高二英語黃金閱讀理解：地理類（含詳解）

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精高中英語黃金閱讀(高二版)GoldenReadingforSeniorMiddleSchoolStudents十、地理類（1)ThetotalareaoftheUnitedStatesissome9。4millionsquarekilometers，whichmakesitthefourthlargestcountryintheworld.Itsmainlandcoversadistanceofnearly5，000kilometersfromeasttowest，andabout2，500kilometersfromsouthtonorth。SurroundedbythreeoceansandtheGulfofMexico，ithasalongcoastline(海岸線）ofabout20000kilometers,whichmakesitoneofthecountrieswiththelongestcoastlineintheworld.TheUnitedStatesliesinthesouthofNorthAmericaanditssoutherntipreachesthesubtropicalzone（亞熱帶）。Onthenorththecountrysharesmorethan6，000kilometersoflandborderwithCanadawhichrunsapproximately（大約)alongthe49thparallel（緯線)inthewestpartandthenacrossthefourofthefiveGreatLakesbeforeturningtothenortheast。TheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanadaisopenandundefended。ThesouthernlandneighbouroftheUnitedStatesisMexicowithwhichitsharesacommonborderofsome3,000kilometers.ThecoastareaoftheGulfofMexicoisthemostimportantoil—producingregion(地區(qū)）intheUnitedStates。TothewestofthemainlandisthePacificacrosswhichtheUnitedStatestrades(貿易）itsproductsforgoodsfromtheFarEast.TotheeastofthecountryliestheAtlanticwhichwitnessed（目睹)largenumbersofEuropeanimmigrants（移民）sailingtotheirAmericancolonies(殖民地）。TheAtlanticisstillthemostimportantsearoutefromtheUnitedStatestoEuropeandtheMiddleEast.1.Thispassageismainlyaboutthe_______oftheUnitedStates.A.name B.sizeandposition C。population D.coastline2.TheUnitedStatesis_______.A.thelargestcountryintheworldB。acountrywiththelongestcoastlineC。intheNorthofSouthAmericaD.mainlybetweenthesubtropicalzoneandthe49thparallel3。Themostimportantoil-producingregionoftheUnitedStatesisin_______.A。thelandborderwithCanada B。thesouthC。thecoastareaofthePacific D。Mexico4。ThefiveGreatLakesbelongto_______.A。Canada B.Mexico C.theUnitedStatesD.England5.ThepeopleoftheUnitedStatesweremostlyimmigrantsfrom_______。A。Europe B.theAtlanticC.theFarEast D.theMiddleEast6。WhichofthedrawingsbelowgivesthecorrectpositionandshapeoftheUnitedStates？(P=Pacific;GM=theGulfofMexico;C=Canada；M=Mexico；A=Atlantic）有圖：見《高考英語模擬試題集注》P115頁【答案與解析】本文主要講了美國的大陸面積以及其優(yōu)越的地理位置。1.B。主旨題。根據(jù)文章內容可知此題選B。2.D.推斷題。美國是世界第四大國，故A項錯誤；由文中第1段最后一句可知是和三大洋以及墨西哥灣一起組成世界最長的海岸線，故B項錯誤；從第2段第1句TheUnitedStatesliesinthesouthofNorthAmerica…可知C項錯誤，故答案選D。3。B。推斷題.根據(jù)Thesouthernlandneighbour…和ThecoastareaoftheGulfofMexicoisthemostimportantoil-producingregion（地區(qū))intheUnitedStates可知墨西哥灣沿海岸是美國最重要的石油產(chǎn)地，故此題答案為B。但不能選D(墨西哥）。4.C。細節(jié)題。從文中第2段第2句可知此題選C。5。A。細節(jié)題.從…largenumbersofEuropeanimmigrants(移民）sailingtotheirAmericancolonies可知答案為A。6。B。推斷題。從文中美國的地理位置“北邊是Canada，南邊是Mexico”和大陸面積“東西約5000千米，南北約2500千米”可知答案選B。（2)Eclipseofthesun(日食）Beginningaroundtenpasteight，mostpartofourcountrycanseeanannular(環(huán)狀的）eclipseofthesuntoday。Generally，theumbra（本影）ofthemoondoesnotreachtheearth’ssurface；however，becauseoftheeccentricity（偏心）ofthemoon'sorbit(軌跡)sometimestheumbraofthemoon’sshadowextendstotheearth’ssurface。Thenatotaleclipseofthesuntakesplace。Theobserverwithintheareacoveredbytheumbraseesthedarkcircleofthemooncompletelyhidingthesun’sdisk（日輪）。Anannulareclipsehappenswhentheumbraisdirectedtowardtheearthbutitistooshorttoreachit.Withinasmallareaoftheearth’ssurfacethemoonisseenalmostcentrallyprojected（投影)onthediskofthesun，butthemoonappearsslightlythesmallerofthetwo，sothataringofthesun'sdiskremainsuncovered.1。Wecanseeanannulareclipseofthesunabout_______today.A。8：10a.m。 B。10：08a.m. C.8:10p.m。 D.10:08p。m.2.Thedirectreasonofthesun’stotaleclipseliesinthefactthat_______。A。themoonmovesinaneccentricorbitB.theumbraofthemoongetstotheearth’ssurfaceC.theumbraofthemoondoesnotreachtheearth’ssurfaceD.bothAandB3.Whenanannulareclipseofthesunappears，_______.A。wecanseearing-likethemoonB。thesunissmallerthanthemoonC.apartoftheumbraofthemoonreachestheearth’ssurfaceD.theumbracannotreachtheearthbutitfacestheearthdirectly4.Whenatotaleclipseofthesunhappens_______.A。theobservercanseearing-likesunB.theobservercanseethesun’sroundsurfaceC.theobservercannotseethesunatallD。theobservercanseethesun’sshadowonly5。Whichisthefigure（圖）ofanannulareclipseofthesun?(E=theearth;M=themoon;S=thesun）有圖：見《高考英語模擬試題集注》P132頁(ABDCB）【答案與解析】本文主要說明日食是怎樣形成的。1.A.從文中第1句可得知答案為A。2.B.從文中第2段可知日全食的形成的直接原因是有時月球的本影延伸到地球表面,所以答案選B。3.D。從文中第3段第1句可知答案為D（tooshorttoreachit=cannotreachtheearth）。4。C。從第2段最后一句…seesthedarkcircleofthemooncompletelyhidingthesun'sdisk可知月球光環(huán)把日輪完全地遮住了,所以此題答案選C（根本看不到太陽)。5。B.根據(jù)常識可排除C、D，因為發(fā)生日食時，太陽、月球和地球應在同一直線上；雖然A、B兩圖中的太陽、月球和地球處于同一直線上，但根據(jù)Anannulareclipsehappenswhentheumbraisdirectedtowardtheearthbutitistooshorttoreachit可確定答案為B.（3）WhentheFederalgovernmentofAustraliawasformedin1901，nooneknewwhereAustralia’scapitalwouldbe。ThetwocitiesofMelbourneandSydneybothwantedthehonor。Instead,thefoundingfatherschoseforthenewcapitalasite（地點)halfwaybetweenthetwo.ThegovernmentwouldbuildanewcitycalledCanberraasthecountry’scapital.In1911,thegovernmentinvitedtheworld’sleadingarchitects(建筑師）toenterdesignsforCanberrainacontest(比賽).AnAmericanarchitectfromChicagonamedWalterGriffinwon。ThegovernmentdecidedtobuildCanberraaccordingtohisplan.MenstartedworkonCanberrain1913,buttwenty-fouryearspassedbeforethecitywasfinished。Atonetime,almosteveryoneinCanberraworkedforthegovernment。However，thecitytodayhasbecomeacenterofeducationandafavoriteplacefortourists(旅游者).Nowpeoplecanholdagovernmentjob,ortheycanworkinbusiness.Theycanalsoearnalivingbyteachingorbymeetingtheneedsoftourists.CanberraisnowAustralia'slargestinland(內陸的）city.ManypeoplelivingtherehavecomefromothercitiesinAustraliaandfromotherlands。TheyhavecometoCanberratowork.Somehavecometoescapethemorehectic(狂熱的）wayoflifefoundinmanyothercities.1.WhywasthecityofCanberradesignedbyanAmerican?A.Hewasaleadingarchitectofthattime.B。HewasprobablythedesignerofWashingtonD.C.C.Hewoninadesigncontest。D。TheAustralianhopedthenewcapitalwouldbelikeChicago.2。ThecityofCanberrawasfinished_______。A。in1901 B。in1911 C。in1913 D.in19373.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.CanberraisthelargestcityofAustralia.B.ThereareanumberofschoolsandcollegesinCanberra。C。ManypeopleinCanberraworkforthegovernment。D.Canberrahasbecomeafavoriteplacefortourists。4。Wh