高二英語(yǔ)教師用書：Unit4SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精Ⅰ．單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示,寫出下列單詞1．Withoutdisagreement，theysubscribe(同意）totheviewthatitishumans'existenceandtheirrandomlyconsumingenergythatresultinthisphenomenon．2．Theyaretryingtofindacleanerfuel(燃料）forcars．3．Ourresearchresultsaredisplayedintheformofgraphs（圖表)．4．Thiskindofcarusuallyconsumes（消耗)muchgasoline．5．Thatislandhasamild(溫和的)climateandyoucangothereforarest．6．Shestudiedhard，andasaconsequenceshepassedtheexamination．7．Thestudenthasaverywiderangeofinterestslikeyou．8．Theinjuredarebeingtendedbythedoctorsandnurses．9．However,evenifyoueatlargequantitiesofthesefoods，yourbloodPHwillhardlychangeoronlyforashorttime．10．Itisstatedthatmorethanthirtypeoplewerekilledintheaccident．Ⅱ．拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語(yǔ)提示，寫出下列單詞1．phenomenonn．現(xiàn)象→phenomenan．現(xiàn)象（復(fù)數(shù)）2．statevt．陳述；說明→statementn．陳述；聲明3．consumevt．消費(fèi)；消耗；耗盡；吃完→consumern．消費(fèi)者；用戶；消耗者4．steadyadj．平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的;穩(wěn)固的→steadilyadv．平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地5．opposevt．反對(duì)；反抗；與（某人)較量→opposedadj．反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的eq\a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶])v．＋。ment→n．a(chǎn)dj．＋-ly→adv．excitement興奮；刺激achievement成就;功績(jī)entertainment款待；娛樂entirely完全地；全然地exactly確實(shí)如此；正是gradually逐漸地Ⅲ．補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ)1．keepon 繼續(xù)2．resultin 導(dǎo)致3．goup 漲價(jià)；上漲4．subscribeto 同意；訂閱5．comeabout 發(fā)生;造成6．quantitiesof 大量的7．beopposedto 反對(duì)Ⅳ．選詞填空選用上述短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Hesubscribedtotheviewthatchildrenwouldbenefitfrombeingindependent．2．HugequantitiesofoilwereshippedtoAsialastyear．3．Theaccidenthasresultedinthedeathoftwopassengerssofar．4．Turnleftatthecornerandkeeponasfarasthechurch．5．Withthetemperaturegoingup，willthesnowmelt？eq\a\vs4\al（［尋規(guī)律、巧記憶］）v．＋in→動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)v．＋up→動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)arrivein到達(dá)endin以……結(jié)尾joinin參與(一起做某事)bringup撫養(yǎng)大speedup加快速度buildup增進(jìn);增強(qiáng)背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實(shí)1．Thatprobablydoesnotseemmuchtoyouorme,butitisarapidincreasewhencomparedtoothernaturalchanges．這個(gè)數(shù)值對(duì)你我來說很可能是無所謂的，但是跟其他自然變化相比較而言，這卻是一種快速的增長(zhǎng)。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略Asiswell。known，metalexpandswhen(itis)heatedandcontractswhen(itis)cooled．眾所周知，金屬熱則膨脹冷則收縮。2．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon．毫無疑問，地球正在變暖（見表1），而全球轉(zhuǎn)暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象.Thereisnodoubtthat．．．……是毫無疑問的Thereisnodoubtthatwewillcertainlygetgoodgrades．毫無疑問，我們定會(huì)取得好的成績(jī)。3．Withoutthe‘greenhouseeffect’，theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis．如果沒有這種‘溫室效應(yīng)'，地球溫度將比現(xiàn)在的溫度低大約33攝氏度。介詞without引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedtopasstheexam。如果沒有你的幫助，我就不會(huì)通過這次考試.4．Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies．即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在（未來)幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。evenif/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“即使；縱使”Evenif/thoughIhavetowalkalltheway，I'llgetthere．即使一路走著去，我也得趕到那里。comeabout發(fā)生；造成（教材P26)Sohowhasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?那么，這種溫度的升高是怎么產(chǎn)生的呢？會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？(1)Howdoesitcomeaboutthat．．．? 某事怎么發(fā)生的……？（2）comeacross 被理解；(偶然）遇見；碰到comeout 出現(xiàn)；出版;結(jié)果是；開放comeup 走近；長(zhǎng)出；長(zhǎng)芽；被提出；（問題 或困難）出現(xiàn)comeupwith 提出;提供；趕上cometo 共計(jì);談到；涉及；蘇醒過來①Howdidtheaccidentcomeaboutsincehedroveataspeedofthirtymilesperhour?既然他以每小時(shí)30英里的速度開車，那么事故是怎樣發(fā)生的呢?②Themancameuptomeandaskedmetohelphim．這個(gè)人走到我面前，向我求助。③Icameacrossthechildrensleepingunderthebridge．我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)睡在橋下的孩子。④Howdiditcomeaboutthatheknewwherewewere?他是怎么知道我們?cè)谑裁吹胤降哪?？［名師點(diǎn)津］表示“發(fā)生"的詞或短語(yǔ):comeabout,happen，occur，takeplace，breakout都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ),都沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。subscribevi．同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱vt．簽署（文件)；捐助（教材P26)Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth’stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal，naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy．所有的科學(xué)家都贊同這種觀點(diǎn)：人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒化石燃料（如煤、天然氣和石油等），從而引起了地球溫度的升高。寫出下列句中subscribe的含義①Atthemeeting，allthememberssubscribedtotheplantobuildapowerplantintheirhometown． 同意②Inordertoimprovehisdaughter'sEnglish，hesubscribedtoEnglishWeekly． 訂閱③HesubscribesregularlytotheHopeProject． 捐助④Iwasunwillingtosubscribetothecontract，butitseemedthatIhadnochoice． 簽署（文件)subscribetosth． 同意；贊成;訂閱……subscribe．．．to．．． 把……捐贈(zèng)給……；把……簽署 在……上⑤Don’tgoandaskforherideaaboutourplan．Neverwillshesubscribetoitforthetrip．不要去問她對(duì)我們這個(gè)計(jì)劃的想法。她不會(huì)同意這次旅行的。[語(yǔ)境助記］Weappliedforsubscribingtosomemagazinesusefulforourwork．Thedepartmentmanagersubscribedtoitandsubscribedhisnametotheapplicationform．我們申請(qǐng)訂閱幾本對(duì)我們的工作有益的雜志,部門經(jīng)理同意了這一請(qǐng)求，并在申請(qǐng)表上簽上了他的名字.quantitiesof大量的；許多(教材P26)Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere．當(dāng)我們向大氣層中排放大量額外的二氧化碳時(shí),問題就來了.（1）alarge/smallquantityof＝large/smallquantitiesof“大/少量的”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞a（large/small）quantityof后接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)形式（large/small)quantitiesof后接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式（2)inquantity在數(shù)量上;大量地inlargequantities大量地①Ourgovernmentspentalargequantityofmoneyinstoppingpollution．我們的政府花費(fèi)了大量的資金來制止污染。②Everydayinhotsummer，alargequantityofbeerisconsumed（consume）．炎熱夏天里，每天都要消費(fèi)大量的啤酒。③Largequantitiesofair.conditionershavebeensold(sell）sincethesummercame．入夏以來,已有大量的空調(diào)售出。④Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity/inlargequantities．(quantity）他喜歡閱讀，總是大量地買書。tendvi．趨向；易于；照顧vt．照顧；護(hù)理（教材P26)Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup．它意味著更多的熱能將被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。(1）tendtodosth． 常常會(huì)做某事;傾向于做某事tendto/towardssth． 趨向……；傾向……tend(to）sb．/sth．（＝lookaftersb．/sth．) 照顧……；護(hù)理……（2）tendencyn． 傾向；偏好haveatendencytodosth． 傾向于做某事①Heisabsentfromthemeeting,forheistending(to）hissickfather．他缺席會(huì)議了,因?yàn)樗谡疹櫳〉母赣H.②ThesortofmusicIlistentovaries,butItendto/towardsourfolkmusic．我所聽的音樂形形色色，但是我更傾向于我們的民樂.③Peoplehaveatendency（tend)toplacetoomuchemphasisonwhatexpertssay．＝Peopletendtoplace(place）toomuchemphasisonwhatexpertssay．人們趨向于過于重視專家的說法。[語(yǔ)境助記]Whileheisbusyworking，hetendstoburstwithanger,thatis，hehasatendencytolosehistemper．當(dāng)他忙于工作的時(shí)候，他很容易發(fā)火，也就是說，他容易發(fā)脾氣.resultin導(dǎo)致；造成……的結(jié)果(教材P26）Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide．他們還贊同下述觀點(diǎn)：正是由于越來越多的燃燒化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。(1）resultfrom 由……引起（2)asaresultof 作為……的結(jié)果；由于asaresult 結(jié)果withoutresult 毫無結(jié)果①M(fèi)anyeffectivemeasurestakenbyourgovernmenthaveresultedinAPECBlueinBeijing,whichisquiteencouraging．我們政府采取的許多有效措施終于在北京產(chǎn)生了APEC藍(lán)（這種天氣),這是很令人鼓舞的。②Manyillnessesresultfromlackofexercise．＝Lackofexerciseresultsinmanyillnesses．許多疾病是由缺乏鍛煉引起的。③Theceremonyhasbeenputoffasaresultoftheheavyrain．＝Therainisrainingheavily．Asaresult，theceremonyhasbeenputoff．因?yàn)榇笥?，典禮已經(jīng)被延期了.[名師點(diǎn)津]resultin側(cè)重于結(jié)果，即主語(yǔ)是原因，in后面接導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。而resultfrom側(cè)重于起因，即主語(yǔ)是結(jié)果,from后面接事情的起因.［語(yǔ)境助記］Theaccidentresultedfromdrivingcarelessly，resultinginthedeathoftwopassengers．這場(chǎng)事故是由于粗心駕駛造成的，致使兩名乘客死亡。opposevt．反對(duì);反抗；與（某人)較量（教材P27)Ontheotherhand,therearethose，likeGeorgeHambley，whoareopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair．另一方面，還有一些像喬治·漢布利這樣的科學(xué)家，反對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn),他們認(rèn)為我們不必為空氣中的二氧化碳含量高而擔(dān)心。（1)oppose（doing）sth．＝objectto（doing)sth． 反對(duì)(做）……（2)opposedadj． 反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的beopposedto（doing）sth．＝beagainst(doing）sth． 反對(duì)（做)……(to為介詞)①M(fèi)anyoldmenareopposedtocuttingdownthe100。year.oldtreeforrebuildingashoppingcenter．許多老人反對(duì)為重建一個(gè)購(gòu)物中心而砍掉這棵百年老樹.②Thegovernmentcalledonthepublictoopposewasting(waste）resources．政府號(hào)召公眾反對(duì)浪費(fèi)資源.③Doyouopposemyspeaking（speak）tohimaboutit？＝Areyouopposedtomyspeakingtohimaboutit?我去和他談?wù)勥@事，你反對(duì)嗎？[名師點(diǎn)津］“反對(duì)(做)某事”的多種表達(dá)法及其反義詞組：①beopposedto(doing)sth．/oppose（doing）sth．/objectto(doing）sth．/beagainst（doing)sth．反對(duì)(做)某事②subscribeto(doing）sth．/agreeto(do）sth．/beforsth．/beinfavourofsth．同意（做)某事consequencen．結(jié)果；后果;影響（教材P27)Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequences．他們預(yù)言說，變暖的情況不會(huì)很嚴(yán)重，對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也不會(huì)太大。（1)inconsequence/asaconsequence＝asaresult 因此；結(jié)果inconsequenceof/asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof 由于……原因（2)consequentadj． 隨之發(fā)生的；由……引起的consequentlyadv． 所以;因而①Thecitywasinruinsinconsequenceof/asaconsequenceof/asaresultofasevereearthquake．由于嚴(yán)重的地震,這座城市變成了廢墟。②Thewarmingoftheearthandtheconsequent（consequence）climaticchangesaffectusall．地球變暖以及隨之發(fā)生的氣候變化影響著我們所有人.③Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,consequently（consequence)，didwellinschool．她是個(gè)聰明好學(xué)的學(xué)生，因此學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)很好。statevt．陳述；說明n．狀態(tài)；狀況(教材P27）Infact,Hambleystates，“Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositivething．”事實(shí)上，漢布利是這樣說的：“二氧化碳含量的增加實(shí)際上是件好事."（1）state＋n．/從句 聲明……；說明……Itisstatedthat．．． 據(jù)宣布/據(jù)稱/據(jù)說……（2)statementn． 陳述；說明makeastatement 作陳述；發(fā)表聲明(3)ina(n）．．．state/inastateof．．． 處于……的狀態(tài)①Thecontractclearlystatedwhentheworkshouldbefinished．合同清楚地?cái)⑹隽四琼?xiàng)工作應(yīng)在何時(shí)完成.②Itisstated（state)thatweuseonly10percentofourbrain．據(jù)稱我們只運(yùn)用了大腦的10％。③Soonafterwardshemadehisfirstpublicstatement(state)abouttheaffair．不久以后，他第一次就這一事件發(fā)表了公開聲明。④I'msorrytohearthatheisinapoorstateofhealth．聽到他的健康狀況不佳，我很難過。［語(yǔ)境助記］Theydonotstatethatsheisagoodteacher，buttheirstatementisveryimportantinfact．他們沒有說她是一位好老師，但他們的陳述事實(shí)上很重要。rangevi．排列；(在一定范圍內(nèi)）變化；變動(dòng)vt．排列；涉及n．種類；范圍；山脈(教材P27)Itwillmakeplantsgrowquicker；cropswillproducemore；itwillencourageagreaterrangeofanimals—allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter．它使植物生長(zhǎng)更快，莊稼產(chǎn)量更高，還會(huì)促進(jìn)很多動(dòng)物種類的增加——所有這些都能改善人類的生活.寫出下列句中range的詞性和含義①Itspricesrangebetweentwentyandthirtyyuan． vi.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化②Ourconversationrangedovermanytopics． vt.涉及③Theshabbyhousesusedtorangealongtheroad． vi。排列④Theyarelookingforthehouseavailableinthepricerange． n.范圍（1）arangeof．．． 一系列……outof/beyondone'srange＝outof/beyondtherangeofsb． 超出某人的承受范圍；某人能力達(dá)不到的withintherangeof．．． 在……的范圍之內(nèi)（2）rangefrom．．．to．．．＝rangebetween．．．a(chǎn)nd．．． 處于某范圍內(nèi);在……到……的范圍內(nèi)變化⑤Thereisafullrangeofactivitiesforchildren．這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動(dòng).⑥Thetemperaturerangesfrom28to35degreescentigradeinJulyinthiscity．該市七月份的溫度在攝氏28度到35度之間變動(dòng).⑦Thepriceofthecarisoutof/beyondhisrange．這輛車的價(jià)格超出了他的承受范圍.［語(yǔ)境助記］Thesupermarketkeepsawiderangeofgoods．Theirpricesrangefromjustonlyafewyuantoseveralhundredyuan．Accordingtotheirvarieties，theshopassistantsrangethemneatlyontheshelves．這家超市有種類繁多的商品。它們的價(jià)格從幾元到幾百元不等.根據(jù)它們的種類,售貨員們把它們整齊地排列在不同的貨架上。glancevi．看一下；掃視n．一瞥（教材P27）Glancequicklyatthemagazinearticleandanswerthequestions．快速瀏覽一下雜志上的文章，然后回答問題。(1）glanceat 向……一瞥(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）glancethrough/over 瀏覽（2）atfirstglance/sight 乍看之下；乍一看ata(single)glance （只)看一眼；一眼；立刻take/haveaglance（at) （對(duì)……）匆匆看一下①Heglancedthrough/overthenewspaper．他大致瀏覽了一下報(bào)紙。②Atfirstglancetheproblemseemedeasy．乍看之下這個(gè)問題似乎很簡(jiǎn)單。③Heglancedattheenvelopeandrecognizedhisuncle'shandwriting．＝Hehad/tookaglanceattheenvelopeandrecognizedhisuncle’shandwriting．他瞥了一眼那個(gè)信封,認(rèn)出是他叔叔的筆跡。④IrecognizedMaryata（single）glance，eventhoughwehadn'tseeneachotherfor30years．盡管30年沒見，我還是一眼認(rèn)出了瑪麗。（教材P26)Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer（seeGraph1）andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon．毫無疑問，地球正在變暖(見表1），而全球轉(zhuǎn)暖是人為的,而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象.【要點(diǎn)提煉】Thereisnodoubtthat．．．意為“……是毫無疑問的”。（1）Thereis(some)doubt之后常接whether引導(dǎo)的從句，意為“懷疑是否會(huì)……”；thereisnodoubt后常接that引導(dǎo)的從句，意為“對(duì)……毫不懷疑”.(2）doubt用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“懷疑；不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的從句由whether/if引導(dǎo)；在疑問句或否定句中doubt后面的從句由that引導(dǎo)。①Thereisnodoubtthatmoreandmorepeopleprefershoppingonlinenowadays．毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在越來越多的人愿意在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物。②Idoubtwhether/ifhewillbeopposedtotheidea．＝Ihavesomedoubtwhetherhewillbeopposedtotheidea．我懷疑他是否會(huì)反對(duì)這一想法。③Idon’tdoubtthatmydaughterwillhaveabrightfuture．＝Ihavenodoubtthatmydaughterwillhaveabrightfuture．我毫不懷疑我的女兒會(huì)有光明的未來.（教材P27)Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies．即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量,在(未來）幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。【要點(diǎn)提煉】evenif＝eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“即使;縱使”。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞小結(jié)：（1)用although，though，eventhough，evenif等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“盡管"或“雖然"。（2)用while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“盡管；雖然"。（3)用as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“雖然；盡管”。用作此意時(shí)必須將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形提到as前面.此時(shí)也可用though.①Bobalwaysenjoyssailing，evenif/thoughtheweatheriscloudy．鮑勃總是很喜歡航海，即使空中烏云密布.②Although/Though/Whilehewasinjured，hemanagedtoclimboutofhiscar．盡管他受傷了，他還是從車?yán)锱懒顺鰜?③Althoughhewaspatient，hedidn'tlikewaitingthatlong．＝Patientas/thoughhewas，hedidn'tlikewaitingthatlong．他雖說有耐心，但也不愿等這么久。④Fastasyouread，youcan'tfinishthebookintwodays．＝Y(jié)oureadfast，butyoucan’tfinishthebookintwodays．盡管你讀得很快，但你不可能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。1．（教材P26)Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer（seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon．【分析】句中含兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作名詞doubt的同位語(yǔ)，其中itishumanactivitythat．．．是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)humanactivity?！痉g】毫無疑問,地球正在變暖（見表一),而全球轉(zhuǎn)暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。2．(教材P26)Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup．【分析】句中that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；causingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).【翻譯】它意味著更多的熱能將被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升.3．(教材P27）Ontheotherhand，there