《大學(xué)綜合英語(yǔ)》課件-Unit 3 - Arthur Asher Miller

ArthurMillerArthurAsherMiller(October17,1915–February10,2005)wasaprolificAmericanplaywright,essayist,andprominentfigureintwentieth-centuryAmericantheatre.AmonghismostpopularplaysareAllMySons(1947),DeathofaSalesman(1949),TheCrucible(1953)andAViewfromtheBridge(1955,revised1956).HealsowroteseveralscreenplaysandwasmostnotedforhisworkonTheMisfits(1961).ThedramaDeathofaSalesmanisoftennumberedontheshortlistoffinestAmericanplaysinthe20thcenturyalongsideLongDay'sJourneyintoNightandAStreetcarNamedDesire.Millerwasofteninthepubliceye,particularlyduringthelate1940s,1950sandearly1960s.Duringthistime,hewasawardedthePulitzerPrizeforDrama;testifiedbeforetheHouseUn-AmericanActivitiesCommittee;andwasmarriedtoMarilynMonroe.HereceivedthePrinceofAsturiasAwardandthePremiumImperialprizein2002andtheJerusalemPrizein2003，aswellastheDorothyandLillianGishLifetimeAchievementAwardandthePulitzerPrize.BiographyArthurAsherMillerwasbornonOctober18,1915,inHarlem,intheNewYorkCityboroughofManhattan,thesecondofthreechildrenofAugusta(Barnett)andIsidoreMiller.MillerwasJewishHisfamilybackgroundwasnotbad.ButinthewallStreetCrashof1929,thefamilylostalmosteverythingandmovedtoGravesend,Brooklyn.Asateenager,Millerdeliveredbreadeverymorningbeforeschooltohelpthefamily.Aftergraduatingin1932fromAbrahamLincolnHighSchool,heworkedatseveralmenialjobstopayforhiscollegetuition.AttheUniversityofMichigan,Millerfirstmajoredinjournalismandworkedforthestudentpaper,theMichiganDaily.Itwasduringthistimethathewrotehisfirstplay,NoVillain.MillerswitchedhismajortoEnglish,andsubsequentlywontheAveryHopwoodAwardforNoVillain.Theawardbroughthimhisfirstrecognitionandledhimtobegintoconsiderthathecouldhaveacareerasaplaywright.MillerenrolledinaplaywritingseminartaughtbytheinfluentialProfessorKennethRowe,whoinstructedhiminhisearlyforaysintoplaywritingMillerretainedstrongtiestohisalmamaterthroughouttherestofhislife,establishingtheuniversity'sArthurMillerAwardin1985andArthurMillerAwardforDramaticWritingin1999,andlendinghisnametotheArthurMillerTheatrein2000.FamousWorkAllMySonsDeathofASalesmanAViewfromtheBridgeTheCrucibleDeathofaSalesmanDeathofaSalesman

isa1949playwrittenbyAmericanplaywrightArthurMiller.Itwastherecipientofthe1949PulitzerPrizeforDramaandTonyAwardforBestPlay.TheplaypremieredonBroadwayinFebruary1949,runningfor742performances,andhasbeenrevivedonBroadwayfourtimes,winningthreeTonyAwardsforBestRevival.Itiswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestplaysofthe20thcentury.ABriefIntroductionofThisNovel

WillyLoman,asalesmanofaclothingcompanyinNewYork.Hisworkwastosaleclothestoothers.Andhealwaysbelievedthathewouldberichonedaythoughhiswork.Unfortunately,hewasfiredashewastoooldafter36years.Thisaccidentreallyhurthim,hewasextremelydisappointed.Whenhecamebackhome,hetoldhiswifeaboutthisbuthiswifejustaccepteditcalmlyandsmiledtohim.ThisreactionreallymadeWillyfeelmorestressful.Asforhistwosons,BiffandHappy,theywerebothlazyandhadnolegaljob.Theydidnotreachtheirfather’sexpectation.TheirbadliferuinedWilly’sfinalhope.Sotheirfatherchosetodietoendallthings.TheMoralThisbookwaswrittenin1949.Atthattime,America’seconomywasprosperous;buttherewasalwaysabiggapbetweentherichandthepoor.“TheAmericanDream”wasfairlypopularatthattimebutitmadenosense.AsforWilly,hisdeathwasjustatypicalphenomenonatthattime.ItshowedarulethatthelosershadnorighttoaliveinAmericaatthattime;itwastherich’sera.Anditalsoshowedthatsomepeoplejustheldareachlessdreamandneverdidusefulthingstoachievetheirgoals.MarriageIn1940,hemarriedMaryGraceSlattery.Thecouplehadtwochildren,JaneandRobert(bornMay31,1947).MillerwasexemptedfrommilitaryserviceduringWorldWarIIbecauseofahigh-schoolfootballinjurytohisleftkneecap.1940wasalsotheyearhisfirstplaywasproduced;TheManWhoHadAlltheLuckwontheTheatreGuild'sNationalAward.(HisFirstWife)HisSecondWife——MarilynMonroeMiller'ssecondwife,MarilynMonroe,inherfinalcompletedfilm,TheMisfits(1961).InJune1956,MillerlefthisfirstwifeMarySlatteryandonJune29hemarriedMarilynMonroe.MillerandMonroehadmetinApril23,1951,whentheyhadabriefaffair,andhadremainedincontactsincethen.MillerbegantoworkonTheMisfits,starringhiswife.Millerlatersaidthatthefilmingwasoneofthelowestpointsinhislife;shortlybeforethefilm'spremierein1961,thepairdivorced.19monthslater,Monroediedofapossibledrugoverdose.HisThirdWife

Miller'sfuturewifeIngeMorathworkedasaphotographerdocumentingthefilm'sproduction.ThefilmprovedtobethelastappearancesforbothMonroeandClarkGable,andoneofthelastforMontgomeryClift.MillermarriedphotographerIngeMorathonFebruary17,1962andthefirstoftheirtwochildren,Rebecca,wasbornSeptember15,1962.TheirsonDanielwasbornwithDownsyndromeinNovember1966;hewasinstitutionalizedandexcludedfromtheMillers'personallifeatArthur'sinsistence.ThecoupleremainedtogetheruntilInge'sdeathin2002.ArthurMiller'sson-in-la