǎng)老院或醫(yī)院做志愿者，加入一個(gè)有多樣化的會(huì)員的俱樂部或團(tuán)隊(duì)，與你的家人有一個(gè)“共享圈”，或者在動(dòng)物收容所照顧寵物?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫菑?fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞acluborateam，volunteer,join,have和spend是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Toreallydevelop…在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】volunteerv.志愿n.志愿者Somegraduatesvolunteertoworkinthecountryside.一些大學(xué)生自愿到農(nóng)村去。Shenowhelpsinalocalschoolasavolunteerthreedaysaweek.目前她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覍W(xué)校做志愿工作，一周去3天?！菊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】不定式todo可以作目的狀語(yǔ)（其否定形式：nottodo），相當(dāng)于inordertodo和soastodo(soastodo只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：Oneshouldgetenoughexercisetokeephealthy.為了維持身體健康，一個(gè)人要有足夠的鍛煉。Tofindabetterjob,alotofpeoplechoosetogotothebigcities.為了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。2.Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.【句式翻譯】自豪地閱讀我寫的內(nèi)容時(shí)，我環(huán)顧整個(gè)房間，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我的同學(xué)笑得眼淚都要流出來(lái)了。【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句，包含有三個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，readingmywords和onlytofind…分別作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，bearing…作賓補(bǔ)?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】glancevi瞥；瀏覽；后面常跟at,through,over等介詞Ipickedupthephonebookandglancedthroughit.我拿起電話簿，匆匆掃了一遍。Heglancedathiswatchandlefttheroom.他匆匆看了一下手表，離開了房間?！菊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常被just或only修飾，置于句末，用逗號(hào)和句子分開。如：Iwenttotheclassroom,onlytofindnobodythere.我去了教室，卻沒有見到一個(gè)人。Herushedtothedoor,onlytodiscoverthatitwaslockedandbarred.他沖到門邊,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門已被鎖死了。3.At12yearsoldshewonaGuinnessRecordwhenshebecametheyoungestfemaletowinthewomen’sworldtitleforplatformdivingattheWorldChampionshipsinAustraliain1991.【句式翻譯】1991年，12歲的伏明霞就獲得了一項(xiàng)吉尼斯紀(jì)錄，當(dāng)時(shí)她參加了在澳大利亞舉行的跳臺(tái)跳水世界錦標(biāo)賽，成為最年輕的女子世界冠軍。【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，when在句中引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，towinthewomen'sworldtitle…作定語(yǔ)，修飾theyoungestfemale?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】championshipn.冠軍稱號(hào)；錦標(biāo)賽Weareproudforyoutowinthechampionship.我們?yōu)槟阙A得冠軍而驕傲。Allthegoldmedalsforthechampionshipfelltotheteam.本屆錦標(biāo)賽的所有金牌都被這個(gè)隊(duì)奪得。4.Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.【句式翻譯】把酒精從體內(nèi)消除是個(gè)緩慢的過程，也不可能通過任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡來(lái)加速其消除的過程?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫怯刹⒘羞B詞and連接的復(fù)合句，Togetridofalcohol和tospeeditup在句中都作主語(yǔ)?！驹~語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)getridof擺脫；除去Howtogetridofairpollutionisstillabigproblem.如何清除空氣污