高中英語語法-虛擬語氣全總結(jié)

①錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你來得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。③用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100萬元，你會(huì)做什么？Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。④含蓄條件句有時(shí)在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定語從句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。虛擬語氣(2)——虛擬語氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、愿望等動(dòng)詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律——名詞從句虛擬句無論其主句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)何種形式，從句的謂語形式均為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建議,command命令,demand要求，request請(qǐng)求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer寧愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide決定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅(jiān)持她馬上就做。在Itis/was+上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句或者同位語從句時(shí)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容詞+that從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要參加會(huì)議。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.虛擬語氣(3)——虛擬語氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語從句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)(haddone)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(對(duì)將來的虛擬)但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(對(duì)過去的虛擬)要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去時(shí)Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起來就好像是我爸爸。A.hadbeenB.were

C.wasD.wouldbe

14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.

A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehind

C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind

15.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.

A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverained

C.haveseenD.rained

16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.

A.shouldB.would

C.doD.had

17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won’tgo

C.notgoD.nottogo

18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.

A.hadhadB.havehad

C.hadD.wouldhavehad

19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?

A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainst

C.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst

20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.

A.gotosleepB.wenttosleep

C.gotobedD.wenttobed

21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?

—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.

A.hadB.havehad

C.wouldhaveD.hadhad

22.Ifshecouldsew,_____.

A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirt

C.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat

23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving

C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.

A.willtakeB.wouldtake

C.takeD.took

25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,_____atthestation.

A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthem

C.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem

26.IfI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpayB.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay

27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.

A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgive

C.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive

28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.

A.hasB.had

C.haveD.willhave

29.Itisstrangethathe_____so.

A.wouldsayB.wouldspeak

C.shouldsayD.willspeak

30.HadIknownhername,_____

A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?

C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.

31.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe_____allaboutthat.

A.knowB.knows

C.knownD.knew

32.IfI_____themoney,Iwouldhaveboughtamuchbiggercar.

A.possessedB.owned

C.hadD.hadhad

33.Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,he_____tothemeeting.

A.wouldcomeB.came

C.wouldhavecomeD.willcome

34.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_____nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.

A.willtakeB.took

C.takeD.takes

35.Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishI_____soearly.

A.didn’tleaveB.hadn’tleft

C.haven’tleftD.couldn’tleave

36.Idonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutI_____notime.

A.hadB.didn’thave

C.hadhadD.have

37.Iwishthatyou_____suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehad

C.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave

38.Heinsistedthatweall_____inhisofficeatoneo’clock.

A.beB.tobe

C.wouldbeD.shallbe

39.Helencouldn’tgotoFranceafterall.That’stoobad.I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_____.

A.she’sgoneB.she’llgo

C.she’dgoneD.she’dgo

40.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.

A.goB.shallgo

C.willgoD.wouldgo

1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.北:A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot（北京24’）2.----ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?----Iamafraidyou______,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.(福建25’)A.willB.mustC.mayD.can3.-----Noone_______becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.----Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.(湖南28’)A.canB.needC.mustD.might4.Ifyou______go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(遼寧21’)A.canB.mayC.mustD.will5.Ifyousmoke,pleasegooutside.(全國卷8’)A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may6.---Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?--OK.You_______haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.(陜西24’)A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall7.---How’syournewbabysitter?---We______askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.(浙江11’)A.shouldB.mightC.mustn'tD.couldn't8.---Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?---Iwantto,butmymomsimply_________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should(重慶25’)9.ThepolicestillhaveIfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should(四川20’)10.Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(新課標(biāo)32’)A.willB.canC.mustD.should11.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.（北京28’）A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen12.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying(北京30’)13.---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.(福建34’)A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended14.---Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.---Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.(江蘇34’)A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen15.I_______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陜西22’)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone16.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(天津15’)A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD

21—25DBCCC26—30DCCCD31—35DDCCB36—40DCACD

解析：

1.wish后面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。

2.條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用過去將來完成時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。

3.asif后面如果表示真實(shí)情況就不用虛擬。

4.Itisimportantthat是主語從句的虛擬語氣，從句用sb.shoulddo的形式5.asif后面是真實(shí)情況，不虛擬。6.lain是lie的過去