高二英語測試報：U第二部分教學案Grammarandusage（牛津譯林版）

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精M4U3Tomorrow’sworld學案Grammarandusage（被動語態(tài)）第一部分：重點講解語態(tài)(Voice)，作為一個語法范疇,是表示主語和動詞之間的主動或被動關系的動詞行式。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)（ActiveVoice)和被動語態(tài)(PassiveVoice）。當主語為動作執(zhí)行者即施動者時，動詞用主動態(tài);如果主語是動作的承受者即受動者時，動詞便用被動態(tài)。例如:

(1)JohnhelpedPeter.

（2）PeterwashelpedbyJohn。

句(1）helped是主動態(tài)；句(2)washelped是被動態(tài),可見主動態(tài)是無標記的，而被動態(tài)是有標記的。

構成被動語態(tài)由助動詞be的時態(tài)之一和及物動詞的過去分詞構成。被動語態(tài)可用于各種時態(tài)，其時態(tài)變化通過助動詞be的不同形式來體現(xiàn)。如：一般現(xiàn)在時的被動態(tài)構成形式為助動詞am/is/are+過去分詞;而一般過去時的被動態(tài)構成形式為was/were+過去分詞。本冊要掌握的被動語態(tài)形式有：

一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+過去分詞

e。g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld。

I’moftenaskedtodothiswork.

我常常被派做這項工作。

一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞

e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi'an。

Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity。

Whenwasthebuildingcompleted？

這座大樓什么時候建成的?

一般將來時：will（shall)+be+過去分詞

begoingto+be+過去分詞

e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon。

Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest。

一般過去將來時：should（would）be+過去分詞

e。g。Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.

Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek。

現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+過去分詞

e。g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany。

一家外國公司正在承建這座新機場。

Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.

過去進行時：was/werebeing+過去分詞

e.g。ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere。

ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintothe

teacher’soffice。

將來完成時：willhavebeen+過去分詞

e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswill

havebeenlearned.

Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.

現(xiàn)在完成時:has/have+been+過去分詞

e.g。Alltheticketshavebeensold。

Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

這本書已被譯成多種語言。

過去完成時：hadbeen+過去分詞

e。g。Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.

AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema。

過去將來完成時:wouldhavebeen+過去分詞

e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearnedby2001.

Theypromisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublished

bythenextmonth.

情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞

e。g.Thisroadmustbemended。

Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork。

工作中可能需要這些機器零部件。

動詞不定式:tobe+過去分詞

e。g.I’mgladtobeaskedquestions。

Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.

失去的時間不可彌補。

主要用法被動態(tài)常用于下列幾種場合：

1．當不知道或不必提出動作的執(zhí)行者時（這時都不帶由by引起的短語）；

PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.

印刷術是從中國引入歐洲的.

TheairplanewasmadeinU。S.

Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren。這種書是為兒童寫的。

2。動作的承受者是談話的中心（這時可帶有由by引起的短語);

Thesongwascomposedbyastudent。

這首歌曲是一個學生譜寫的。

Thousandsofriversarepollutedinthecountry.

3。出于禮貌措詞等原因而不愿說出動作執(zhí)行者是誰。

Youarerequestedtogethereintime。

請您準時來這兒.

帶行為主體的被動態(tài)行為主體就是動作的執(zhí)行者，即執(zhí)行動詞所表達的動作的人或物。在被動句中,往往不提及行為主體；但當強調動作的執(zhí)行者時，可用介詞by引出行為(by+主體行為主體）,置于被動態(tài)句的末尾，說明是什么人或物應對有關事件負責。

e.g.Thevillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.

這個村莊毀于炸彈.

Thepaintingisveryvaluable.ItwaspaintedbyVanGogh.

這幅畫很值錢，它是梵·高畫的。

其它用法補充

1.“It+被動語態(tài)+that從句”。表示謹慎或不太肯定的語氣.常用于該結構的動詞有：say，think,believe,agree，expect,consider,feel,know，decide，report，suggest,prove等.

e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagainthismonth.

據說本月物價還將上漲。

Itisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear。

據認為每年約有一百條狗出生.

Itisreportedthatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.

據報導所有乘客在那次飛機墜毀中遇難。

Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.

2.用于通告標題廣告等的被動態(tài)往往省去助動詞be.

e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.

Shoesrepaired。

FamousPaintingStolen。名畫被盜.

第二部分：練習：1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear？A。Is;built B.Was;built C。Does;build D.Did;build2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek。A。hasbeenhappened B.washappened C。ishappened D。happened3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina。A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D。grow4。Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A。isvisited B。willbevisited C。hasbeenvisited D。wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A。isgiven B.hasbeengiven C。willbegiven D.gives6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing B。arebeingdone C。hasbeendoneD。willbedone7。Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn’tsent B。hasn'tbeensent C。won’tbesent D。wasn’tsent8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?-—Lastyear。A.did；use B。was;used C.is;used D.are；used9.Who_____thisbook_____?A。did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D。was；written10。Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedto B.wasaskedto C.isasked D.asksto11。Astory_____byGrannyyesterday。A.wastoldus B。wastoldtous C。istoldus D。toldus12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree。A。jump B。jumps C。jumped D。tojump13。Olderpeople____well.A。looksafterB。mustbelookedafterC。mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher______carefully。A。shouldbelistenedto B。shouldbelisten C。belistened D。islistened15。Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar。A.isserving B。isserved C。serves D.served16。Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.A.hasbeen B.hadbeen C.has D。had17。Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompleted B。willbecompletedC。hadbeencompleted D。isbeingcompleted18。Greatchanges____inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_____in1949。A.havetakenplace；wasfounded B.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;founded D.tookplace；founded19?！猈hydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?-Shehas_______byherclassmates。A。laughed B.laughedat C。beenlaughed D。beenlaughedat20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld。A.need B。areneeding C.areneeded D.willneed21。Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A。betakencare B.betakencareofC。takecare D.takecareof22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A。beengiven B.given C.togive D.begiven23。I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer。A。gave B。wasgiven C。wasgiving D。hadgiven24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A。preventfrom B.preventedfromC.bepreventedfrom D.topreventfrom25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad。A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D。bebuilding26。Thisbike________lastyear。A。bought B.hasbeenbought C。wasbought D。hadbeenbought27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroying B.destroyed C。woulddestroy D.wasdestroyed28。It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital。A。hasn’tbeendecided B。isn’tdeciding C.doesn’tdecide D.hasn’tdecided29。Thepen_______me.Itishers。A.isn’tbelongto B。wasn’tbelongtoC。doesn'tbelongto D.didn’tbelongto30。Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepaired C.willrepair D.wasrepairing31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.A.wasexpected;heard B。hadexpected;hearChadhoped；hear D.washoped;heard32．-Thewindowisdirty。-Iknow.It_____forweeks。(2004全國03)A。hasn'tcleaned B。didn’tclean C。wasn’tcleaned D。hasn'tbeencleaned33.Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing。A.wouldbecompleted B。wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD。hadbeencompleted34?！狧owlong_______atthisjob？-Since1990.（NMET2003北京春季,27）A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD。willyoubeemployed35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?-_______。(NMET2003北京春季，34）A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem36.ThisisTed