高級(jí)英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換

PAGEPAGE4淺談高級(jí)英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換潘軍武廣東省高等教育自學(xué)考試英語教育專業(yè)開設(shè)16門課程，這其中高級(jí)英語屬于核心課程，難度也較大，尤其是句型轉(zhuǎn)換更是讓許多考生感到難以下筆，復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)使人仿佛墜入五里霧中。教學(xué)指南里有少數(shù)句型轉(zhuǎn)換答案在作者看來也有值得商榷之處，現(xiàn)就此類題型做出一點(diǎn)探討，以利廣大考生順利通過高級(jí)英語課程。轉(zhuǎn)換步驟該題型指令意義有三。首先，此類句型轉(zhuǎn)換已給出開頭，二是句子意義不能改變，即信息盡量完整保留，不增不減。三是句子結(jié)構(gòu)變換后要成為一個(gè)完整的新句子。如：.Allthestatisticspointtoarapidlydecliningrateofpopulationincrease,butthatiscomingaboutchieflythroughahighinfantmortality.這是個(gè)復(fù)合句（acompoundsentence）,句法上是并列關(guān)系,意義上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,其中卻又包含因果關(guān)系。新句子開頭為：Accordingtoallstatistics,ahighinfantmortality________.要做此題，考生須明白原文中that是指代arapidlydecliningrateofpopulationincrease,這是結(jié)果。而原因ahighinfantmortality被提到了句子的開頭，comeaboutthrough是先表果再表因，不能再用。現(xiàn)在只須找到先表達(dá)原因再表示結(jié)果的詞就行了。make,cause,leadto,resultin,都可以。指南答案：Accordingtoallstatistics,ahighinfantmortalitycausestherateofpopulationincreasetodeclinerapidly.這個(gè)答案語法上完全正確，但由于沒有盡量保留原文表達(dá)，將populationincreasetodecline一起用，多少有些不自然。事實(shí)上，做句型轉(zhuǎn)換一大秘訣就是盡量保留原文表達(dá)，只改變結(jié)構(gòu)性詞語！答案二：Accordingtoallstatistics,ahighinfantmortalityleadsto/resultsinarapidlydecliningrateofpopulationincrease.明顯這個(gè)新句整體上表達(dá)上更為通暢?，F(xiàn)歸納做句型轉(zhuǎn)換作題三步法。一：首先將原句和新句對(duì)照，找出意義重疊部分。例：ItssuccessasahunterhadbeenbasedentirelyonacapacitytooutrunanyanimalinAfrica,togetherwiththesuperbcoordinationofitshuntingpack.Itissuccessfulasahunterbecause______________________________.Itissuccessfulasahunter意義等同于Itssuccessasahunter而且because也傳達(dá)了bebasedon的意義。二：把剩余部分原封不動(dòng)地照抄上去。ItissuccessfulasahunterbecauseacapacitytooutrunanyanimalinAfrica,togetherwiththesuperbcoordinationofitshuntingpack.三：找到關(guān)節(jié)部分,將結(jié)構(gòu)性表達(dá)填充進(jìn)去，并作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。because不能直接接續(xù)acapacity，如果將because視為一個(gè)連詞，acapacity缺主謂成分。按照句意，加上ithas即可,指南答案ithashad似乎有些畫蛇添足。指南答案：ItissuccessfulasahunterbecauseithashadacapacitytooutrunanyanimalinAfrica,togetherwiththesuperbcoordinationofitshuntingpack.答案二：ItissuccessfulasahunterbecauseithasacapacitytooutrunanyanimalinAfrica,togetherwiththesuperbcoordinationofitshuntingpack.如果將because視為一個(gè)復(fù)合介詞becauseof一部分從而將其補(bǔ)充完整也行。為使句子更通順,應(yīng)將a換成its.答案三：ItissuccessfulasahunterbecauseofitscapacitytooutrunanyanimalinAfrica,togetherwiththesuperbcoordinationofitshuntingpack.按此方法轉(zhuǎn)換得來的句子，只需作稍許結(jié)構(gòu)變化，意義卻十分忠實(shí)于原文，表達(dá)上由于保持了原有搭配成分，讀來較為自然通順。其實(shí)高級(jí)英語中的句型轉(zhuǎn)換,很多是從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例一：Theincidentreinforcedmysensethatmountaineeringservesasanaptanalogyfortheartofteaching.Thereissomelikeness___________________________.指南答案：Thereissomelikeness,asIbelievedmorestronglybecauseoftheincident,betweenmountaineeringandtheartofteaching.分析：原句包含一個(gè)同位語從句。Likeness代替了anaptanalogy，首先原樣照抄。Thereissomelikenessbetweenmountaineeringandtheartofteaching.其實(shí)這句就是原同位語從句(mysensethat)mountaineeringservesasanaptanalogyfortheartofteaching.那原來的主謂成分(Theincidentreinforcedmysense)如何處理呢？generations.ItisprobablethatEdnaSt.VincentMillayhadworked___________.分析：這句話是從EdnaSt.VincentMillay那首短詩AFewFigsfromThistles(此標(biāo)題出自《圣經(jīng)》圣經(jīng)之《馬太福音》第十二節(jié))化來，此詩當(dāng)時(shí)膾炙人口，burnthecandleatbothends自此后也就成為英語諺語，意為精疲力竭也要完成某件事情或?yàn)槟呈逻^度消耗精力。Wonderat意為驚羨。此處candle喻指詩人自己，lovelylight即是她最終成型的作品(finaldraft)。詩人嘔心瀝血，最終有了讓自己都驚訝的作品所以作者感嘆butherfirstdraftsaretreasuresforfuturegenerations.指南答案：ItisprobablethatEdnaSt.VincentMillayhadworkedharddayandnight,butnotsureabouthersuccess.這個(gè)答案完全背離了原意，而且給出的開頭就將原句野蠻的撕裂開來，已完全不是句型轉(zhuǎn)換，就算句子正確也只是paraphrase.這樣的錯(cuò)誤幾不可改。指南書里類似的出題還有不少，建議將paraphrase型句型轉(zhuǎn)換去掉。三：少數(shù)語法問題例一：Howappropriate,evenironic,itmighthavebeenhadhisvariousdraftsgonethewayoftheburningbooksthathedeploresanddisappearedintoamemorybank.指南答案：Likethedisappearanceoftheburningbooksthathedeplores,hisvariousdraftsmaydisappearintoamemorybank,which,inthatcase,itmightbesoappropriateandevenironic.這個(gè)給出的句子開頭Likethedisappearanceoftheburningbooksthathedeplores,hisvariousdraftsmay將disappearance與drafts并列，明顯是錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)（misparallelism）。新句中which和it也不能并存。答案二：Liketheburningbooksthathedeplores,hisvariousdraftsmaydisappearintoamemorybank,whichwouldbeveryappropriateandevenironicifithappened.例二：Thiselementofuncertaintylentaninteresttotheoccasionwhichitcouldnototherwisehaveattained.Theoccasionwasmademoreinterestingjust__________________.指南答案：Theoccasionwasmademoreinterestingjustforthiselementofuncertainty,whichitcouldnotbeotherwise.分析：關(guān)于這個(gè)句子很多學(xué)生都看不大明白。原句中Which和it似乎指代不清。但按照定語從句規(guī)則，Which應(yīng)該是attain的賓語，所以Which是指aninterest，而it應(yīng)指theoccasion.但指南給的答案中which和it再一次生硬地并列在了一起，純屬病句。如果真正懂得Which是指aninterest，而it應(yīng)指theoccasion那么就會(huì)看到在新句中aninterest作為名詞已經(jīng)消失，再用Which只能是指代thiselementofuncertainty，所以答案應(yīng)調(diào)整如下。答案二：Theoccasionwasmademoreinterestingjustforthiselementofuncertainty,withoutwhichitcouldbeotherwise.四：別扭句英文表達(dá)的正確與流暢是兩碼回事。指南書中也有少數(shù)句子讀起來扭異常。例一：Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitappearimpregnable,theinstitutionwasnecessarilysound,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturalsymboldweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthaninanyaesthetictheory.Abuilding’sapparentlyimpregnabledesignmade__________________.指南答案：Abuilding’sapparentlyimpregnabledesignmadenotonlythebuildingitselfnecessarilysoundbutalsoitsheavywallasanarchitecturalsymbolsignificant,becauseoftheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthanofanyaesthetictheory.分析：Notonly…butalso在句中讀起來十分拗口，整體語句不夠通順。而且原句是theinstitutionwasnecessarilysound，意為如果建筑外觀看起來似乎牢不可破，讓人就覺得制度也必定健全。新句把原句篡改為buildingitselfnecessarilysound，是沒有真正領(lǐng)會(huì)原句。原文中and其實(shí)是做出推論，墻的意義不在美學(xué)觀念而在于對(duì)金錢的態(tài)度。答案二：Abuilding’sapparentlyimpregnabledesignmadepeoplebelievethattheinstitutionwasnecessarilysound,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturalsymboldweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthaninanyaesthetictheory.例二：Manuscriptsareourgifttoourheritage,andwehavenorighttodeprivefuturegenerationsoflearninghowwethinkandfeel,simplybecausewefindwordprocessingmorecon